College tuition costs and early career socioeconomic achievement: do you get what you pay for?

The effects of college tuition costs on early career educational, occupational and economic achievements were estimated for a national sample of black and white college students. The findings suggest that attending a relatively high tuition college has a net positive influence on such outcomes as educational attainment, occupational status, income and women's entry into sex-atypical careers. These effects remained significant even when controls were made for student background characteristics (e.g., socioeconomic origins, secondary school achievement, educational and occupational aspirations); the academic selectivity, private/public control, size and graduate orientation of the college attended; and one's specific college experiences (e.g., academic major, academic achievement and social involvement). The findings are discussed in terms of several plausible causal mechanisms.     

幼儿教师的社会地位

参照有关幼儿教师社会地位的研究,结合调研所获得的一手材料,本研究发现,当前幼儿教师的经济收入偏低,其政治、专业性、学术性权力有限,且得不到有效保障,职业声望也一般。综合来看,幼儿教师的社会地位在整个社会职业结构体系中处于偏低的位置。     

四川省师范大学生职业价值观研究

为探讨当前师范大学生职业价值观的结构和特点,对四川省部分高校学生进行了问卷调查．结果表明：四川省师范大学生职业价值观由5个方面组成：生活保障、声望地位、机遇发展、社会贡献和人际协调;师范大学生在选择职业时最看重的因素依次是机遇发展、生活保障、人际协调、社会贡献、声望地位;师范大学生职业价值观存在性别、专业和年级差异．     

高职公共英语教科书阶层文化分析——以《新视野英语教程:读写教程I》为例

通过分析《新视野英语教程:读写教程Ⅰ》中的职业状况可知,高职公共英语教科书中存在人物职业分布不合理的现象,职业声望得分较高的职业描述比较详细,且较多正面描述,而职业声望得分较低的职业描述简略,且较多负面描述。该教科书中对人物职业的描述不符合中国的社会结构现实,不利于帮助学生树立正确的职业观、不利于改善社会不平等现象。     

The attainability of university degrees and their labour market benefits for young Australians

I used data from the 1995 cohort of the Longitudinal Surveys of Australian Youth to investigate the factors associated with the attainment of Australian university degrees and estimate their domestic labour market benefits. I considered vertical and horizontal stratification in education and examined monetary and non-monetary benefits. The probabilities of attaining a university degree differed significantly by individual and family background. Individual’s family backgrounds significantly predicted the prestige of their universities, but not their fields of study. University graduates enjoyed higher income and occupational prestige relative to non-graduates. Among university graduates, income and occupational benefits differed significantly by fields of study but less by the prestige of universities. These findings indicate that vertical stratification in education plays an important role in the intergenerational transmission of social status in Australia. My findings suggest that policies should ensure equal access to higher education for young people from disadvantaged backgrounds. Strategies to reduce inequality in higher education are discussed.     

Athletics,clubs, or music? The influence of college extracurricular activities on job prestige and satisfaction

In this study, we investigate how college extracurricular activities influence students’ early occupational outcomes. In particular, we examine how the type and number of extracurricular activities, as well as level of participation, influence occupational prestige and job satisfaction. Employing the three national databases, we compare the relationship between extracurricular activities and occupational outcomes across three different cohorts and different levels of college selectivity in the context of the US. Our results suggest that the type of activities pursued in college is consistently important for occupational outcomes, and different types of activities have significant influence for different cohorts. Extracurricular activities tend to have more labour market benefits for graduates of selective institutions.     

我国职业声望研究二十年述评

声望地位是社会分层理论家们关注的一个热点问题,职业声望反映了职业分层的主观维度。文章从职业声望调查研究方法、职业声望研究的内容包括职业声望的社会评价、自我评价、评价标准或影响因素及比较研究等方面全面总结了我国二十年来职业声望研究的基本状况,并着重从方法和理论层面进行了评价,指出目前职业声望的研究方法有待规范、职业声望研究理论的本土化工作有所进展但尚显不够以及对职业声望评价的理论和实践意义发掘不足等问题。     

Influence of university prestige on graduate wage and job satisfaction: the case of South Korea

ABSTRACT

Obtaining a tertiary degree no longer guarantees entry to the best occupational positions in today’s labour market. Success is no longer about ‘more’ education, but about ‘better’ education for university graduates. This study aims to understand whether university prestige in Korea accounts for occupational outcomes in both monetary and non-monetary aspects, such as salaries and job satisfaction. The study particularly focuses on the way different levels of university prestige are affected by gender. The fourth wave data from the Korean Education and Employment Panel were used, providing information from the results of a panel survey of university graduates in terms of their social and academic background and job employment status. Results show that university prestige continues to matters in occupational outcomes in particular, for wage, but it is not significant for job satisfaction. The effect is more significant among male graduates than among female graduates.     

高校诚信教育问题探讨

社会上一些领域的道德滑坡，少数高校教师的学术腐败，给大学生诚信道德品质的形成带来严重的负面影响。高校的诚信教育面临严峻的形势，为加强对大学生的诚信道德教育，提高教育的实效性，应积极营造诚信的社会环境树立诚信的师德风范，强化学生诚信道德体验，建立诚信道德约束机制。     

略论高职旅游酒店管理专业学生价值观的差异性

高职旅游酒店专业学生的职业价值观,在自我发展、职业的社会地位和声望、经济收入、安全保障及工作保健等方面的选择不一,并且性别不同、家庭背景不同等因素使他们在职业价值的选择上出现一定程度的差异。     

What's in a name? The impact of reputation and rankings on the teaching income of English universities

This study examines the impact of universities’ reputation on teaching income and demonstrates how strongly reputation may affect the fees that they can charge. Higher Education is increasingly competitive and international, and institutions are preoccupied with national and international prestige. Research output is demonstrably central to reputation and, specifically, to global rankings, but less has been written about the benefits of high prestige for teaching income and the ability to charge high fees. This article uses English data to show the impact when fees are partially deregulated. Public universities with high rankings in global league tables and on domestic measures can command teaching income per student which is very much higher (in this case typically more than a third) than lower‐prestige institutions. This financial return to prestige further increases universities’ incentives to seek high positions in league tables and establish a reputational brand.     

Prestige,charitable deductions and other determinants of alumni giving: Evidence from a highly selective liberal arts college

Private institutions of higher education are highly dependent on alumni support to cover operating expenses, fund endowments and fuel large capital campaigns. For example, in 2004, alumni at private liberal arts colleges generated nearly 43% of total voluntary support and funded 21.5% of total institutional expenditures. This paper uses 15 years of detailed data on alumni donations to a private liberal arts college to explore a full range of potential determinants of giving. Results suggest that wealthy alumni who live in states that allow charitable tax deductions are more generous than otherwise similar alumni in states without such subsidies. Alumni contributions also increase in years when the college has achieved greater athletic prestige but fall when academic prestige rises. Furthermore, recent alumni are more influenced by institutional prestige than older graduates. With regard to other determinants, females tend to be more generous, as do alumni living in wealthier neighborhoods within 250 miles of the college. Alumni who have close alumni relatives tend to give more as do alumni who participated in campus activities during their college years. Undergraduate major and occupational sector are also strong predictors of giving behavior.     

社会阶层中的教师职业

社会成员对社会资源的占有状况不同,从而形成了不同的社会阶层。作为一个职业群体,教师的收入反映教师职业的基本经济状况,同时也表明教师职业在社会阶层中的经济地位。教师职业的声望等级可以作为一般意义上的职业地位指标,折射出人们的价值取向,对收入和权利起着平衡和纠偏作用。教师的社会阶层对其生活方式、兴趣和惯习产生深刻影响,并深深地植根于角色关系及社会交往之中。     

FAMILY AND EDUCATIONAL EXPERIENCES OF DISPLACED NEGRO CHILDREN

This article examine how students from different class backgrounds at vastly different colleges interpret the role of social class in their past and future. It begins with a review of previous research findings based on freshmen and sophomore year interviews (2002–2004) with three groups of students: low income students at a state college; low income students at an elite private college (Little Ivy), and affluent students at the same elite private college. During a period of relative quiescence on college campuses, all three groups of students tended to look at their own lives in individualistic, non-structural ways, and generally downplayed the role of their own class backgrounds. Many of the students were interviewed again during their senior year to determine what, if any, changes had occurred in their overall outlook. Both groups of students at Little Ivy had become less politically progressive and active as they approached graduation; State College students had verbally moved to the Left, but without corresponding activism. Occupational goals for each of the three groups differed. The affluent students anticipated positions with the most power and prestige, while the State College students aimed for entry and middle level statuses. Not surprisingly, the low income Little Ivy students expected to obtain positions below their affluent peers, but higher than the State College students. The meaning of these findings in the context of the current historical period and the power of social reproduction is discussed.     

Occupational Prestige and Professional Image of Teachers in Taiwan: A Comparison of Three Surveys

In the past four decades Taiwan was marked not only by rapid economic growth, but also by wide-ranging social, political, and cultural changes. In this fast-paced period, occupational division of work has become narrower and some functions of the family have gradually been taken over by the school. The function of the school has thus expanded. Generally, in traditional society, the school teacher's role was primarily that of guardian of cultural assets and disseminator of existing knowledge. In modem-day society, when values are becoming increasingly pluralistic, the school teacher is no longer facing a static and homogeneous state, but a swiftly changing and highly heterogeneous social environment. In this environment, the spread of knowledge is so fast that educational reform and change have become inevitable. The role of the school teacher has fundamentally changedno longer are they mere disseminators of traditional culture or existing knowledge, but communicators of social, economic, and cultural development. The work of the teacher not only affects educational function and achievement but, through molding the very values of students, is changing and consolidating social values and accelerating the speed of social progress. Based on this premise, this article studies the occupational prestige and professional image of teachers in Taiwan from the perspective of the teacher's changing role. On the one hand, through a collection of data, it provides concrete reference material for policymaking pertaining to the professional status of teachers of higher education, and, on the other, it makes a comparison with findings in our previous two surveys (1971 and 1979) to illustrate changes in the teacher's occupational prestige and professional image, thus providing reference material for raising the level of teachers and improving teacher education in the future.     

The Social Status of Teachers in Taiwan

The social status of teachers is one of the indicators reflecting the significance attached to education in each culture. This study found that teachers in Taiwan enjoy a relatively higher occupational prestige and an overall greater satisfaction with their jobs than their international counterparts. These outcomes may be attributed to the favourable policies in teacher education and schooling operations adopted by the Taiwanese government over past decades. The roots of these policies are in the cultural, historical and political development of the Taiwanese society. The Chinese cultural tradition, Japanese colonisation and Nationalist rule have all played a role in forming the relatively high social status of teachers in Taiwan. However, as Taiwan has been undergoing major political and cultural transformations in recent years, the policies and public perceptions of teaching may change accordingly; therefore the social status of teachers in Taiwan remains to be closely observed.     

高校教师学术职业角色扮演评价--基于评价的研究范式

传统的高校教师的职业角色覆盖教学、科研和社会服务三大领域。若将高校作为一个学术职业系统,并沿用评价的研究范式,通过能力、同质或异质性、稳定性、集中性、一致性和动荡性六个分析维度作为比较基准,根据7所高校调研实测数据完成对现行高校学术职业从业者职业角色扮演现状的评价。研究发现,不同类型的高校对教师扮演的三大职业角色有所侧重;教书育人角色是高校教师公认的高稳定性角色,科学研究角色扮演角色呈现递增的趋势,社会服务角色存在相对稳定性。     

高职院校学生职业价值观的评价初探

教育评价是职业教育研究的重要领域之一,职业价值观的培养是职业教育的重要内容。本文从我国当前社会经济对职业价值观的要求以及当前职业院校学生的职业价值观现状出发,论述了职业价值观及其在职业教育中的重要作用,讨论了对学生职业价值观进行评价的功能,提出了对职业院校学生职业价值观进行评价的七个主要观测点,对职业院校开展职业价值观教育评价,起到从观念层面到操作层面的引领与支撑作用。     

College effects on occupational status attainment

This study represents a further examination of the relative importance of social origin and educational measures in the occupational status attainment of former college students. The study is longitudinal and is based on a causal model that incorporates multiple measures of students' precollege characteristics, the undergraduate institutions they attended, and their performance and experiences within these institutions. Separate analyses were performed for those employed in professional and nonprofessional occupations. The results suggest a basic distinction between the characteristics of undergraduate institutions and students' performance and experiences within those institutions that are most influential in the occupational status attainment process for those employed in professional and nonprofessional positions. Occupational status attainment in professional careers appears to be influenced more by cognitive attributes of the college attended and the students' educational performance, whereas the attainment process in nonprofessional careers appears to be influenced more by affective attributes of the collegiate experience.     

高校毕业生保留工资影响因素的实证分析

本文根据北京大学课题组于2007年6月在全国范围内的一项高校毕业生就业调查数据,借鉴国际上已有的相关实证发现,系统考察了高校毕业生保留工资的影响因素.实证结果发现,性别、年龄、生源地、家庭收入、学历层次、学校质量或者声誉以及学业成绩都是高校毕业生保留工资的显著影响因素.在前人研究的基础上,本研究还通过引入私人社会资本和组织社会资本的概念来分析它们对于保留工资的影响.实证结果发现毕业生的私人社会资本对于他们的保留工资有着负的显著影响,而通过校园生活积累的组织社会资本对他们的保留工资却有着正的显著影响.