办好选煤年评活动 推动选煤科技进步

选煤年评学术活动(以下简称选煤年评)，是由中国煤炭学会选煤专业委员会组织知名专家、学者或青年科技骨干，每两、三年对国内外选煤技术最新发展动向进行综合性专题评述，出版选煤年评论文集，召开全国选煤年评学术报告会。首届全国选煤年评学术活动已于2003年12月举办成功。     

对老科协开展“高职补评”工作的思考

老科协系统开展高级专业技术职称补评工作从2000年算起已届十年。这项由中国老科协同仁以百折不挠的勇气和信心去感动中央职能部门领导,为在职时未能获评高级职称的老科技工作者争取到高职补评的权利,对老科技工作者     

中国科技评价研究态势与推进策略

【目的/意义】分析30年来我国科技评价研究态势,对相关学者把握科技评价研究前沿、更好地从事科技评 价研究工作有着重要的理论和现实意义。【方法/过程】基于数据定量加工和主题定性判断与选择,从文献计量学角 度,利用知识图谱工具,对CNKI数据库收录的30年来我国科技评价研究论文题录数据和读秀数据库收录的170本 著作进行了分析。【结果/结论】30年来科技评价研究取得了丰硕成果,但由于我国科技评价研究工作起步较晚,评 价研究依旧存在很多不足。文章提出加强科技评价理论方法的研究和创新、加强科技评价立法工作、完善学科分 类和指标差异化的科技评价体系、大力发展第三方科技评价机构、加强科技评价队伍建设等方面的科技评价推进 策略。     

2011年,大科技送豪礼了!

凡到邮局购买《大科技·科学之谜》或《大科技·百科新说》杂志1年以上(含1年)的读者,将邮局的回执单复印件和杂志评刊表一同寄到我社,就可以参与我社每季度一     

辅助新颖性评估的科技论文评述画像构建方法

[目的/意义]针对海量科技文献新颖性评估需求,从科技论文研究问题与方法视角出发,利用科技论文摘要与相关引文文本,构建科技论文的评述画像,用于辅助科技论文新颖性评估。[方法/过程]提出一种综合“自评+他评”内容的科技论文评述画像方法。该方法基于期刊论文结构化摘要文本解析问题和方法等句子,以单篇期刊论文为目标文献,将施引文献中引文句子作为引文数据集并分类后,可视化呈现科技论文的自评和他评内容。目前科技论文评述画像分为两种：一是按照引用问题与方法等分类并可视化,二是按照自引他引及情感分析进行分类可视化。[结论/结果]构建的科技论文评述画像能够从论文作者与引文作者的双重视角综合展示目标论文的研究成果,结合自引他引及情感分析信息可有效辅助科技论文新颖性评估。     

区域企业集聚科技创新要素水平及集聚效益评价研究

通过分析科技创新要素的内涵及分类特征和科技创新要素企业转移的系统机理,建立企业集聚科技创新要素水平评价指标体系与集聚效益评价指标体系,运用基于相对熵原理的组合赋权法综合评价江苏13市大中型工业企业集聚科技创新要素的水平和集聚效益,分析二者评价值及评价值对比关系并提出改善区域企业集聚科技创新要素状况的对策。     

基于地方主管部门的高校科技工作评估研究

文章从地方主管部门的角度,本着以评促建、以评促管的目的,拟从高校科技工作的规划及政策、组织及管理、条件及基础、活动及规模四个方面对河北省高校科技工作进行全面、系统的评估,以期能充分发挥评估的导向作用,通过评估促使各高校加强科技工作各方面的建设,提高科技管理水平。     

科技奖励在中国

新中国成立五十多年来,随着我国社会发展和科学技术的进步,科技奖励制度成为我国长期坚持的一项重要政策和制度。 1955年,国务院发布《中国科学院科学奖金的暂行条例》。1957年1月,对科学奖进行了首次评     

深化“三评”改革背景下重大科技项目科技评审机制研究

“三评”改革对项目评审、人才评价、机构评估工作提出了针对性的改革举措，极大推动了科技评价机制的科学发展。在“三评”改革的新要求背景下，本文以重大科技项目科技为例，深入研究了重大科技项目科技评审机制构建。研究认为，当前在科技评审中仍存在专家遴选制度仍待完善、评审标准不合理、对评审专家全程监督不足等问题。基于此，本文引进了责任清单制，基于责任清单制视角，提出了未来应从完善科技评审机制、严格规范专家遴选制度、完善科技评审指标体系、提高评审队伍建设和组织水平等四个层面来完善重大科技专项评审机制。     

基于层次分析法的广东省企业科技特派员实施效果评价研究

运用层次分析法建立广东省企业科技特派员实施效果评价体系,从定量的角度丰富科技特派员实施效果评价方法。通过实证分析提出建议:应完善企业科技特派员的引进机制、重视企业特派员的科技创新辐射能力、进一步完善企业科技特派员的评价机制,以评促建。     

Structuring fragmented knowledge: a case study

When the need to record and track the point of view of different actors in organizational processes becomes a key point for decision makers, a common representation of knowledge from different perspectives and a map of the situation and the decision and action needs could be useful. A methodology that easily and transparently integrates different ‘soft’ and ‘hard’ tools in a common knowledge structuring approach is proposed to deal with complexities and uncertainties in a socio-technical contest. The purpose of this paper is to show the potentialities of this methodology in a real case, in terms of organizational knowledge acquisition and structuring in a multi-actor public context, a university faculty, in relation to a radical change.     

Projects as communicating systems: Creating a culture of innovation and performance

Although often downplayed and instrumental, there is evidence that communication in projects is essential in achieving value creation. Our main interest in this paper is on temporary continuity, a situation where the temporary becomes a permanent condition in social systems. The question that we have address is: What characterizes project communication in a situation with temporary continuity?We argue for the need to transform communication processes into communication capabilities. In a situation with temporary continuity, there is a need to connect to a large number of value-creating processes, and communicating capabilities need to be a part of a communication system, where the aim is to bind together value-creating processes and communication capabilities. We construct a viable system consisting of five sub-systems. To become a viable system, projects in the form of temporary continuity, must handle the potential conflict between a culture of performance and a culture of innovation. This involves developing social mechanisms for coordination and interaction, with a focus on developing communication capabilities, in parallel with focusing on all of the five value-creation processes.     

科学活动中心形成的综合环境与中国科学的未来

重大社会历史事件是一个国家在一定时期的政治、经济和文化状况的综合反映。只有这些事件的意义超越了国度,处于人类社会和人类文明发展的主流,并且成为整个人类近现代史的里程碑,才成为发生这些事件的国家进入科学活动中心的前导。近百年来,我国在政治、经济和文化诸方面都经历了历史上最急剧的变革。但是,这些变革基本上都属于追赶世界文明主流性质的,除了特殊的国度因素之外,在性质上还谈不上构成影响人类历史主流的里程碑。１９７８年以来我国进行的社会改革实践,如果能够发展成为在性质上影响世界并且标志人类历史主流进程的里程碑,则中国进入世界科学活动中心才有一定的可能性     

图书馆智慧服务的概念、内涵与分析

智慧是图书馆存在与发展的一个非常重要的现象与属性,图书馆智慧,简而言之就是图书馆人在图书馆的历史与当代的实践中,对图书馆现象的认识、理解和把握,是从图书馆实践中抽取,高于图书馆实践又应用于图书馆实践的一种图书馆人的能力与素质的综合体现。图书馆智慧服务是图书馆人对读者工作的一种积极进取的自主选择,是图书馆在信息化时代读者服务的一种或多种新理念、新能力与新服务方式。图书馆智慧服务主要有智能性的图书馆智慧服务、知识性的图书馆智慧服务和理念性的图书馆智慧服务等3种概念及内涵。智能性的图书馆智慧服务实质上是图书馆的一种技术智慧,知识性的图书馆智慧服务实质上是图书馆的一种学问智慧,而理念性的图书馆智慧服务实质上是图书馆的一种人文智慧。     

气候变化和人类活动对湟水河流域径流量影响的定量评估

湟水河是西北干旱区重要河流之一,对维持西北干旱区生态平衡具有极其重要的作用。近年来,湟水河流域水资源减少已经引起了严重的生态环境问题,本文根据流域内1966-2010年水文气象数据,采用累积距平法、累积量斜率变化率法,对湟水河流域径流量和气候变化特征及趋势进行了分析,并定量评估了气候变化和人类活动对径流量变化的影响。结果表明:年降水量、蒸散发量和径流量总体均呈减少趋势;径流量的下降变幅为0.1亿m3/10a,具有4a、9a和20a的准周期变化,且在1987年前后发生了突变;气候变化对湟水河流域径流减少的贡献率达35.46%,人类活动改变了部分水循环的路径,对径流的减少起主导作用,贡献率为64.54%。     

Lipoprotein(a) in Children of Asian Indian Descendants and Their Caucasian Neighbors: The Slovak Lipid Community Study

To elucidate a higher rate of premature cardiovascular disease (CVD) in Asian Indian descendants (Roma) in Slovakia, we investigated frequency distribution, correlates and relationship of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] to family CVD risk factors in Roma children and their Caucasian neighbors. The study sample consisted of 607 healthy children aged 7–18 years (55% Roma, 48% male) as part of the biracial (Roma–Caucasian) Slovak Lipid Community Study. Overall, frequency distribution data of Lp(a) were highly skewed to low concentrations, with markedly higher Lp(a) levels in Roma than in Caucasian children (median and range, mg/dL: 14.5; 0–159.2 vs 6.2; 0–112.3, P < 0.001), regardless of age and gender. Lp(a) was positively correlated with apo B (0.159, P = 0.004) in Roma, and LDL cholesterol (0.170, P = 0.005) in Caucasian children. In addition, daily income of the family was negatively related with Lp(a) in Roma (−0.134, P = 0.036) while positively in Caucasians (0.136, P = 0.047). For both race groups, no significant association was found between Lp(a) and age, body mass index, mean arterial pressure, smoking, and physical activity. Also, no significant relationships were examined between serum Lp(a) levels >30 mg/dL in children and family CVD risk factors, except for diabetes mellitus in parents of Caucasian origin (OR 4.46; 95%CI: 1.23–16.20). In a multivariate analysis, daily income, LDL cholesterol or apo B explained ~7% of the variance of Lp(a). This study suggests a significantly higher serum Lp(a) levels in Roma than in Caucasian children and a small effect, in general, of relevant CVD risk factors on the variation of Lp(a) levels in childhood.     

Computer-aided searching of bibliographic data bases: Online estimation of the value of information

The study presents and synthesizes the results of a series of five experiments on human information-seeking behavior in three different information-seeking environments. The first three experiments utilized a highly-controlled, simulated information-seeking task developed to study human search strategies in citation networks. Emphasis in the fourth and fifth experiments was placed on assessing the value of information for humans in realistic search environments. Subjects search on a topic of their own choice in a data base of fiction in Experiment Four and a data base of technical literature in Experiment Five. After summarizing the experimental results, a conceptual model of how humans value information is presented. The model is then used as a basis for a broad interpretation of the empirical results. Implications of both the empirical and modeling results are considered for the areas of information retrieval logic, system flexibility, retrieval methods, types of aiding, online estimation of information value, and computerizing versus computer-aiding.     

1960年至2007年汾河流域气温年际和季节性变化特征分析

运用线性倾向分析、滑动平均法、Mann-Kendall法等数理分析方法,对山西省汾河流域19个气象站1960年-2007年的逐月气温资料进行了分析。研究表明:自1960年以来,汾河流域年平均气温、平均最高和最低气温均呈波动变化趋势,并有升高趋势,递增率分别为0.32℃/10a、0.13℃/10a和0.50℃/10a。同时,气温年较差呈减小趋势,近48年的气温年较差递减率为0.37℃/10a。此外,年平均气温、平均最高和最低气温发生趋暖突变的时间分别是1993年、1996年、1981年,且近15年是流域年平均气温发生上升的主要时段。气候趋暖还表现出在冬季气温的递增速率最大的特点。流域南北年均气温变化的区域差异并不是很明显,但就各区域的季节变化而言,春冬两季的年均气温变化则表现出明显的区域差异。     

1961年～2004年东北地区四季降水的时空演变特征

利用Anusplin插值软件对东北地区146站1961年～2004年四季降水量进行空间化处理,各季区域平均MRE分别为春季14.3%、夏季14.1%;秋季18.1%;冬季25.1%。对栅格数据采用空间分析和时间序列分析相结合的方法进行四季降水时空演变特征分析,结果表明：从时间上看,春季,整个时段呈弱增多趋势,但不显著,1980年代前增加,之后减少;夏季呈减少趋势,1985以后呈显著减少趋势;秋季整个时段呈弱的减少趋势,1990年代开始显著减少,2000年以后略有增加;冬季年代际变化特征明显,呈波动增多趋势,近10年增幅较大。从空间分布上看,春季,黑龙江北部和东部部分地区、吉林东部降水显著增多,增幅为(3～9)mm/10年,辽宁中部部分地区降水显著减少,减幅为(3～7)mm/10年。夏季,东北大部地区降水以减少为主,黑龙江中部和辽东半岛地区显著减少,减幅为(20～40)mm/10年。秋季,东北大部地区降水减少,黑龙江东部局部、吉林中部和南部部分地区显著减少,减幅为(6～10)mm/10年。冬季,黑龙江大部、吉林大部降水显著增多,增幅为(1～3)mm/10年,辽宁南部和西部部分地区显著减少,减幅为(1～2)mm/10年。     

Enhancing children’s activity in browsing/reading together by the installation of the BrowsReader in the children’s room of a library

Reading together draws much attention as a societal concern for children not only to yield emotional reaction but also to gradually advance intellectual thinking. We here aim to build a new environment, in which children’s browsing and reading of picture books together with families and/or friends is steadily enhanced, by installing the BrowsReader in the children’s room of a public library or a kindergarten. The original BrowsReader was a system to assist children in finding and reading picture books. The children, by gathering around the BrowsReader, can browse picture books and then choose and read a book by flipping pages on it. After reproducing each printed, digitized or web picture book as a surrogate picture book consisting of the front-cover image followed by the page images, we first introduce two basic notions: (i) an abstracted bookshelf, which presents the front-cover images of the surrogate picture books in the form where all are linearly arranged, with some of the images bundled in places, and (ii) a unified view, which presents each page of any surrogate picture book in a form that seems like a printed picture book’s page. We then specify, based on these notions, the improved version of the BrowsReader which can be installed in each children’s room so that children together with families and/or friends can easily browse a large number of surrogate picture books as if they are browsing in the physical bookshelves of the children’s room, and can read a wide variety of surrogate picture books as if they are reading ordinary printed picture books on a table. The improvement was carried out in a step by step process based on feedback and results from case studies, and its effects were clarified by seeing whether, in a new environment, the children’s activity in browsing/reading together were steadily enhanced when using the BrowsReader.