国家助学贷款的政策分析

国家助学贷款是一种补偿性贷款 ,是一种政策性贷款 ,是一个政府与银行共同承担了贷款风险的困境决策贷款。     

国家助学贷款还款违约分析与政策思考

近年来国家助学贷款得到迅猛发展,在“奖、贷、助、补、减”等方式组成的资助体系中,已经起到了1／3强的作用。但国家助学贷款发放和回收存在着潜在的危机,国家关于助学贷款理论研究滞后、政府和高校对国家助学贷款实际操作研究滞后是关键所在。加强国家助学贷款政策研究,完善信用系统;构建全方位的学生资助体系,增强学生还款能力;搭建助学贷款信息化交流平台,提高管理效能是国家助学贷款持续发展的有力保证。     

我国国家助学贷款制度的困境与出路分析

我国国家助学贷款制度自实施以来经历了若干阶段,对帮助经济困难学生完成学业确实发挥了巨大作用。但同时,由于助学贷款制度在制度设计方面存在一定的缺陷,实际运行结果并不十分令人满意。本文在对助学贷款从发放到回收过程中存在的问题进行分析的基础上,提出改革现行国家助学贷款制度的基本思路,以协调区分好政府、银行、高校以及学生之间的责任义务关系为核心,各相关利益主体各司其职为关键,使这四个利益相关者能根据自身运行规律有所作为,以期推动国家助学贷款制度的良性运行。     

我国国家助学贷款制度的困境与出路分析

我国国家助学贷款制度自实施以来经历了若干阶段，对帮助经济困难学生完成学业确实发挥了巨大作用。但同时，由于助学贷款制度在制度设计方面存在一定的缺陷，实际运行结果并不十分令人满意。本文在对助学贷款从发放到回收过程中存在的问题进行分析的基础上，提出改革现行国家助学贷款制度的基本思路，以协调区分好政府、银行、高校以及学生之间的责任义务关系为核心，各相关利益主体各司其职为关键，使这四个利益相关者能根据自身运行规律有所作为．以期推动国家助学贷款制度的良性运行。     

国家助学贷款政策执行梗阻探析

国家助学贷款政策是高等教育的救助手段之一。由于政策方案规划不科学、政策主体利益追求不同、政策主体沟通缺乏、个人信用制度缺失和权威资源缺乏等原因,国家助学贷款政策在执行过程中出现了梗阻现象,导致国家助学贷款政策效果不佳。为了消解国家助学贷款政策执行的梗阻现象,政府应该建立国家助学贷款信用担保体系和个人信用制度体系,制定助学贷款法,大力进行政策宣传,加强目标群体对于政策的认知。     

生源地信用助学贷款政策给国家助学贷款带来的可能影响

2007年5月中央政府出台新的高校学生资助政策,把生源地助学贷款纳入国家助学贷款体系试点推广。校园地和生源地助学贷款的互相替代政策会改变贷后管理主体,给校园地和生源地助学贷款市场带来大的波动,进而影响整个国家助学贷款体系的稳定。应由当地信用社负责生源地信用助学贷款的贷后管理,高校参与协助监督;谨慎变动两种助学贷款条款,促进助学贷款市场整体稳健发展。     

国家调整助学贷款政策

国务院日前转发了教育部、财政部、中国人民银行、银监会等四部门联合制订的《关于进一步完善国家助学贷款工作的若干意见》。《意见》从贷款政策、实施机制、风险防范与补偿机制等方面对国家助学贷款工作进行了调整和完善。     

高校国家助学贷款存在的问题及对策

高校国家助学贷款的实施，使高校贫困大学生顺利完成学业有了基本的保障，但目前还存在社会认识不足，缺乏必要的风险防范措施以及政策不健全不完善等问题。因此，必须加强舆论宣传，搞好政策导向，采取相应措施，激发银行积极性，健全和完善有关政策，使其健康发展。     

推行生源地助学贷款制度 完善国家助学贷款政策

发放国家助学贷款，是确保我国高等教育持续、健康发展的一项重大措施，是社会主义市场经济体制下助学方式的一种新探索，符合广大贫网学生的根本利益。白1999年推行国家助学贷款政策以来，已有许多贫困生借此圆了大学梦。国家助学贷款政策已产生了良好的社会效益。但是，作为一种新生事物，国家助学贷款在制度设计和实际运作上还存在很多不足，其有效供给和贫困生群体实际需求之间还存在不小差距。如何建立一套体制较为完备、运转高效的国家助学贷款政策体系，关系到教育机会均等和公平原则的实现。     

国家助学贷款的现状和对策

国家助学贷款在帮助众多贫困大学生顺利完成学业方面发挥了重要的作用。但是在具体的操作中,这项利国惠民政策的实施并不顺利。本文分析了商业银行在执行政策性项目与商业性项目运作之间存在矛盾的金融性原因,期望在市场经济规律的原则下,从改善现有方法的角度提出几点对策。     

国家助学贷款制度功能的多元分析

从经济学、社会学和教育学的角度看,我国助学贷款制度的功能在于提高资源利用率、促进社会公平和提高高等教育质量,因此,应该克服面临的诸多困难,坚定不移地实施国家助学贷款制度。     

研究生学费定价与资助政策

研究生教育应当收取学费,学费定价与资助政策应建立在研究生教育是私人产品的基础上,学费是学校根据学生对研究生教育的需求以及劳动力市场需求所确定的市场化价格。研究生学费定价与资助政策应同时考虑以下因素:(1)基础研究是典型的纯公共产品,应用研究有更多的私人产品的属性。(2)研究生教育所颁授学位分为学术性与职业性学位两类。(3)不同的研究生教育方式具有不同的成本特点,教育过程可以明确划分为以课堂教学为主和以研究为主两个阶段。(4)国防研究生教育属于典型的纯公共产品,国防领域的研究与发展以及高级军事人才的培养属于纯公共产品范畴。(5)财政经费给予研究生资助的主要性质应当是研究生工作的工资。这一理论可称为多因素市场决定论。     

The impact of aid on education policy in India

In the early 1990s, large numbers of children in India remained out of school. International commitments to achieve education for all (EFA) globally meant that India was an important case for donors. India was pressed to accept aid for primary education, and agreed with some reluctance. Although subsequent donor involvement was substantial and influenced aspects of both policy implementation and management, it is shown that Indian education policy priorities remained self-determined. The Government of India – though falling short of securing universal education for its children – succeeded in using external resources and expertise in ways which suited its own purposes, whilst minimising external impact on policy development. The politics and economics of this process are discussed.     

National higher education policy and the development of generic skills

This article explores the contribution of higher education to the development of numeracy and literacy competencies. To control for other post-schooling determinants of generic skills, the analysis is confined to adults aged 20–24 years who have completed or who are enrolled in tertiary studies. The quality of incoming students is controlled for by estimating the average PISA score attributable to this cohort using a truncated distribution approach. Average tertiary competencies are obtained for 31 countries from the OECD’s Programme for the Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). The empirical findings are that the PISA scores account for most (70 per cent) of the international variation in PIAAC scores. Government expenditure on higher education is found to exert a small positive effect on PIAAC scores, at least for numeracy. The level of national research activity, as measured by research publications, has a small negative effect on PIAAC scores     

欧洲高等教育收费及资助政策比较研究——以欧洲九国为例

对学生的资助一直是欧洲各国高等教育政策的重要内容。近年来主要欧洲国家在高等教育收费和学生资助政策上推行了一些改革措施,文章通过对九个欧洲国家近期高等教育收费和资助政策的综合比较,分析高等教育费用对学生入学的影响,归纳欧洲高等教育学生资助政策的主要特点,并对这些政策背后的高等教育公平理念进行探讨。     

The impact of federal financial aid policy upon higher education access

This article reviews the history of financial aid policy from the Higher Education Act of 1965 to its reauthorisation in 1992 and the subsequent ramifications upon African-American students. It considers issues of race and class with regard to college access. This work concludes with a look at contemporary aid, as well as offers race- and class-conscious financial aid by increasing college affordability to low-income students, as potential solutions to broadening educational access to Black Americans.     

Adult higher education in the Netherlands: National policy and local practice

Policy papers published by the Ministry of Education and Science in the Netherlands show that the government is strongly interested in the concept of recurrent education. One possible way of implementing this idea is through university level evening programs. In the Social Science Faculty of the Erasmus University in Rotterdam the evening program in sociology (which was established through the institution's own initiative) has recently taken on an institutionalized character. This article reports the results of research on the first year's experience of the day and evening students who began their studies in 1974. Attention is devoted to evening student recruitment, motives to take up university study and sociology in particular, minimum conditions within the institution's infrastructure, the curriculum and output. University evening education in general is also discussed and some policy conclusions are formulated regarding the realization of university evening education in the Netherlands.Translation: Drs. Ray Jurkovich.     

职业教育面临的困境和出路

在改革开放的推动下,职业教育虽然有了长足发展,但是随着高校扩招、普高升温,职业学校陷入生源严重萎缩、生源质量下滑的发展瓶颈。职业教育只有不断深化改革,从自身寻找突破口,打造自己的办学特色,增强职业教育的市场竞争力,以市场需求为导向、以质量求生存,才能走出困境。     

Funding higher education and wage uncertainty: Income contingent loan versus mortgage loan

We propose a simple theoretical model which shows how the combined effect of wage uncertainty and risk aversion can modify the individual willingness to pay for a HE system financed by an ICL or a ML. We calibrate our model using real data from the 1970 British Cohort Survey together with the features of the English HE financing system. We allow for individual heterogeneity by considering different family backgrounds and occupations. We find that graduates from poor families, males and graduates working in the private sector are more willing to pay to switch to an ICL. Using the UK Labour Force Survey we evaluate the distributive effects of our model. We compute the repayment burdens and taxpayer subsidies for average, low and high earnings graduates. The results confirm the important insurance benefits of an ICL compared to a ML, with lower burdens and higher subsidies for poorer graduates.