Perceived learning environment and students' emotional experiences: A multilevel analysis of mathematics classrooms

A multilevel approach was used to analyse relationships between perceived classroom environments and emotions in mathematics. Based on Pekrun's (2000) [A social-cognitive, control-value theory of achievement emotions. In J. Heckhausen (Ed.), Motivational psychology of human development (pp. 143–163)] social-cognitive, control-value theory of achievement emotions, we hypothesized that environmental characteristics conveying control and value to the students would be related to their experience of enjoyment, anxiety, anger, and boredom in mathematics. Multilevel modelling of data from 1623 students from 69 classes (grades 5–10) confirmed close relationships between environmental variables and emotional experiences that functioned predominantly at the individual level. Compositional effects further revealed that classes' aggregate environment perceptions as well as their compositions in terms of aggregate achievement and gender ratio were additionally linked to students' emotions in mathematics. Methodological and practical implications of the findings are discussed.     

A situational study of the meanings of personal excellence for secondary mathematics teachers and students

Excellence in education has become the watchword in the past decade. This paper describes aspects of research conducted with two secondary mathematics teachers and seven senior students, which explored their perceptions of mathematics as they have experienced it, and their beliefs about personal excellence in school mathematics. Three categories of excellent students are described as identified by the participants. While the teachers endeavoured to extend the meaning of excellence beyond test achievement alone, the system within which they function largely supports a technical (excellence as marks) conception of education. I argue that this has led teachers and students to a restricted view of the potential for excellence in the secondary mathematics classroom. In particular, it limits the possibility for a strong understanding of personal excellence as an inseparable intellectual and moral journey of becoming, fostered in the environment of a genuine community of mathematics learners.An earlier draft of this paper was presented at the Canadian Society for the Study of Education Annual Meeting, Carleton University, June 10, 1993.     

An investigation of the influence of emotional factors on learning in physics instruction

In a study of learning processes in 24 eighth grade physics classrooms in Germany, data were collected in respect to cognitive variables (prior knowledge, learning outcomes, use of learning strategies), cognitive-emotional variables (self-concept, interest), as well as emotional variables (anxiety, boredom, sense of well-being). Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used. Interest and emotional factors are further differentiated into situation-related and habitual (most likely biographically determined) components. In constructing the teaching unit (basic electricity) a learning oriented knowledge acquisition phase was followed by a more achievement oriented practice phase. Analysis shows that positive emotions are more important in the acquisition phase than in the practice phase. Anxieties play an ambiguous role in the practice phase. Additionally, the results provide indications that joy about learning in particular, and also interest are frequently linked to successful learning processes, and not merely to the nature of the subject matter.     

A personal connection: Promoting positive attitudes towards teaching and learning

Students' attitudes towards teaching and learning must be addressed with the same seriousness and effort as we address content. Establishing a personal connection and addressing our students' basic psychological needs will produce positive attitudes towards teaching and learning and develop life‐long learners. It will also promote constructive student‐teacher relationships that have a profound influence on our students' approach towards school. To begin this process, consider the major tenets of the Self‐Determination Theory. The Self‐Determination Theory of human motivation focuses on our students' innate psychological needs and the degree to which an individual's behavior is self‐motivated and self‐determined. Faculty can satisfy the innate psychological needs by addressing our students' desire for relatedness, competence and autonomy. Relatedness refers to our students' need to feel connected to others, to be a member of a group, to have a sense of communion and to develop close relationships with others. Competence is believing our students can succeed_, challenging them to do so and imparting that belief in them. Autonomy involves considering the perspectives of the student and providing relevant information and opportunities for student choice and initiating and regulating their own behaviors. Establishing a personal connection and addressing our students' basic psychological needs will improve our teaching, inspire and engage our students and promote positive attitudes towards teaching and learning while reducing competition and increasing compassion. These are important goals because unless students are inspired and motivated and have positive attitudes towards teaching and learning our efforts will fail to meet their full potential. Anat Sci Educ 10: 503–507. © 2017 American Association of Anatomists.     

论自我效能感对数学学习的影响

根据自我效能理论，从数学学习的增生阶段、融会贯通阶段及学习的动机，自我调节、自我监控等方面阐述了自我效能感对数学学习过程的影响，并提出了一些提高学生自我效能感的方法。     

Affective and motivational factors of learning in online mathematics courses

We investigated what factors would be related to students' achievement in mathematics courses offered at a virtual high school. This was an attempt to understand why some succeed and some do not as well as to suggest what should be done to help with student success. Seventy‐two students responded to a self‐report survey on motivation (ie, self‐efficacy, intrinsic value), mathematics achievement emotions (ie, anxiety, anger, shame, hopelessness, boredom, enjoyment, pride), and cognitive processes (ie, cognitive strategy use, self‐regulation). A three‐step hierarchical multivariate regression was employed to examine which of the factors predict student achievement. Results showed that motivation accounted for approximately 13% of the variance in student achievement and self‐efficacy was the significant individual predictor of student achievement. However, when achievement emotions were added to the analysis, self‐efficacy failed to predict student achievement and emotions accounted for 37% of the variance in student achievement. Cognitive strategy use and self‐regulation did not explain any additional variance in the final scores. Findings are discussed and implications for future research and development are also suggested.     

论钢琴学习中情感因素重要性

在钢琴学习中,情感的融入包括在练习过程中,演奏过程中,对乐曲的认识过程中等等。对情感的准确把握可以非常有效提高练琴效率,用自身的情感和求知欲对乐曲进行分析、理解和认识,才能恰到好处的把技巧和情感在演奏过程中完美的融合。钢琴学习的每一个过程和步骤都离不开情感。     

浅析情景教学对高中数学教学的积极影响

情境教学作为近年来教育界比较推崇的教学方法之一,在实际教学中,展现出它独有的特点和优势。在新课改的大形势之下,高中数学教学也在寻求突破和改变,打破以前死板的教学方法,培养学生的数学思维。本文就以盘县职业技术学校高中数学为例,分析数学教学现状分析,阐述情境教学对高中数学教学的积极影响。     

The effects of personal and situational factors on university administrators' responses to sexual harassment

The present study was designed to assess how managerial personnel respond to various sexual harassment scenarios. Much of the sexual harassment research has utilized samples other than managerial personnel. Therefore, this study attempts to determine whether the findings in the literature generalize to a managerial sample. University administrators' responses to sexual harassment scenarios were assessed, with type of harassment (economic injury, hostile environment, or no harassment) and offender's status (supervisor or co-worker) being varied. Analyses revealed a lack of predicted sex differences in perceptions and definitions of sexual harassment and unanticipated sex differences in complaint handling and belief in sexual harassment myths. There were no offender status effects. The significant type of harassment effects was present for complaint handling, familiarity, and situation perceptions. In all cases, the respondents who received the “no harassment” scenario differed in their responses from the participants who had received one of the two harassment scenarios.     

School experiences influence personal health and interpersonal relationships of adolescents: The Canadian case

Canadian data from the 1998 Cross-National Survey on Health Behaviors in School-Aged Children were analyzed to examine the effects of school experiences on personal health (physical health, mental health, self-esteem, helplessness, and body image) and interpersonal relationships (number of close friends and making friends) among adolescents. Hierarchical linear models with students nested within schools highlighted that both physical and mental health and self-esteem declined among Canadian adolescents across grade levels (Grades 6 – 10). Canadian adolescents also showed substantially increasing concerns about their body image. No health concern was found about feeling helpless and interpersonal relationship. The most important school effects pertained to parent behaviors at the school level with child-parent relationship being important to physical and mental health and parental involvement being important to self-perception (self-esteem, helplessness, and body image) and interpersonal relationship.     

ACEs and counter-ACEs: How positive and negative childhood experiences influence adult health

BackgroundNumerous studies over the past two decades have found a link between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and worse adult health outcomes. Less well understood is how advantageous childhood experiences (counter-ACEs) may lead to better adult health, especially in the presence of adversity.ObjectiveTo examine how counter-ACEs and ACEs affect adult physical and mental health using Resiliency Theory as the theoretical framework.Participants and settingParticipants were Amazon mTurk users ages 19–57 years (N = 246; 42% female) who completed an online survey.MethodsWe conducted a series of regression analyses to examine how counter-ACEs and ACEs predicted adult health.ResultsCorresponding to the Compensatory Model of Resiliency Theory, higher counter-ACEs scores were associated with improved adult health and that counter-ACEs neutralized the negative impact of ACEs on adult health. Contrary to the Protective Factors Model, there was a stronger relationship between ACEs and worse adult health among those with above average counter-ACEs scores compared to those with below average counter-ACEs scores. Consistent with the Challenge Model, counter-ACEs had a reduced positive effect on adult health among those with four or more ACEs compared to those with fewer than four ACEs.ConclusionsOverall, the findings suggest that counter-ACEs protect against poor adult health and lead to better adult wellness. When ACEs scores are moderate, counter-ACEs largely neutralize the negative effects of ACEs on adult health. Ultimately, the results demonstrate that a public health approach to promoting positive childhood experiences may promote better lifelong health.     

情感因素对二语习得的影响

在二语习得的过程中,情感因素和认知因素并不是两个对立的因素,它们亦都无法独立影响语言学习。情感因素在语言习得的过程中作用颇重。积极的情感因素会使语言认知系统处理最佳状态,起到激智作用。因此,关注语言学习中的情感因素能够使语言学习更加有效。本文着重从情感因素的四大方面进行了分析很阐述。     

Improving mathematics teaching and learning experiences for hard of hearing students with wireless technology-enhanced classrooms

Hard of hearing students usually face more difficulties at school than other students. A classroom environment with wireless technology was implemented to explore whether wireless technology could enhance mathematics learning and teaching activities for a hearing teacher and her 7 hard of hearing students in a Taiwan junior high school. Experiments showed that the highly interactive communication through the wireless network increased student participation in learning activities. Students demonstrated more responses to the teacher and fewer distraction behaviors. Fewer mistakes were made in in-class course work because Tablet PCs provided students scaffolds. Students stated that the environment with wireless technology was desirable and said that they hoped to continue using the environment to learn mathematics.     

Learning mathematics and learning to teach: Learning cycles in mathematics teacher education

The reconceptualization of mathematics teacher education based on current mathematics education reform efforts necessitates the elaboration of theoretical frameworks to guide both the practice of and research on teacher education. The author presents a framework which has been useful in shaping two major mathematics teacher education research and development projects. This framework for mathematics teacher learning builds recursively on a framework for mathematics learning which derives from a social constructivist view of learning and incorporates aspects of French didactical theory using the organizing structure of the Karplus Learning Cycle. The framework can be used to think about the content and organization of a particular lesson or of an entire course or program for teachers. Further, it describes the interconnection between different domains of teacher knowledge.     

影响高职院校工科类大学生学习高等数学的心理因素及其对策

当前，高职院校工科类大学生不同程度地存在数学学习焦虑现象。产生这一现象的心理因素主要有：学生学习兴趣、态度与主动性，思维定势与认知迁移，学习意志与习惯及学生的数学基础和教师的品质特性。教学中，消除学生的学习焦虑，首先要激发学生的学习兴趣，增强学生的信心，帮助学生正确认识思维定势，形成良好的学习品质。     

情境教学在小学数学教育中的应用研究

数学新课程的教学设计尤其注重充分发挥学生的主体作用,这就要求教师要在教学中设计合适的教学情境和教学条件,充分调动学生的学习热情和动力,引导学生主动参与到教学之中。本文以情境教学在小学数学教学中作用、实现情境教学的方法和应注意事项为重点,对情境教学在小学数学教育中的应用开展了较为详细的研究。     

中职教育数学教学中的问题情境创设。

教学情境是教师为了发展学生的心理机能,通过调动“情商”来增强教学效果,而有目的创设的教学环境．数学问题情境的创设,旨在让学生更多地参与思考、发现及创造的主动学习过程．教师应根据数学教学内容和学生生活实际创设问题情境,引导学生思考讨论,寻找解决方法,完成相关知识的学习,使学生在创造中体会数学知识的基本思想方法及精神实质,增强自信,培养能力．     

The effect of cooperative and individualistic learning experiences on positive and negative cross-handicap relationships

The effects of cooperative and individualistic learning contingencies on interpersonal attraction, social acceptability, and self-esteem between handicapped and nonhandicapped fourth-grade students were tracked and compared. Sixty-nine students were assigned to conditions on a stratified random basis controlling for handicap, sex, and age. They participated in the study for 45 min a day for 54 instructional days during science class. Nonhandicapped peer ratings of the social acceptability of each handicapped student and several attitude measures were obtained four separate times at 18-day intervals. The results indicate that continued use of cooperative learning contingencies promote positive growth in interpersonal attraction, social acceptability, and self-esteem between handicapped and nonhandicapped students. The results also indicate that when cooperative learning contingencies are replaced with individualized learning contingencies, decay in the above-mentioned variables occurs.