技术转移对四川省经济增长的影响

技术转移与经济增长之间存在长期稳定的均衡关系,经济增长推动了技术转移,技术转移与经济增长之 间具有明显的相互促进作用,二者之间呈相互依赖生存关系。 本文将四川省国内生产总值（GDP）为被解释变量,将四 川省的资本投资量、人力资本投入量、外商在本地的直接投资、技术吸纳金额以及国外的技术引进作为解释变量,以 此综合代表四川省的技术转移对四川省经济增长的影响。结果表明四川省技术转移与经济增长之间存在长期稳定的均 衡关系,经济增长推动了四川省的技术转移。     

印度独立后新闻自由政策的转折点

大家族财团控制着印度的报刊,政府与这些财团之间的矛盾主要表现为政府与财团报刊的冲突。英·甘地时期这种冲突逐渐加剧,在1975年的紧急时期达到顶点,英·甘地政府实行严格的新闻检查,压制新闻自由。紧急状态结束后,执政的人民党政府废除了新闻检查制度,恢复了新闻自由。     

Freedom of information legislation and its impact on press freedom: A cross-national study

This empirical study examines the effect of the Freedom of Information legislation on press freedom by analyzing cross-sectional data at the national level of aggregate indicators across 191 countries in 2010. The prediction by two-stage least square regression found that the impact of the legislation on press freedom is determined by control of corruption, the type of political regime (democratic or authoritarian regime), and the level of national economy. For recent adopters of the legislation, it could be no more than a legislative luxury. As the legislative effect on press freedom is mostly limited to less corrupt, advanced industrial democracies, the workings of the legislation require political and economic prerequisites.     

Press laws in North Korea

The press in the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea) is closely tied to its communist sociopolitical structures. The North Korean press finds its modus operandi in the ‘Soviet Communist’ theory for its relationship with its government. This study examines the press laws and regulations in North Korea, pursuing three questions: (1) What is the status of the press as a sociopolitical institution in North Korea?; (2) What is the constitutional and statutory scheme relating to press freedom in North Korea?; and (3) What is the impact of the statutory mechanisms on the press in North Korea?

The press and other mass media in North Korea are totally controlled by the Korean Worker's Party. No dissenting voice is permitted in the news media. North Korea recognizes freedom of the press as a Constitutional right of their citizens. Nevertheless, there is a considerable disparity between the constitutional guarantee of press freedom and its practical application. In the name of ‘collective good’ as defined by President Kim II Sung and his party, the basic right to a free and independent press as understood in its libertarian sense is denied to North Koreans. While there are no separate specialized laws relating to the rights and/or responsibilities of the North Korean press, several indirect press laws are on the books. Nevertheless, it is doubtful whether they have any noticeable bearing upon the functions of the state‐controlled press. The impact of the statutes upon the North Korean press is negligible in that the press does not (or to be precise, need not) feel any statutory constraint. This is because there is no room for conflict between the North Korean press and law enforcement authorities.     

阿根廷新闻传播事业发展演变的教训与启示

新闻新自由主义议程主张新闻媒体私有化,在外资引进和市场竞争中放松政府管制。阿根廷经历了政府对新闻媒体绝对控制到完全采用新闻新自由主义议程的彻底转变。这种转型给阿根廷社会发展造成了负面影响,也是导致国家危机的因素之一。第三世界国家应该建立符合自己国情的新闻事业发展模式,规避全球化的发展陷阱。     

企业信息化对经济增长贡献的实证研究

影响传统企业经济增长的主要因素是资本和劳动,各因素对传统企业产值增加的贡献可借助柯布-道格拉斯生产函数来度量。随着企业信息化浪潮的推动,影响现代企业经济增长的因素不仅仅是资本和劳动,另一个更重要因素是企业信息化投入,信息化投入渗透到资本和劳动两因素中,但该因素对企业经济增长的贡献如何测度,以及如何与劳动、资本两因素对企业经济增长贡献进行比较?基于这一点,在比较几种测度方法基础上,分别调研5个企业取得各自的时间序列数据,提出基于企业信息化投入的企业经济增长模型,并对测得的企业信息化贡献系数从理论和案例两方面进行分析。指出了对处于诺兰模型第二阶段的企业,在实施和评价企业信息化贡献时,参考该模型具有重要意义。     

The press and political continuity in China: The case of the World Economic Herald

This paper, utilizing the method of case study, investigates the role of the Shanghai‐based World Economic Herald in China's political democratization in the 1980s, and analyses its relationship with the social changes of that period.

A prominent theme running through this study is that political democratization must be coupled with economic growth in order for the role of the press to change in China.

Results of the study suggest that the World Economic Herald, throughout its ten‐year existence, became more and more politically oriented and outspoken in its coverage of key political issues. The findings also reveal that in early 1989, the Herald waged an unprecedented struggle against the Party's tight control of the news media and for political democratization including press freedom. However, its role in promoting political change was restricted by the nature of China's reform movement, which was characterized by a separation of political reform from economic reform. The development and demise of the Herald provided a window through which it could be clearly seen how the press affected and was affected by the social changes in China in the historical period of the 1980s.     

两大法系媒体与司法关系比较

就传媒与司法关系而言,英美法系与大陆法系表现出不同的特点:前者有对新闻报道进行限制乃至处罚的措施或制度,后者则没有,其关键因素在于前者实行陪审制。而在当代司法实践和学术思潮中,两大法系在此问题上均表现出对新闻自由保护的倾向。但是,解决此问题的根本点却在于法官、记者与律师的合作及违宪审查机构的公正处理。     

Global questioners: examining journalists’ aggressiveness at Chinese premiers’ press conferences (1993–2015)*

This paper explores the different levels of aggressiveness in five dimensions exhibited by journalists with diverse global backgrounds at the press conferences of four Chinese premiers. Four attributes of the journalists’ home countries are examined: (1) power distance, (2) press freedom, (3) stage of development, and (4) frequency of questioning opportunities. The results show that journalists from countries with lower power distances tend to be more direct in their question designs than those with higher power distances; journalists with higher levels of press freedom tend to show more initiative, directness, assertiveness, and adversarialness than those with lower levels; journalists from developed countries are more direct, assertive, adversarial, and accountable than their counterparts; frequent questioners are more assertive, adversarial, and accountable than those infrequent. The theoretical and practical implications of journalists’ aggressive behaviors are discussed.     

从民主主义到精英主义——第二国际和第三国际的新闻自由理念比较

从党内到党外,第二国际既保障反对观点,又坚持为所有人争取平等的新闻自由,始终没有以阶级的自由取代社会的自由。第三国际则努力以无产阶级的新闻自由取代资产阶级的新闻自由,且限制党内讨论、压制反对言论,积极为部分人争取新闻自由。由于无产阶级的新闻自由在实践中被替换为极少数无产阶级领导者的自由,所谓的多数人的自由最终沦为极少数精英的自由。由此,社会主义者的新闻自由理念则从民主主义演变为了精英主义。     

民国初年报纸言论尺度考察——基于对《大公报》言论栏目的分析

媒体批评政府和官员的限度,是衡量新闻自由程度的一个重要指标。通过对1912至1916年间《大公报》的言论栏目进行抽样分析,本文发现其时该报享有较高程度的新闻自由。根本原因有二:一是当时的国家-社会关系使得言论尚有自主空间;二是《大公报》的言论责任观使其立言尽可能公允清楚。     

我国公共图书馆发展与经济增长关系初探——公共图书馆财政投入与GDP的实证分析

根据1979—2008年的相关数据,对我国公共图书馆财政投入与GDP之间的关系进行协整检验,并在此基础上建立误差修正模型。格兰杰因果关系检验表明,公共图书馆财政投入对国民经济的发展具有正向促进作用,同时又受国民经济发展的制约。公共图书馆的经济效益应得到社会的正确认识和重视,政府应加大对公共图书馆事业的投入使公共图书馆与国民经济协调发展。     

新常态下FDI对我国出版传媒产业安全的影响

随着我国出版传媒市场不断对外开放,外商直接投资（FDI）已广泛渗透到出版传媒各环节。外资进入在我国出版传媒资源优化配置、出版效率提高、产业结构调整等方面均产生了积极影响。外资也在一定程度上对我国的人才、市场、资本等造成了不良冲击,并出现掠夺我国优秀文化资源的情况。我国应从规范外资准入规则、完善出版传媒产业投融资制度、建立健全中国出版传媒产业外资风险防范机制等方面着手,切实保障出版传媒产业安全。     

Redefining Press Freedom: A Survey of Iraqi Broadcasters in Political Transition and Conflict

This study examined how Iraqi broadcasters perceive the concept of press freedom in their newly emerging media environment. Based on the survey of 122 Iraqi broadcasters, this study found that individual, attitudinal, and organizational factors determine Iraqi broadcasters' perceptions of press freedom. Departing from the conventional press freedom indices on Iraq compiled by Western freedom advocate organizations, this study suggests that the Iraqi broadcasters' perceptions on the press freedom were relative, not absolute or uniform as depicted through numerical indices or qualitative labels.     

The Validity of Global Press Ratings

This study examines year-by-year correlations between Freedom House and Reporters Sans Frontières' (RSF) press freedom scores for countries over a 13-year period (2002–2014). The goal of the study is to test the hypothesis that, further into the age of digital disclosure, as press abuses and harassment of journalists are more widely reported, press freedom ranking systems are gradually becoming more precise and, therefore, correlations between the two indices will strengthen over time. To further assess concurrent validity of the indices, correlations between both indices and scores on the United Nations Human Development Index are also provided. The study also examines changes in the indices' rankings of countries over time within six world regions: the Middle East and North Africa, the Americas, Western Europe, Eastern Europe/Central Asia, Sub-Saharan Africa, and Asia. In so doing, this study adds a degree of understanding to the validity of two press freedom indices that are routinely cited in journalistic reportage and trade journals, as well as many scholarly publications. Results suggest that the two organizations' scoring of press freedom has become significantly more correlated in the years 2002–2014, and the primary cause of the increased agreement is that RSF's ratings became substantially more aligned with Freedom House's scores during this period. Both indices' ratings are significantly correlated with countries' United Nations Human Development Index scores.     

美国传媒与司法关系走向

上世纪 70年代后半期以来 ,美国新闻媒体与司法界的关系出现新的走向 ,它表现为 :1、法官限制传媒的诸如延期审理、更换审判地点、筛选陪审员、隔离陪审员等措施 ,在实践中和理论上均处于困境之中。 2、法官对传媒的限制性命令制度和惩罚制度实际上已不再起作用。3、法官将对传媒的直接限制转移到对律师等诉讼参与人的限制即间接限制上。 4、法庭对传媒逐渐开放。 5、法官、新闻媒体与律师走向合作     

It's All About Trade: United States Press Coverage of Cigarette Export Talks and Policy

This study focuses on United States press coverage of U.S. cigarette exports to Taiwan and Korea and examines whether there was congruence between U.S. foreign policy objectives and the direction of the news coverage. This study reveals that most mainstream U.S. newspapers followed the government's foreign policy objectives in reporting the issue of U.S. cigarette exports to Asia. Mainstream U.S. newspapers packaged cigarette export policy and talks into a trade issue characterized by fair trade and ethnocentric framing; this framing highlighted economic themes while suppressing or omitting health-oriented events or opinions. The United States press low-toned its critical voice when the United States vigorously pursued cigarette trade talks with Japan, Taiwan, and Korea, and raised its critical voice against already implemented policy once all trade agreements were finalized. Based on qualitative analysis, this study examines several key aspects of U.S. newspapers' coverage of these trade talks.     

论图书馆权利

图书馆权利是图书馆历史发展的必然要求，其基本内涵包括图书馆权利和读者权利两个方面．图书馆有收集和提供信息资料的自由，并保证读者享有自由、公平、公正利用图书馆获取文献信息资料的权利和自由。图书馆的自由与平等原则要求图书馆在服务过程中坚持以人为本，实施无等级差别服务、无身份界限服务和无歧视服务。公益性文化事业单位的性质和经费短缺之间的现实矛盾，决定短期内图书馆在运行过程中还不能完全实现免费利用，这一问题，应通过政府加大投入来逐步解决。本文对图书馆权利从历史和现实、理论和实践、中国和外国的对比中作了深入的分析.     

论杰斐逊新闻自由思想和实践的统一及其原因

杰斐逊的新闻自由思想是其民主思想体系的重要组成部分,它具有内在一致性:思想和实践的一致。英、美历史文化背景对杰斐逊实践其新闻思想产生了重要的影响,是其新闻思想和实践统一的主要原因。     

Modernism,state sovereignty and dissent: media and the new post-cold war movements

Post-cold war theories of the press and foreign policy have noted a new, less consistent relationship between political and media elites. Political communication scholars have developed three general models in response, but these do not seem to map well to press coverage of the anti-globalization movement that has emerged in recent years. This paper argues for a new theory of the press and oppositional politics in an environment that has altered the equilibrium between media, political elites, and interest groups. The new political environment results from three principal causes: the erosion of state sovereignty over the political economy, the elimination of the Soviet system as a rhetorical resource for movement critics, and new information technologies that alter movement structure and thus increase its resilience. Analysis of two streams of media content, news and editorial, on the protests at the 1999 meetings of the World Trade Organization reveals an anomalous reversal for received theories of media and elite power in the way the mainstream press covers movement politics.