Bob Lochte,Christian Radio: The Growth of a Mainstream Broadcasting Force. Jefferson,NC: McFarland, 2006.

A national survey of radio station general managers and news directors explored their demographic characteristics and stands on social issues. News directors’ support for a national health care program, their lack of support for unregulated business, their lack of trust in private enterprise to look out for the workers’ welfare, and their less negative view of labor unions may be explained through their own experience, as well as those of their newsroom employees.     

Newsgathering technology and the content of local television news

A preliminary study suggests that newsgathering technology may have a negative effect on local television news content and on the autonomy of news directors.     

BREAKING NEWS OR BROKEN NEWS?

Television news directors increasingly utilize live shots in their newscasts for reasons other than journalistic value. Reporters and viewers alike react negatively to such “black hole” live shots. Nine news directors and nine senior reporters participated in this qualitative study designed to reveal their differing attitudes toward various aspects of live reporting. Analysis revealed significant tensions between the two groups. The news directors, who are responsible for the news program as a whole, include non-journalistic reasons such as presentation and station identity for including remote live shots. Senior reporters are chiefly concerned with their own contributions to the overall news program. They claim to understand these justifications but often disagree with how they are asked to execute them. The data also reveal one station violating the Radio Television Digital News Association Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct by allowing sponsors to determine editorial content.     

Radio Station Innovation and Risk Taking: A Survey of Programmers and General Managers

We conducted a survey of radio station program directors and general managers to explore the perception and role of innovation within radio programming and the key factors that influence this perception. In the study, we found that, in general, programmers and general managers perceive little innovation in programming except at their own stations. Results also indicate perceptions that more risk taking is needed in radio programming, that risk taking is essential for the financial health of a station, that increased artist diversity and an innovative music rotation influence the perception of innovation at the station level, and that too many commercials are being placed within an average hour of programming.     

Cross‐media response to digital manipulation of still and moving images

This investigation provides survey data for a cross‐media comparison between newspaper photo editors and television news directors to assess the ethical response to digital image processing and enhancement technology. The results indicate that television news directors tend toward less strict ethical standards in application of the technology. However, the television people showed more sensitivity to aspects of the technology that relate to long‐standing themes of TV critics.     

Complexity,Uncertainty and Change in News Organizations

ABSTRACT

Media managers and journalists have responded to digitalization over time by implementing online journalism and by converging and de-converging print and online newsrooms. Drawing on complexity and uncertainty theories, this article develops a cycle model, which furthers the understanding of why and how news organizations change. Qualitative and quantitative findings in two European legacy media companies indicate that managers are constantly striving to minimize their own complexity and uncertainty, which, in turn, drives change in news organizations through different stages that are characterized by economization and integration or investment and specialization. More specifically, under lower external and internal complexity and uncertainty, managers are pushing news organizations toward more economization and integration. However, they invest and specialize if either their external or their internal complexity and uncertainty increase. Moreover, the findings reveal the mechanism through which the internal complexity and uncertainty arise, and they show differences depending on the ownership structure of a news organization.     

Convergence Concerns in Local Television: Conflicting Views From the Newsroom

This nationwide survey studies the impact of convergence on reporters and producers in small and medium local television markets. The article examines the manner in which convergence-related responsibilities affect the daily routines of these news workers. It also assesses their perceptions of convergence and challenges they face, including concerns about the impact of convergence on the quality of their work. Authors compare these views to the opinions of news directors across the United States (gathered in previous research), finding significant differences between news workers' perspectives and those of their bosses.     

Live news reporting: Professional judgment or technological pressure? A national survey of television news directors and senior reporters

Findings from this study indicate that news reporters are at times uncomfortable with live reporting, believing that news operations often allow technology to drive journalism. The data indicate that senior reporters and news directors adopt different perspectives of live newsgathering, and that the disparity between the two groups widens in larger markets. The majority of both groups agree that “live for the sake of live” takes place with disturbing frequency in newsrooms across the nation.     

我国公共图书馆法人治理结构改革的问题与对策

[目的/意义] 理事会的建立与有效运行是公共图书馆法人治理结构改革的根本标志与核心,能较为直观地反映改革现状与问题,对其进行研究具有重要意义。[方法/过程] 通过图书馆官网、政府官网、学术论文、新闻媒体以及电话调查等多种渠道,对全国市（地）级以上365家公共图书馆的理事会建立与运行情况展开调研。[结果/结论] 发现在理事会设立及运行方面,存在设立比例偏低、区域差异较大、职能定位模糊、理事长来源单一、信息公开程度低等问题。因此,在深化改革过程中,要坚持"掌舵"与"服务"相结合、"公益性"与"竞争性"相协调、"舶来品"与"本土化"相兼容等原则。通过完善制度设计,提升改革成效;加快改革进程,促进区域协调发展;明确职能定位,优化决策支撑机制;优化成员构成,拓宽理事长产生方式及来源渠道;加大信息公开,健全内外监督机制等对策为改革保驾护航。     

Displacing and Complementing Effects of News Sites on Newspapers 1998–2009

Media managers are facing the challenge of navigating their organizations through a series of extensive changes involving economic, editorial, and technological challenges. Media managers need to develop a better understanding of user behavior and demand. This article addresses the news media landscape and the dynamics at play between print and online media, departing from an elaboration on theories of displacing and complementing effects. The empirical journey focuses on changes over time with regard to how people make use of evening tabloids through print and online. A dataset that comprises annual postal-based surveys carried out from 1998 to 2009 is used for the analysis. The results show an historical change regarding the usage patterns of evening tabloids. First, online news, in general, has acquired a stronger position among users over time, at the expense of the readership of printed evening tabloids. Second, with regard to the interrelated roles of print and online news sites, the latter constitute the primary channel for users—in particular, among 16- to 49-year-olds. Third, gender has the strongest complementing effect, as men are distinguished users of both print and online news. When it comes to explaining displacing effects, these take place among the more highly educated, and the smallest displacing effects are found among 50- to 85-year-olds. The results illustrate the complex dynamics at hand with regard to simultaneous displacing and complementing effects, which nurtures sage managerial implications.     

Media Convergence/Management Change: The Evolving Workflow for Visual Journalists

This article, based on a national survey of photo editors and Web directors from news organizations publishing, both online and in hard copy, examines the differences in workflow of visual journalists. An evolution in how news photographs are used and in the aesthetic and technical handling is occurring as newspapers embrace new media publishing. As a result, newspapers and news organizations are creating different operating systems within the field of photo editing and Web production. This article was done in conjunction with Kenny Irby, Visual Journalism Group Leader, The Poynter Institute for Media Studies.     

西方报业集团:我们被误解了

在传统观念里 ,西方报业集团的出现使意见市场的多样性减少 ,造成新闻产品质量下降。然而事实并非如此。首先 ,由于许多报业集团归属公有 ,实际上报业的所有者是增加了。其次 ,报业集团通过职业管理、规模效应等手段在市场竞争中占有优势 ,更有实力来改善新闻产品的质量。第三 ,报业集团在社会变革中发挥了重要作用     

Visual materials on local television news programs

When sight was added to sound, the problems of presenting the news of the day multiplied, as did the cost of such coverage. Nevertheless, few news directors are satisfied with the strict “man‐on‐camera” approach; they prefer to use the additional information channel for a certain amount of visual augmentation of the audio channel's content. Beacuse television stations in a given market rarely have a chance to examine the output of stations in other markets, the survey reported in the following article was made'. Both the sources of visual news materials and their uses are studied in a sample of midwestern stations. It is interesting to examine this report after a review of William Hazard's study for the Radio‐Television News Directors Association, “Adequacy of Coverage by Still Picture and Film Services” published in the Journal of Broadcasting, Vol. IV, No. 1, pp. 64–76, Winter, 1959–60.     

新冠肺炎疫情报道中数据新闻的“工具化”衍变

在抗击新型冠状病毒疫情的众多新闻报道之中,数据新闻作品及数据可视化产品表现抢眼,效果独特,影响广泛,充分体现出数据新闻在新闻事件统计、分析、研判上的独特优势。大数据工具的介入,更让数据新闻从之前的"可视化"阶段衍变进入"工具化"阶段,成为此次公共卫生报道中值得研究的新形态。     

构建高校图书馆和谐人际关系的着力点研究

要实现高校图书馆人际关系的和谐,应该着力构建馆领导班子之间、馆领导班子与部（室）主任之间、各部（室）主任之间、图书馆管理层与普通馆员之间、馆员与馆员之间、馆员与读者之间的和谐关系。参考文献2。     

MIGRANTS AND MEDIA NEWSMAKING PRACTICES

European societies are becoming increasingly multicultural and ethnically diverse as a result of immigration. This change, however, is not properly reflected in the European mass media, neither in the portrayal nor in the representation of immigrants in the mainstream media. The aim of this paper is to analyse the newsmaking routines of mainstream newspapers and TV channels in six European countries (Greece, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands, Poland amd the United Kingdom) with a view to showing which factors mostly influence these routines. We analyse the impact of three factors on the making of migration-related news: (1) the news value of such news; (2) the role of newsmaking routines and in particular who selects what is published and why; and (3) the availability of alternative sources and the journalists' trust of different types of news sources. Our study shows that while migrant media follow the general rule that something negative has a higher news value, they are also bound up with additional challenges—notably that media do not cover migration as a topic regularly, that media outlets have a given “line” of coverage concerning migration and this contributes to shaping what kind of news are reported. Third, journalists are not always well networked with migrant sources to have access to them. While the rule of thumb “you have to talk to people who are directly involved” holds, not all journalists devote the necessary energy and time to present a balanced coverage of migration-related issues.

For a full explanation of the methodology of the research project, please see the introduction in this themed section: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17512786.2012.740213.     

图绘新闻:信息可视化与编辑室内的理念冲突

文章通过对相关学术文献中关于可视化新闻生产的话语构成的检视,以及对瑞士五家新闻机构的可视化编辑的深度访谈,全面勾勒数字化新闻生产与传统新闻生产之间存在的理念冲突,以及这种冲突对于新闻业发展变迁路径的潜在影响.研究发现,可视化新闻生产逻辑将"真实"界定为再现层面上的操作性概念,主张将美学的维度纳入新闻专业主义体系,同时提出了重构新闻价值标准的要求,这对传统新闻理念的权威性构成了显而易见的挑战.文章进而提出可视化新闻生产所遵循的"科学-艺术"观念结构有可能导致整个社会公共空间和文化结构的变迁.     

THE MOJO IN THE THIRD MILLENNIUM

Digital technology has revolutionized the journalist's toolkit with affordable miniaturized still and video cameras for producing high-quality multimedia, and connection equipment enabling that content to be transmitted via satellite from almost anywhere on the globe for publication on the Internet. Two results have been the advent of news production by an innovative type of lone, multimedia reporter, known as a “mojo” (mobile journalist) or “sojo” (solo journalist), and an increasing focus on “hyper-local” news on media websites. In an era of heightened newspaper and television competition driven by steadily declining North American readership and viewer numbers, many media managers have embraced with enthusiasm the solo journalist—able to move fast and travel light, at lower cost than traditional news teams. This paper surveys the impact that developments in multimedia publishing have had on the news produced by such solo journalists. It finds evidence of degradation of the genre in some, but not all, cases and concludes that since the Pandora's box of mojo journalism has been opened, if used judiciously by journalists with sufficient experience, there is some hope that the new modalities may result in responsible journalism enriched with multifaceted storytelling.     

In Defense of “Mass Communication” and Other Stuff

A consistent news frame that deligitmizes and depicts most social protests as "police vs. protesters" has been identified in studies of news coverage of social movements. This study used an experimental design to examine the extent to which photographs and prior attitudes toward protests and protesters in general contribute to previously identified framing effects of protest news. Results indicated that for the protest issue of interest evaluations of the protest and protesters were more negative when photos depicting higher levels of conflict were shown. The amount of conflict shown in the photos did not affect evaluations of the protest and protesters when the issue was of less interest to participants. Additionally, participants who had more positive prior attitudes toward protesting in general were more likely to identify with the protesters in the stimulus story and to perceive that the protest was more effective than were those with more negative prior attitudes. Findings suggest the need to address possible nuances associated with the visuals alone and to incorporate prior attitudes when examining effects of news coverage of protests.     

正确的判断如何得到确认——以“广告新闻”讨论为例

本文以历史上“广告新闻”的讨论为例,从一个侧面回顾并分析了上个世纪80年代中国新闻学研究的大致状况。本文认为,正因为我们长期以来没有关于市场经济条件下传媒运作的任何经验,才会出现这样低层次的讨论,这其实是社会思想封闭的恶果。