应用CVM法测评高校图书馆服务价值的适用性初探

以图书馆读者利用与需求调查问卷为载体,应用条件价值评估法(CVM),在调查高校图书馆目标用户群对当前图书馆资源服务认知与评价的基础上,实证检测受调查者对图书馆服务价值的评判和赋值行为,以此确认高校图书馆用户对基于CVM调查的接受与响应倾向。     

条件价值评估法在公共图书馆价值评估中的应用

条件价值评估法(CVM)是一种通过调研来评价非市场物品与资源的经济价值的最常用的工具。本文首先定义了图书馆经济学上的价值,讨论了评估公共图书馆价值的意义,然后介绍了CVM的经济学原理和国内外研究应用现状,最后在此基础上给出在公共图书馆中使用CVM的研究方法设计,用支付意愿(WTP)和接受补偿意愿(WTA)来测评图书馆的价值。     

Public Service Broadcasting in Canada

Major changes are pressuring the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC). Its cultural centrality has been questioned as a result of these changes. The CBC was set up as a public, rather than a state, broadcaster with some arm's length characteristics. Recently, its mandate has focused more on increasing Canadian content as reflected in its own policy actions, the Broadcasting Act of 1991 and the Canadian Radio-Television and Telecommunications Commission. Despite the CBC's problems, federal appropriations have been held constant in real terms over the last decade, with most of this being devoted to television. Recent changes in programming include more Canadian content, more regional production, and more independent programming. The major threat to CBC's role is technological change, especially new delivery systems that will increase the number of television channels (i.e., channel capacity), increase the number of distribution systems, and change the location of some of the broadcasting signals reaching Canada. These changes alter both normative conclusions about ownership and regulation of broadcasting as well as the positive analysis of how public sector broadcasting is likely to fare in the new environment. The implications for Canada are that distribution is likely to become a competitive industry with reduced or zero excess profits and with greater programming diversity. Several rationales for the CBC will have been seriously undermined. The CBC's future will depend on its ability to meet Canadian content needs that will not be met by the private sector and yet generate sufficient audiences to justify major government support.     

Public Service Broadcasting in the United States

In the past few years, American public broadcasting has faced severe pressures from conservative politicians, the challenge of preparing for new technologies, and fickle audiences. Yet it may be as well-off today as it ever has been, in part because public broadcasting has always been on the margins of American broadcasting. It has been in more parlous circumstances and in fact has certain advantages at this point. Public broadcasting in the United States is not essentially a public service broadcaster, although it sometimes acts as one. It thus has a certain flexibility in a time of great change. American public broadcasting is not a unified structure, but an ad hoc assemblage of stations united both by the fluctuating patronage of the institutions that fund them and in their cultivating the capricious support of the audiences they serve.     

Public Service Broadcasting in Four Countries: Overview

The structure, funding, and audience size of public service broadcasting (PSB) revealed in the four countries examined in the articles in this issue of The Journal of Media Economics differ markedly from one another but exhibit few surprises. PSB in the United Kingdom, Australia, and Canada is highly centralized, but relatively decentralized in the United States. The United Kingdom devotes the largest proportion of its gross national product to PSB, and the United States devotes the smallest. Similarly, PSB in the United Kingdom attracts the largest share of the television audience among the four countries, and U.S. public television attracts the smallest. Although the future relevance of PSB in Canada may be at risk, the provision of PSB in the United Kingdom, Australia, and the United States seems likely to continue in its present form for the foreseeable future.     

基于条件价值评估法的信息生态价值评估——以城市公共图书馆为例

简述信息生态的概念并强调信息生态价值评估的现实意义；引入条件价值评估法作为评价信息生态价值的有力工具，介绍其理论基础、发展情况并分析其应用于信息生态环境之一的公共图书馆价值评估的可行性；阐述基于条件价值评估法的公共图书馆价值评价所包括的4个阶段以及需要注意的一些问题，最后呼吁在实践工作中使用条件价值评估法。     

社会民主主义思潮与英国公共广播体制的形成

英国公共广播体制是在社会民主主义思潮的影响下形成的。英国社会民主主义的两个基本原则(公有制和民主)决定了公共广播的两个基本特征(非市场和非政府)。社会民主主义思潮还形塑了公共广播要为民主服务的广播理念。在探讨英国公共广播体制的起源时,只有从这一角度来看问题,才能真正理解英国公共广播的兴衰以及广播的公共服务理念的核心所在。     

权变评估法在媒介价值量化研究中的应用——以BBC为例

起源于环境经济学的权变评估法(Contingent Valuation,CV)是一种基于问卷调查的量化研究方法。本文以CV方法对BBC的价值评估为例,在阐释CV方法相关理论的基础上,分析了采用CV方法对媒介进行价值评估的可行性和存在的问题,并指出了这一方法对构建我国媒介价值评估体系的启示。     

The Contradictions of Public Service and Commercialisation in Mid-century South African Broadcasting

This study focuses on the 1950 introduction of the commercial radio station, Springbok Radio, into the South African Broadcasting Corporation, a Commonwealth inspired public service broadcaster (PSB) resulting from the Schoch Commission (1948). The paper argues that the introduction of Springbok Radio was prompted by the financial crisis faced by the Corporation; the broadcaster’s attempt to broaden its appeal beyond elite audiences serviced by PSB; and the national imperative to centralise and control the broadcast sector by dominating it completely. Thus, the study examines the motifs of PSB versus commercialisation; high culture versus popular culture; and nationalism versus internationalisation.     

知识公有领域的经济价值探讨

从知识的四个特性角度来界定公有领域的概念和范围,并对该范围的公共教育、公共图书馆服务、政府信息公开三个重要公有领域的经济价值进行论述,从而获悉知识公有领域经济价值的主要实现途径为知识公开以及在实现知识公开过程中所带来的样品效应和网络效应。     

基于CVM法的公共图书馆服务价值评估的实证研究——以遂昌县图书馆为例

当今科技水平不断发展,图书馆信息服务内容不断增加,对图书馆服务价值及其工作水平的评价提出了更高要求.文章尝试引入CVM法,通过200份问卷的发放与统计,调查遂昌县妙高街道居民对图书馆服务价值的支付意愿,并利用SPSS对影响居民支付意愿的各个因素进行相关性分析.研究结果表明居民支付意愿在社会经济特征上与文化程度、收入水平、职业三大因素显著相关,在主观意愿选择上与阅读环境满意度、信息服务了解程度等六大因素存在着显著的相关性.经过一系列的计算,得出在一个假想的市场内,遂昌县图书馆的服务价值为1.022×107元／年.文章提出的多种因素选择以及CVM法如何促进馆际交流对比,具有一定的理论价值与实际推广意义.     

公共图书馆公平服务所蕴涵的法律价值

法律的普及使图书馆立法工作与公共图书馆公平服务得到了政府的重视,法律视野内的公共图书馆公平服务,其理念蕴含着法律对弱势群体乃至全体公民的关怀。公共性是公共图书馆的特性,在法律视野内,公共图书馆的公共性决定着其产权的公共性,产权的公共性决定着它服务的公平性。公共图书馆公平服务所蕴涵的法律价值是:公民的人权价值、自由价值、效率价值、秩序价值和公平服务的发展价值与公共图书馆的首要利益诉求价值。     

公共图书馆公平服务所蕴涵的法律价值

法律的普及,使图书馆立法工作与公共图书馆公平服务得到了政府的重视,法律视野内的公共图书馆公平服务,其理念蕴含着法律对弱势群体乃至全体公民的关怀。公共性是公共图书馆的特性,在法律视野内,公共图书馆的公共性决定着其产权的公共性,产权的公共性决定着它服务的公平性。公共图书馆公平服务所蕴涵的法律价值是:公民的人权价值、自由价值、效率价值、秩序价值和公平服务的发展价值与公共图书馆的首要利益诉求价值。     

档案馆公共服务能力提升新途径:档案志愿服务

志愿服务已经成为一种社会风尚.档案馆引入志愿服务能够为档案服务社会化带来全新的视角,为提升档案馆公共服务能力提供新的途径.档案馆应该抓住机遇,加强档案志愿者管理,完善档案志愿服务内容,努力形成档案志愿服务体系,为档案馆的社会化发展提供更多动力与支持.     

Public Service Broadcasting of Sport,Shows, and News to Mitigate Rational Ignorance

Rational individuals may use a tax or license-fee financed public service TV channel to mitigate the paradox of rational ignorance. The approach presented in this article assumes that increased consumption of information by voters improves democratic decisions, but marginal returns decrease. Depending on how fast marginal returns decrease, the public service TV channel broadcasts either only (unbiased serious) news or, to induce voters to watch the informational content, sports and shows (entertainment) as well.     

媒体资产整合是提高广播节目资源再利用价值的有效途径

文章以北京人民广播电台在媒体资源整合和媒体资源数字化转存方面的工作为例,对在媒体资源整合和媒体资源数字化转存过程中应注意的问题以及拓宽服务领域、更新整合媒资管理者知识、加强广播节目资源版权保护意识等进行了阐述.     

Just Getting By? Francophone Belgian Journalists Dealing with Dutch-language Sources in Their Public Broadcasting Service

ABSTRACT

In this article, we examine how the Dutch language is used when francophone Belgian journalists prepare and produce their reports—during all stages of the process—up until the actual broadcast. We conducted 16 qualitative interviews with TV news journalists employed by the Belgian French-speaking public broadcaster. Taking as a starting point the highly variable level of Dutch in the newsroom, we highlight four practices used by journalists when they have to cover a news story in Flanders or interview a Dutch speaker: avoidance, mutual assistance, specific efforts to deal with linguistic difficulties and what we call a “tactical use” of Dutch with the sources. This study reveals practices that are by no means a demonstration of excellent language skills. Journalists’ frequent lack of knowledge is compensated by a certain pragmatism: they aim to illustrate how their daily routines tackle a concrete problem in a relatively informal, flexible, and collective manner. Finally, we explore to what extent these practices impact journalistic performance and how the use of the Dutch language in the newsroom reflects the language divide in Belgium’s journalistic landscape.     

公共图书馆健康服务的价值认知和实践探索

大健康时代的健康促进方式和健康服务需求促成了“用信息维护健康、用信息促进健康”的新理念,树立观念、直面需求、建设能力、转型服务是公共图书馆应对大健康时代的挑战必然要经历的过程。本文重点回答两个问题:为什么公共图书馆是开展健康服务必不可少的重要设施,其服务价值如何认知;当前公共图书馆开展了哪些健康服务实践活动,有哪些可供借鉴的经验。本文采用文献研究、网络调研和数据分析相结合的方法,从国际组织（IFLA）、图书馆协会（ALA）、社会组织（OCLC）和政府机构（CDC）等四个维度,展示不同层面对图书馆健康服务的价值认知;以NNLM近三年资助的166家公共图书馆的218个健康服务项目数据作为分析素材,统计服务内容,归纳服务类型,提炼实践举措,从15个方面展示NNLM成员馆的健康服务活动。研究认为:①信息是公众维护健康的重要因素;②公共图书馆是最贴近公众的公益性社会机构,拓展其原有的服务内容,为公众开展健康服务具有可行性;③需要重新审视公共图书馆对于公众健康的价值,推进公共图书馆成为促进公众健康的重要社会机构;④国际上公共图书馆已经开展的健康服务实践探索,可为我国公共图书馆开展健康服务提供借鉴。表1。参考文献21。