Analysis of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Coagulation Pathway Factors in OCP Treated PCOS Women

Human polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)—a cluster of diseases displays various symptoms associated with endocrine and gynecological disorders in childbearing women. Oral contraceptive pills (OCP) being a drug of choice minimizes symptoms and complications associated with the disorder. But, the controversial data available in literature regarding use of OCPs compels us to setup a study design regarding effect of OCP treatment in PCOS subjects and the possible outcomes specifically regarding coagulation pathways. Two PCOS study groups have been selected according to Rotterdam Criteria: one with OCP treatment (n = 50) and other without any drug treatment i.e., drug naive (n = 50). Anthropometry, Biochemistry, Hormones, Insulin and various clotting factors like Factor XI, Factor V, tPA, TAT-III and D-dimer were analyzed in both groups. The results showed worsening of IR, Metabolic parameters and coagulopathy in OCP group comparative to drug naive group indicating adverse effects of the OCP treatment which puts these women at risk for number of future clinical implications especially Cardiovascular and metabolic complications.     

Dyslipidemia Associated with Poor Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and the Protective Effect of Metformin Supplementation

The nature of the dyslipidemia associated with diabetes mellitus is complex and is the major risk factor for atherosclerosis and coronary artery disease. Aim of this study was to assess the effect of glycemic control, achieved by metformin, glibenclamide and insulin, on lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients. One hundred and sixty-five type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were classified into good glycemic control (Group I) and poor glycemic control (Group II) on the basis of their blood HbA1c values. The Group II was characterized with high serum triglyceride (190.46 ± 15.20 mg/dl), total cholesterol (175.3 ± 6.31 mg/dl) as well as high LDL-cholesterol (109.0 ± 5.88 mg/dl). Significant correlations were evident between HbA1c and dyslipidemia, particularly serum TG (r = 0.28, P < 0.05), and between HbA1c and total cholesterol (r = 0.310, P < 0.05). Better glycemic control and improved dyslipidemia were observed in patients on combination therapy of metformin plus glibenclamide.     

Predictors of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Complications in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in an Eastern Indian Population

The purpose of this study was to assess the predictive values of central obesity and hyperandrogenemia in development of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in the polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) patients in our region. Differences of fasting blood glucose level, insulin resistance index HOMA-IR, lipid parameters, waist hip ratio (WHR), body mass index, LH/FSH ratio and testosterone levels between 45 PCOS cases and 35 age matched controls were obtained. Strength of association between different parameters in the case group was assayed by Pearson’s correlation analysis. Dependence of insulin resistance and WHR on different predictors was assessed by multiple linear regression assay. Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio, WHR and insulin resistance were significantly higher in the case group (p < 0.05). Serum testosterone showed strong correlation with insulin resistance and LH/FSH ratio (r = 0.432 and 0.747, p = 0.01 and 0.001 respectively) in the PCOS patients while WHR and serum testosterone level stood out to be most significant predictors for the insulin resistance (β = 0.361 and 0.498; p = 0.048 and 0.049 respectively). Hyperandrogenemia and central obesity were the major factors predicting development of insulin resistance and its related metabolic and cardiovascular complications in our PCOS patients. We suggest early monitoring for androgen level and WHR in these patients for predicting an ensuing insulin resistance and modulating the treatment procedure accordingly to minimise future cardiovascular risks.     

Correlations of Insulin Resistance and Serum Testosterone Levels with LH:FSH Ratio and Oxidative Stress in Women with Functional Ovarian Hyperandrogenism

Functional ovarian hyperandrogenism (FOH) is a form of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) characterized by elevated circulating levels of androgens derived from the ovary. Insulin resistance (IR) is the most common etiological factor in women with FOH. IR causes the generation of increased oxidative stress (OS) and diminished antioxidant status. OS is directly correlated with both IR and testosterone levels, which consequently contribute to endocrine and biochemical alterations in FOH women. In the current study, elevations in total testosterone, free testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels accompanied by a decrease in follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level leading to higher LH:FSH ratio were the prominent endocrine changes observed in women with FOH. A significant increase in fasting blood levels of glucose and insulin, as well as an elevated IR were also seen in FOH women, as compared to their age matched controls. Women with FOH have higher pro-oxidant and lower anti-oxidant levels in blood than their age matched controls. In FOH women, elevations in LH:FSH ratio and OS are correlated more with hyperandrogenemia than with IR. Of the androgens, free rather than total testosterone has better positive correlations with elevated LH:FSH ratio and OS, and hence, the former is a better predictive marker for the development of biochemical PCOS in women with FOH.     

p38 MAPK Inhibitor (SB203580) and Metformin Reduces Aortic Protein Carbonyl and Inflammation in Non-obese Type 2 Diabetic Rats

Microvascular and macrovascular diseases are the main causes of morbidity in type 2 diabetes patients through chronic hyperglycaemic condition via oxidative stress and inflammation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) activate p38 MAPK phosphorylation and inflammation which enhances protein modification by carbonylation. The use of metformin and a p38 MAPK inhibitor is hypothesised to reduce ROS production and inflammation but effects of metformin and p38 MAPK inhibitor (SB203580) on ROS production and inflammation in vascular type 2 diabetes mellitus non-obese (T2DM) have not been investigated. The Goto-Kakizaki rat T2DM model was divided into three groups as T2DM, T2DM treated with 15 mg/kg bw metformin and T2DM treated with 2 mg/kg bw SB203580 for 4 weeks. Rat aortas were isolated and protein carbonyl (PC) contents were measured by spectrophotometric DNPH assay. Aortic IL-1ß level was determined by ELISA. Results showed that aortic PC contents in the T2DM group were significantly higher than in non-diabetic rats. Treatment with metformin or SB203580 significantly reduced PC contents while only metformin significantly reduced IL-1ß levels. Findings indicated that metformin reduced ROS production and inflammation in diabetic vessels and possibly reduce vascular complications in non-obese T2DM.     

持续有氧运动对血管细胞瘤激素调节效果分析

目的:探讨持续有氧代谢运动对侵袭性血管母细胞瘤的激素调节效果,以提高诊断水平及指导临床治疗。方法:以血管细胞瘤MRI影像与病理特征分析为参照依据,分析19例经手术病理治疗后的血管细胞瘤恢复情况,以持续有氧代谢运动对血管细胞瘤体内脑垂体激素调节为对象,建立有氧代谢与侵袭性血管细胞瘤脑垂体激素调节间的关系模型,证实血管母细胞瘤的MRI病理表现与有氧代谢运动间的关系。结果:小脑半球血管母细胞瘤14例,幕上血管母细胞瘤4例,混合型1例,经持续有氧代谢运动康复,肿瘤周围异常流空明显减少,肿瘤囊壁环形得到弱化。结论:持续有氧代谢运动通过激素调节,刺激血管母细胞瘤的恢复,血管母细胞瘤MRI影像表现稳定,瘤周刺激明显好转,MRI表现与刺激病理特性相关。     

Assessment of Serum Calcium and Phosphorus in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients Before,During and After Chemotherapy

Our study was aimed to assess the levels of serum calcium and phosphorus in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Blood samples were collected from 40 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis before treatment (PTB-0), at the end of 2 months of intensive phase of treatment (PTB-2) and after 6 months of treatment (PTB-6). Age and weight matched normal healthy volunteers (n = 37) served as normal controls. Serum was analyzed for calcium and phosphorus. Serum calcium significantly decreased to hypocalcemic levels and serum phosphorus significantly decreased but was within normophosphatemic limits in pulmonary tuberculosis. Chemotherapy for tuberculosis managed to raise serum levels of both the ions, with hypocalcemia still persisting in majority of patients during treatment but getting resolved in a significant percentage of patients at the end of 6 months of treatment. Results indicate the need for calcium and phosphorus supplements in tuberculosis patients during chemotherapy. This study also warrants the need for regular monitoring of serum calcium and phosphorus in patients undergoing anti-tuberculosis treatment.     

Effect of Antiresorptive Therapy on Urinary Hydroxyproline in Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis becomes a serious health threat for older postmenopausal women by predisposing them to an increased risk of fracture. Osteoporosis and associated fractures are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Special attention is being paid to early detection, management, and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis in women. Biochemical markers can enable dynamic and rapid measurement of total body skeletal metabolism and will be clinically useful in the management of postmenopausal osteoporosis women (PMO) and also for assessing the effects of antiresorptive therapy. With this view, we planned to assess osteoclastic activity by determining urinary hydroxyproline in osteoporotic women. The aim of this study is to measure urinary hydroxyproline (expressed as mg of hydroxyproline/g of creatinine) and serum ascorbic acid in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis and without osteoporosis. These biochemical parameters were determined 3 months post antiresorptive therapy (alendronate + calcium + vitamin D) in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients. 60 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis in the age group 45–60 years and 60 healthy postmenopausal women (normal bone mineral density) in the same age group were included in the study. Urinary hydroxyproline levels were significantly increased (P < 0.001) in PMO at baseline level as compared to control group. These levels were decreased significantly (P < 0.001) post therapy in PMO patients. Serum vitamin C levels were significantly decreased (P < 0.001) in PMO patients at baseline level as compared to controls. No significant change occurred of serum vitamin C level post therapy. Raised excretion of hydroxyproline at the baseline level might be due to increased degradation of collagen type I from the bone matrix in osteoporosis. Breakdown of collagen seems to be lowered as reflected by lowering of hydroxyproline excretion post antiresorptive therapy. Alteration in the concentration of this marker can be very well utilized to monitor the effectiveness of therapy. Thus simple, direct urinary assay to measure bone resorption is very useful in monitoring the therapy in PMO and may become an integral part of the management of osteoporosis.     

Effect of Lipid Profile Upon Prognosis in Ischemic and Haemorrhagic Cerebrovascular Stroke

Stroke is the third major cause of death worldwide. Elevated plasma concentration of low density lipoproteins and low plasma concentration of high density lipoprotein concentration are associated with an increased risk of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease but the relation between serum lipids, and cerebrovascular disease is less clear. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and accuracy of serum lipid profile in assessing the prognosis/neurological worsening in patients with ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebrovascular stroke. The subjects in the present study comprised of 101 healthy controls and 150 cerebrovascular stroke patients (including 90 with ischemic stroke and 60 with intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke). In both the groups fasting lipid profile was determined within 72 h of the stroke. A statistically significant association was observed (p < 0.001) between the parameters of lipid profile of cases and healthy controls, and also with the prognosis of the stroke.     

Comparison Between Serum Insulin Levels and Its Resistance With Biochemical,Clinical and Anthropometric Parameters in South Indian Children and Adolescents

There is a rising trend in the prevalence of insulin resistance among obese, overweight children and adolescents. The serum insulin and its correlation with biochemical, clinical and anthropometric parameters were evaluated in 185 children and adolescents (59 control, 52 obese, 49 overweight, 25 congenital heart disease) of age group 10–17 years. The levels of serum insulin were measured by ELISA. Serum insulin levels were found to be significantly increased in children who were obese, overweight and had congenital heart disease, than controls. Serum insulin levels positively correlated with BMI, WHR, and serum C-peptide, serum leptin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. Fasting glucose levels were found to be negatively correlated with serum insulin levels. HDL-cholesterol levels were non-significant among the study groups. We identified nine obese children (five girls and four boys) with the features of metabolic syndrome and 69% of obese and overweight children were identified with insulin resistance. Insulin resistance was strongly associated with metabolic syndrome and its components, especially with central obesity and hypertriglyceridemia.     

直播密度对富锌水稻锌含量及生理生化特性的影响

研究了不同直播密度对富锌水稻籽粒中锌含量及茎、叶、籽粒内在生理生化特性(如超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)的活性及叶绿素含量等)的影响。试验结果表明,直播密度对富锌水稻籽粒的锌含量有一定影响,随着直播密度的增加,锌含量呈下降趋势,而对各种酶的酶活影响不大。试验还发现,叶中各种酶的活性最高,茎次之,籽粒中最低。从总体来看,富锌水稻以播种量7500-8250 kg/km2为宜,此时富锌水稻植株中各种酶的活性、叶绿素和锌含量都较大。     

Reconnoitring the Status of Prostate Specific Antigen and its Role in Women

Prostate specific antigen is considered to be a tumour marker having maximum utility and specificity for prostate cancer since decades. After the discovery of methods to quantify different molecular fractions of prostate specific antigen (PSA), its usefulness in diagnosing early prostate cancer cases has increased tremendously. The “specificity” of PSA, is now challenged by many studies which proved that PSA, once believed to be secreted exclusively by prostatic epithelium, is also present in females. The exact biological role of extraprostatic PSA is still debatable though many theories substantiated by in vitro evidence has been put forward. With the advent of ultrasensitive analytical techniques, PSA is now quantifiable in female serum in its various molecular forms and this has led to many assumptions of it being useful as a marker in female breast cancers. In a similar scenario to prostate cancer, the ratio of free to total PSA is shown to be useful in detecting early breast cancer cases. It is also shown to be a good prognostic indicator and a predictor of response to therapy and recurrence. Apart from its role in breast cancer, it has been advocated to be a marker of hyper androgenic states in women like hirsutism and polycystic ovarian syndrome. Conflicting reports regarding the role of extra prostatic PSA is accumulating but it has been proven beyond doubt that PSA is no longer specific and confined to prostate gland. Various studies have registered that PSA is an ubiquitous molecule, secreted by hormone responsive organs and its synthesis is stimulated by androgens and progesterone but not oestrogens. In this article, a review of various literatures is done about the presence of extra prostatic PSA, its probable role in those sites as well as its utility as a tumour marker in breast cancer.     

Study of Association of Leptin and Insulin Resistance Markers in Patients of PCOS

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinological disorder among women of the reproductive age group with long term sequelae which include diabetes mellitus, hypertension and CAD. The present study was conducted to evaluate the association of leptin—an adipokine playing an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and markers of insulin resistance among women with PCOS. Sixty diagnosed cases of PCOS as per Rotterdam criteria were enrolled in this study after informed written consent. Insulin resistance was estimated using the homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). HOMA-IR was calculated as the product of the fasting plasma insulin value (mU/ml) and the fasting plasma glucose value (mg/dl), divided by 405 and HOMA β was calculated as 360 × [insulin]/([glucose] − 63) % (glucose in mg/dl). Estimation of serum leptin levels was done by ELISA using leptin ELISA kit from (DRG). A positive correlation of serum leptin levels was observed with markers of insulin resistance. Multiple regression analysis with HOMA-IR as dependent variable demonstrated a statistically significant contribution of fasting insulin levels. This study highlights the role of leptin in alterations in carbohydrate metabolism in patients with PCOS.     

Effects of insulin, glimepiride and combination therapy of insulin and metformin on blood sugar and lipid profile of NIDDM patients

In the present study the efficacies of therapy with insulin, sulphonylurea or insulin + metformin on NIDDM patients are compared. One group which was on a definite dose of insulin therapy, but with uncontrolled diabetes was treated by doubling the insulin dose, a second group whose diabetes was not controlled by glibenclamide was switched over to another sulphonylurea viz; glimepiride and a third group whose diabetes was not controlled by insulin therapy was switched over to a combination therapy with insulin +metformin. After recording their initial blood parameters all the groups were treated as above for 3 months, and the parameters were again determined. The fasting blood sugar and serum lipids of the first group were controlled significantly, but the values were far above normal range. However HDL Cholesterol and atherogenic index were near normal range. In glimepiride treated group, none of the parameters showed any amelioration. In the combined therapy group, control of blood sugar and atherogenic index was more or less the same as for group 1, but hyperlipidemia remained slightly above that of the same. From the findings we can infer that in long term diabetes treatment higher doses of insulin and combined therapy with insulin and metformin may be more beneficial than with low doses of insulin or sulfonyl urea alone     

艾灸疗法与推拿交互联和疗法对初中生近视的疗效和规律分析

目的:本文对我国近视现状进行分析,探究青少年近视的原因及青少年近视眼的治疗方法。方法:通过文献查阅及分析,查找对近视具有治疗作用的艾灸疗法、推拿疗法以及交互联合疗法,通过临床实践总结数据结论,进行对比分析。结果:艾灸与推拿交互联合疗法的疗效更显著。结论:艾灸与推拿交互联合疗法为缓解近视提供了方案,也为有效治疗近视眼提供了指标性保障。     

康复治疗对老年血管性痴呆患者认知功能障碍影响研究

目的:研究讨论血管性痴呆老年患者临床治疗过程中实施康复治疗方案对认知功能障碍的影响.方法:搜集病例时段为2019年1月至2021年6月期间,总计搜集30例血管性痴呆老年患者纳入研究,按照抽签评分方法对老年患者实行分组处置,15例老年患者为一组,组别为对照组、讨论组,分别给予常规西医治疗、康复治疗,针对组间临床治疗效果进...     

内源激素调控棉花纤维发育及品质的研究进展

棉纤维的发育受多种因素影响,近年来多项研究证实植物激素是纤维发育的关键调控因素,本文就植物激素对纤维发育各个时期及纤维品质的影响、激素相关基因的研究进展等方面进行了综述。     

Influence of Altered Hormonal Status on Platelet 5-HT and MAO-B Activity in Cigarette Smokers

The present study was designed to understand the cigarette smoking-induced alterations in hormones and the resulting changes in platelet serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) and monoamine oxidase (MAO-B) activity in chronic smokers. Human male volunteers aged 35 ± 8 years, were divided into two groups, namely controls and smokers (12 ± 2 cigarettes per day for 7–10 years). Results showed that cigarette smoking significantly (p < 0.05) elevated plasma triiodothyronine (T₃), cortisol and testosterone levels with significant (p < 0.05) reduction in plasma tryptophan and thyroxin (T₄). Moreover, smokers showed reduced platelet 5-HT levels and MAO-B activity. In smokers, plasma cortisol was negatively correlated with tryptophan (r = −0.386), platelet MAO-B (r = −0.264), and 5-HT (r = −0.671), and positively correlated with testosterone (r = 0.428). However, testosterone was negatively correlated with platelet MAO-B (r = −0.315), and 5-HT (r = −.419) in smokers. Further, smokers plasma T₃ levels were negatively correlated with platelet MAO-B (r = −0.398), and 5-HT (r = −0.541), whereas T₄ levels were positively correlated with platelet MAO-B (r = 0.369), and 5-HT (r = 0.454). In conclusion, our study showed that altered testosterone and cortisol levels may aggravate behavior, mood disturbances and symptoms of depression by decreasing platelet 5-HT and MAO-B activity in smokers.     

阅读疗法对医学类高职生人际敏感的干预效果

目的：本研究探讨阅读疗法对医学类高职生人际敏感的影响,试图为高校大学生人际敏感倾向提供理论依据。方法：采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）,根据统计结果筛选出人际敏感因子大于2的大学生45名,对其进行为期一年的阅读疗法心理干预。结果：阅读疗法后45名医学类高职生人际敏感症状显著改善。结论：阅读疗法确实能改善医学类高职生的人际敏感。