教育及教育出版中的数字叙事

根据数字叙事在教育领域的应用,以及教师和学生在数字叙事过程中反映的问题,指出数字叙事在教育出版市场大有可为：它是教育出版数字化变革的重要手段,也是满足读者可视化故事需求的重要工具。指出教育出版中的数字叙事可以选择讲述模式、模仿模式、参与模式和模拟模式,并按照不同模式的特点探讨故事（叙述）与游戏（互动）相结合的有效方式,为教育领域的受众提供个性化产品和服务。     

The Gutenberg‐e project: opportunities and challenges in publishing born‐digital monographs

The Gutenberg‐e project was created as an experiment to explore whether peer‐reviewed, born‐digital monographs would alter the way in which historical scholarship is presented, whether scholars would receive the same professional credit for these publications as for work published in print, and whether the project would enable publication of monographs that would otherwise be turned down by university presses for financial reasons. The project reached the following conclusions: authors and publishing staff collaborated in creating new models of scholarship and writing; over the course of the project, attitudes toward digital publications evolved toward acceptance of this new form of publication; the time and costs involved in creating these models exceeded expectations; continued experimentation is necessary in order to keep up with authors' growing expectations in publishing digital scholarship.     

Simplifying e‐book and print production

While XML‐based single‐source publishing is a powerful tool for streamlining the book publishing industry, it may not be the right one for every sector of the industry. For an industry that is part cultural and part industrial, the traditional workflow allows for creativity at every stage and this craft focus still deserves a place in defining how the industry functions. With simple and familiar tools, it can be possible to integrate elements of old and new principles to create a workflow that is streamlined and advantageous without being too radical a shift in practice. This article describes the factors that are important to creating publications in both digital and physical formats.     

数字叙事中的用户参与行为研究

在阐述数字叙事领域互动理论的基础上,借鉴美国学者玛丽-劳尔·瑞安(Marie-Laure Ryan)的"数字文本用户参与层理论",分析超文本小说、互动游戏、虚拟游戏等数字叙事中的用户参与行为.指出随着用户参与数字叙事深度和广度的加强,用户的参与行为在整个故事生成中的作用更加重要,但用户的参与行为始终受到故事情节和数字叙事系统的制约.     

数智赋能环境下的档案数字叙事模式研究

本文通过分析经典叙事理论以及数字叙事理论,结合档案叙事的用户、文本、技术层面,从数字叙事的逻辑、结构以及维度分析档案数字叙事模式,以期在此基础上对数智赋能环境下的档案数字叙事模式提出优化策略,从而促进档案的活化赋能,以及促进社会记忆构建和文化传承。     

Giving new life to out‐of‐print books: when publishers' and libraries' interests meet

The Library of the Université Libre de Bruxelles and Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles (EUB), the University's publishing imprint, have recently agreed to collaborate to provide free online access to recent out‐of‐print books published by EUB. The e‐books are available on the Digithèque website, a collection of digital copies of printed books created by the Library. This initiative is valuable for the scientific community and the general public who can freely access the books online, for the authors whose books have been digitized and widely disseminated, and for the publisher whose collections become more visible on the Internet, thereby generating more traffic on its website and potentially increasing sales of its other books. Around 20 books have been made available online so far. This article describes the context of the agreement, how the collaboration operates, the options of file conversion vs. book scanning, issues relating to copyright and users' rights, how access is provided to the digital copies, and future collaborative projects of the Library and EUB.     

London Re‐cut: Reclaiming History through the Co‐curated Remixing of Film

Abstract Film archives offer unique opportunities for co‐curation between collections‐based institutions and members of the public. By making available source materials and the tools to manipulate them, institutions can work with the public to develop new interpretations of their collections as well as to tap into the remixing and sharing cultures of social and digital media. Digital co‐curation projects can develop relationships with audiences that many institutions find difficult to engage, developing alternative narratives and reclaimed histories. This paper describes the evolution of an approach to co‐curation and the tools and strategies needed to engage users. It focuses on London Re‐Cut, a project to remix London’s film history, drawing on material from 11 film archives across the city. Projects such as London Recut suggest that audiences have both the enthusiasm and the skills to open up this radical “remix” approach to interpretation.     

Strategies for the Curiosity‐Driven Museum Visitor

Tracking studies show that museum visitors typically view only 20 to 40 percent of an exhibition. Current literature states that this partial use sub‐optimizes the educational benefit gained by the visitor, and that skilled visitors view an exhibition comprehensively and systematically. Contrary to that viewpoint, this paper argues that partial use of exhibitions is an intelligent and effective strategy for the visitor whose goal is to have curiosity piqued and satisfied. By using analytical approaches derived from “optimal foraging theory” in ecology, this paper demonstrates that the curiosity‐driven visitor seeks to maximize the Total Interest Value of his or her museum visit. Such visitors use a set of simple heuristics to find and focus attention only on exhibit elements with high interest value and low search costs. Their selective use of exhibit elements results in greater achievement of their own goals than would be gained by using the exhibition comprehensively.     

社交媒体中的数字叙事

分析社交媒体的涵义与类型和社交媒体传播形态的3大特征,研究叙事系统的基本构成要素,总结社交媒体中数字叙事的基本特征,即创作内容以叙事者本人为中心、创作者合作化、叙事文本多元化、叙事效果追求互动性与沉浸感,以期在此基础上探寻在社交媒体上进行数字叙事的理论与实践意义、前景与隐忧。     

Telling their stories: A study of librarians' use of narrative in instruction

Narratives are the heuristics the brain uses to make sense of the world. When they are embraced in teaching, they make the process more efficient, engaging and enjoyable for both students and instructors. While the insights of psychologists, neuroscientists and education researchers into the cognitive and affective mechanisms of meaning-making are not new, capitalizing on these insights in order to engage and instruct is part of a recent trend of evidence-based educational practices. This study is unique in that it uses a phenomenological methodology and semi-structured interviews with 19 academic librarians who teach in Canadian higher education institutions to determine what narrative tools or approaches they use, and to what extent these practices may enrich both their outcomes and their teaching praxis. The authors document the variety of ways in which librarians use narrative techniques instinctively, categorizing these teaching narratives into concepts with more granular themes. A purposeful use and reuse of these narrative techniques, the authors hope, will help inform librarian teaching and reflective practice.     

University presses and the impact of COVID‐19

University presses occupy a distinctive field of publishing, heavily tied to the fortunes of the universities and colleges in which they are usually situated. COVID‐19 has catalysed their adoption of digital technologies; focused their commitments to social justice; and given new impetus to business models and formats that fully leverage the Internet, especially open access. Economic pressures on higher education that seem set only to increase are also driving university presses to more interdependent approaches and an emphasis on the contributions of the university press network to knowledge infrastructure for the humanities and social sciences. This article explores how university presses have reacted to the COVID‐19 pandemic, with particular reference to the experiences of the University of Michigan Press. It concludes that the diversity of types of university presses is one of the greatest strengths of this field of publishing and makes it resilient in a time of unprecedented change.     

Evaluation of Touchable 3D‐Printed Replicas in Museums

The multisensory aspect of the museum, while neglected for many years, is undergoing a resurgence as museum workers have begun to push towards re‐establishing the senses as a major component of museum pedagogy. However, for many museums a major roadblock lies in the need to conserve rare objects, a need that prevents visitors from being able to interact with many objects in a meaningful way. This issue can be potentially overcome by the rapidly evolving field of 3D printing, which allows museum visitors to handle authentic replicas without damaging the originals. However, little is known about how museum visitors consider this approach, how they understand it and whether these surrogates are welcome within museums. A front‐end evaluation of this approach is presented, finding that visitors were enthusiastic about interacting with touchable 3D printed replicas, highlighting potential educational benefits among other considerations. Suggestions about the presentation of touchable 3D printed replicas are also discussed.     

Planetarium of the Future

Abstract Over the last decade, hundreds of planetariums worldwide have adopted digital “fulldome” projection as their primary projection and presentation medium. This trend has far‐reaching potential for science centers. Digital planetarium capabilities extend educational and cultural programming far beyond night‐sky astronomy. These “digital domes” are, in essence, immersive visualization environments capable of supporting art and live performances and reproducing archeological sites, as well as journeying audiences through the local cluster of galaxies. Their real‐time and rapid‐update capabilities set them apart from giant screen cinemas. Studies suggest that well‐designed immersive mediums communicate concepts better, create a greater interest in learning, and are more effective than a movie screen or television at conveying scientific concepts. This article introduces digital domes as a new medium, then discusses ways in which the potential of these environments might be tapped in the future to meet scientific and cultural needs in museums of all types.     

Open access — the rise and fall of a community‐driven model of scientific communication

• In 25 years, open access has become a significant part of scientific communication, but its success story should not conceal a fundamental change of its nature.
• Open access started at the grassroots, as a bottom‐up, community‐driven model of open journals and repositories but today the driving forces are commercial, institutional, and political interests.
• The fall of open access as a community‐driven model is running the risk of becoming dysfunctional for scientists and may create new barriers and digital divides.

     

增强型电子书的支链叙事:支链结构与故事建构

探讨支链叙事这一随着计算机技术和数字媒体技术的发展应运而生的叙事模式.指出增强型电子书由于支持更多丰富的多媒体元素嵌入并发展出了更丰富的内容形式,因此为支链叙事的应用提供了可能.论述支链叙事的形式及这一形式之表里,即故事建构和支链结构.以两本增强型电子书作为案例,总结和分析基础支链结构、折返式支链结构和前置因素影响下的折返式支链结构3种支链结构,以及由作者和读者共同完成的故事建构过程:作者负责情节设定和分支点设置,读者进行分支点选择完成叙事.     

网络环境下数字化教育资源共享模式探究

数字化教育资源是新形势下混合式学习的基础。依托数字图书馆网页整合技术,利用超星Medalink数据库可实现一站式元数据的整合,以改变目前教育文献资源共享方面存在的分散无序的现状,达到数字化教育资源的共建共享的效果。     

Internet‐based information‐seeking behaviour amongst doctors and nurses: a short review of the literature

Background: Reviews of how doctors and nurses search for online information are relatively rare, particularly where research examines how they decide whether to use Internet‐based resources. Original research into their online searching behaviour is also rare, particularly in real world clinical settings. as is original research into their online searching behaviour. This review collates some of the existing evidence, from 1995 to 2009. Objectives: To establish whether there are any significant differences in the ways and reasons why doctors and nurses seek out online information; to establish how nurses and doctors locate information online; to establish whether any conclusions can be drawn from the existing evidence that might assist health and medical libraries in supporting users. Methods: An initial scoping literature search was carried out on PubMed and CINAHL to identify existing reviews of the subject area and relevant original research between 1995 and 2009. Following refinement, further searches were carried out on Embase (Ovid), LISA and LISTA. Following the initial scoping search, two journals were identified as particularly relevant for further table of contents searching. Articles were exclused where the main focus was on patients searching for information or where the focus was the evaluation of online‐based educational software or tutorials. Articles were included if they were review or meta‐analysis articles, where they reported original research, and where the primary focus of the online search was for participants’ ongoing Continuing Professional Development (CPD). The relevant articles are outlined, with details of numbers of participants, response rates, and the user groups. Results: There appear to be no significant differences between the reasons why doctors and nurses seek online Internet‐based evidence, or the ways in which they locate that evidence. Reasons for searching for information online are broadly the same: primarily patient care and CPD (Continuing Professional Development). The perceived barriers to accessing online information are the same in both groups. There is a lack of awareness of the library as a potential online information enabler. Conclusions: Libraries need to examine their policy and practice to ensure that they facilitate access to online evidence‐based information, particularly where users are geographically remote or based in the community rather than in a hospital setting. Librarians also need to take into account the fact that medical professionals on duty may not be able to take advantage of the academic model of online information research. Further research is recommended into the difference between the idealised academic model of searching and real world practicalities; and how other user groups search, for example patients.