规律性太极拳锻炼对退休知识女性血脂、瘦素水平及骨密度的影响

目的:探讨规律性太极拳锻炼对退休女性血脂、瘦素水平及骨密度的影响。方法:通过问卷调查筛选退休知识女性122人,分为规律性太极拳锻炼组(42人),规律性健身走锻炼组(40人)和无锻炼组(40人),采用半自动生化分析仪检测血脂水平,ELISA试剂盒检测血清瘦素水平,DEXA骨密度仪检测骨密度。结果:规律性太极拳锻炼组的BMI、甘油三酯(TG)及血清瘦素(leptin)水平均低于规律性健身走锻炼组(P0.05)及无锻炼组(P0.01);总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)低于规律性健身走锻炼组及无锻炼组(P0.05);高密度蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)高于规律性健身走锻炼组及无锻炼组(P0.05);骨密度四项指标L2~L4(AP),Neck,Ward’s,Torch均高于规律性健身走锻炼组(P0.05)及无锻炼组(P0.05)。结论:规律性太极拳锻炼能有效地改善退休知识女性的血脂、血清瘦素水平及增大骨密度,提示这对降低心脑血管病发病危险及预防骨质疏松有积极的作用。     

健身气功八段锦对高脂血症患者血脂和脂蛋白代谢的影响

目的:探讨健身气功八段锦锻炼对老年高脂血症患者血脂和脂蛋白代谢的影响.方法:以50名老年高血脂症患者为研究对象,随机分为八段锦组和对照组各25人,经过18个月的健身气功八段锦锻炼,分别测定实验前后甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、载脂蛋白A1(ApoA1)、载脂蛋白B(ApoB)含量.结果:八段锦组TG、TC、LDL-C、ApoB和动脉粥样硬化指数(LDL-C/HDL-C)均显著低于实验前和对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05);HDL-C、ApoA1、ApoA1/B显著高于实验前和对照组(P<0.01或P<0.05).结论:健身气功八段锦锻炼可以降低患者的血脂,改善脂代谢,提示八段锦锻炼对预防和治疗高脂血症是十分有益的.     

体育舞蹈对中老年肥胖与超重女性身体机能影响

招募、组织中老年肥胖与超重女性进行16周有规律的体育舞蹈锻炼。对实验者实验前后相关数据进行实验研究。实验结果表明：经过16周体育舞蹈锻炼,实验者安静心率降低、血压偏高现象改善、台阶指数上升;肺活量大幅度增加,供能能力提高;外周血T淋巴细胞的增殖能力、外周血血清免疫蛋白IgG、IgA、IgM含量升高、外周血NK细胞活性提高。长期有规律参加体育舞蹈锻炼能够有效改善中老年肥胖与超重女性身体机能。     

强力适能瑜伽练习对健康中年女性血脂的影响

目的:通过分析受试者进行4周和7周强力适能瑜伽练习前后血脂指标和体成分指标的变化,来探讨瑜伽练习对中年女性血脂和体成分的影响.方法:15位无规律运动的健康中年女性持续7周的强力适能瑜伽练习,于练习前、4周后和7周后测血脂和体成分,血脂包括甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),体成分包括体脂肪量、体重、去脂体重(FFM)、体质指数(BMI).结果:瑜伽练习4周后各项指标均无显著性变化,瑜伽练习7周后TC、LDL-C、TG、TG/HDL-C与LDL-C/HDL-C有显著性下降的趋势(P<0.05),而HDL-C、体重、体脂肪量、FFM、BMI等仍无显著性变化.结论:无规律运动的健康中年女性经过7周强力适能瑜伽练习后血脂状况获得改善,而对身体成分则无明显变化.     

交谊舞太极拳慢跑运动对40-65岁女性超声骨密度及身体成份的影响

对62名40-65岁女性进行测试,探索长期运动对中老年女性跟骨骨密度及身体成份的影响。结果：在未绝经组和已绝经组中,运动组跟骨STI均高于各自对照组（p〈0．05）;运动组体成份指标LBM、SLM与对照组之间无差异（p〉0．05）;运动组PBF和WHR与对照组差异显著（p〈0．05）。可见,长期适宜的运动对提高中老年女性跟骨STI,控制身体成份具有一定的效果．     

不同强度运动对2型糖尿病患者血脂及Hs-CRP的影响

目的：探讨不同运动强度结合药物、饮食控制治疗对2型糖尿病患者血脂及高敏C反应蛋白（Hs-CRP）的影响。方法：选择102例2型糖尿病患者随机分为三组,于治疗前后分别检测血脂及Hs-CRP水平,并作比较。结果：治疗前三组患者甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和Hs-CRP差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。治疗后小强度运动组与对照组比较,患者TG、TC、LDL-C和Hs-CRP下降,HDL-C升高,但差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,而中等强度运动组与对照组组比较,TG、TC、LDL-C和Hs-CRP明显降低,HDL-C升高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：2型糖尿病患者中等运动强度结合药物、饮食控制治疗可以有效降低患者血脂及Hs-CRP水平,从而可能有效降低2型糖尿病患者并发大血管病变的发生率。     

健走运动对绝经后妇女雌激素及血脂的影响

为探讨健走运动对绝经后妇女雌激素水平和血脂代谢的影响,将40名绝经后妇女随机分为运动组和对照组。指导运动组23名妇女进行为期6个月的健走运动,实验前后分别测定两组雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)水平和甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)指标。结果表明运动组的妇女于运动后E2、P明显升高,TG、TC、LDL-C明显下降,HDL-C水平明显提高,与运动前以及对照组相比,有显著性差异(P<0.05)。运动后E2与TG、TC、LDL-C呈明显负相关。     

大学生饮食行为与营养教育

研究对象：为探讨健走运动对绝经后妇女雌激素水平和血脂代谢的影响,将40名绝经后妇女随机分为运动组和对照组。指导运动组23名妇女进行为期6个月的健走运动,实验前后分别测定两组雌二醇(E2)、孕酮(P)水平和甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)指标。结果表明运动组的妇女于运动后E2、P明显升高,TG、TC、LDL-C明显下降,HDL-C水平明显提高,与运动前以及对照组相比,有显著性差异(P＜0105)。运动后E2与TG、TC、LDL-C呈明显负相关。     

健身瑜伽对中老年知识分子血脂代谢影响的实验研究

为探索健身瑜伽对中老年知识分子健身防病的作用,测量中老年知识分子在瑜伽锻炼前后血脂、脂蛋白及载脂蛋白等指标的变化情况,探讨健身瑜伽对老年知识分子血脂代谢的影响.结果显示,瑜伽锻炼后的甘油三脂(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C),均低于锻炼前(P<0.05),高密度蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、载脂蛋白AI(ApoAl)、抗动脉粥样硬化指数(HDL-C/TC)和载脂蛋白A1与载脂蛋白B的比值(ApoAl/ApoB)显著高于锻炼前(P＜05);载脂蛋白B(ApoB)略有下降,但无显著差异(P>0.05).研究表明:长期瑜伽锻炼对增强中老年知识分子体质,防治血脂异常和动脉粥样硬化,有效地降低心血管疾病危险性,延缓衰老具有一定的作用.     

基于Mate分析不同强度体力活动对绝经妇女骨密度的影响

目的 通过meta分析系统评价不同强度体力活动对绝经妇女骨密度影响的比较,探讨适宜的运动处方。方法 通过在CNKI、万方、Google Scholar、Web of Science和PubMed等数据库进行检索,检索期限以建库至2022年4月为检索日期,收集不同强度运动对绝经妇女骨密度的RCT或CCT实验,使用Review5.4和Stata17.0对研究数据进行合并分析。结果 研究共纳入文献11篇,受试者共计518名绝经妇女。Meta分析结果显示：相较于低强度运动组,高强度体力活动可显著改善绝经妇女腰椎区域的骨密度含量（SMD=0.45,95%CI=[0.05,0.84],p=0.027）,而在股骨颈、大转子、髋关节和Ward三角区等部位并没有显著性差异,同时研究发现腰椎区域的研究存在较高的异质性I2=68.5%,对其进行单因素meta回归分析和亚组分析后,并没有发现异质性来源。结论 根据最优效应量分析得出：适应于腰椎的最佳运动处方为在高强度训练下每周训练超过3次,训练时间≤30min,干预周期≤6周的冲击类运动（WB）在改善绝经妇女腰椎部位骨密度含量要明显好于低强度体力活动,对预防绝...     

健身舞蹈对围绝经期妇女骨密度的影响

采用单光子骨矿物分析仪测定了81名围绝经期妇女桡、尺骨骨矿含量(BMC)和骨密度(BMD)。结果显示，绝经后组BMC、BMD显著低于围绝经期中的月经规律组和月经不规律组（P<0.01，P<0.05）;月经不规律组BMC、BMD较月经规律组下降明显（P<0.01）。坚持参加健身舞蹈的围绝经期妇女BMC、BMD显著高于非运动者。结果表明，骨量丢失在绝经前就已开始，应把围绝经期中月经不规律妇女作为重点预防对象，坚持健身舞蹈能有效维持较高的围绝经期妇女的骨矿量。     

传统体育项目锻炼对绝经女性骨密度的影响

目的：探讨传统体育项目锻炼对绝经女性骨密度的影响。方法：将60名绝经女性，随机分为非体育锻炼组和跳绳、木兰拳、太极拳套路及太极推手等4个运动组，经10个月的实验。结果：非锻炼组骨量丢失，骨密度下降(P＜0．05)，4个运动组的骨密度均增加(P＜0．05或P＜0．01)，其中太极推手组还测各指标及跳绳组桡、尺骨骨密度增加得更明显(P＜0．01)。结论：跳绳、木兰拳及太极拳等传统体育项目锻炼对绝经女性骨密度的影响是积极的，是绝经女性抵抗骨量丢失、促进骨密度增大的有效运动，并且太极推手对腰推和前臂及跳绳对前臂骨的影响更为明显。     

麦西来甫-木卡姆练习对维吾尔族肥胖妇女脂肪细胞因子、胰岛素和免疫球蛋白含量的影响

研究目的:探讨麦西来甫-木卡姆练习对维吾尔族肥胖妇女瘦素、脂联素、胰岛素含量、血脂成份、体成份及免疫球蛋白含量的影响.方法:39名维吾尔族肥胖妇女(48.67±2.38岁)随机分成运动组(n=20)及对照组(n=19),运动组进行24周麦西来甫-木卡姆练习(每周4次,每次60～80 min),对比实验前后各项指标的变化.结果:24周规律性的麦西来甫-木卡姆练习后运动组血清瘦素、胰岛素、TG、TC和LDL-c,以及体脂百分比(BF％)、腰臀比(WHR)、体指数(BMI)都有显著或极显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),HDL-c、脂联素及IgG,IgM,IgA都有显著或极显著升高(P＜0.05或P＜0.01).结论:24周麦西来甫-木卡姆练习可以有效改善肥胖患者血脂成份、体成份和脂肪细胞的分泌机能,并使“瘦素抵抗”、“胰岛素抵抗”及“脂联素脱敏”状态得到纠正,提高肥胖患者免疫能力,具有较高的健身功效.     

The components of the female athlete triad do not identify all physically active females at risk

Abstract

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of the triad components (amenorrhoea, disordered eating, and osteoporosis) in identifying physically active women at risk of long-term health problems. Eighty-two females (mean age 31.1 years, s = 6.7; body mass 58.4 kg, s = 6.6; stature 1.65 m, s = 0.06) completed training, menstrual, and dietary questionnaires. Bone mineral density and size-adjusted bone mineral density were assessed at the femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Seventy-eight percent of participants were eumenorrhoeic, 20% were oligomenorrhoeic, and 2% were amenorrhoeic. Thirty-six percent and 55% reported disordered eating practices in the present and past respectively. Eighty-one percent, 17%, and 2% were classified as normal, osteopaenic, and osteoporotic at the femoral neck respectively; 92% were normal, 7% osteopaenic, and 1% osteoporotic at the lumbar spine. No significant differences in femoral neck size-adjusted bone mineral density were observed between eumenorrhoeic and oligo/amenorrhoeic participants (F _2,80 = 0.119, P = 0.73); eumenorrhoeic participants had significantly greater lumbar spine size-adjusted bone mineral density (F _2,80 = 9.79, P = 0.003). Disordered eating participants had significantly lower femoral neck size-adjusted bone mineral density than those reporting no disordered eating (F _2,80 = 13.816, P = 0.000). Twenty-two percent of participants fulfilled triad criteria, while 55% were “at risk” of long-term health problems. An accumulation of conditions resulted in lower lumbar spine size-adjusted bone mineral density (F _1,80 = 6.074, P = 0.004). The current triad components do not identify all women “at risk” and more appropriate criteria such as exercise-related menstrual alterations, disordered eating, and osteopaenia are suggested.     

The components of the female athlete triad do not identify all physically active females at risk

The purpose of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of the triad components (amenorrhoea, disordered eating, and osteoporosis) in identifying physically active women at risk of long-term health problems. Eighty-two females (mean age 31.1 years, s = 6.7; body mass 58.4 kg, s = 6.6; stature 1.65 m, s = 0.06) completed training, menstrual, and dietary questionnaires. Bone mineral density and size-adjusted bone mineral density were assessed at the femoral neck and lumbar spine using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Seventy-eight percent of participants were eumenorrhoeic, 20% were oligomenorrhoeic, and 2% were amenorrhoeic. Thirty-six percent and 55% reported disordered eating practices in the present and past respectively. Eighty-one percent, 17%, and 2% were classified as normal, osteopaenic, and osteoporotic at the femoral neck respectively; 92% were normal, 7% osteopaenic, and 1% osteoporotic at the lumbar spine. No significant differences in femoral neck size-adjusted bone mineral density were observed between eumenorrhoeic and oligo/amenorrhoeic participants (F(2,80) = 0.119, P = 0.73); eumenorrhoeic participants had significantly greater lumbar spine size-adjusted bone mineral density (F(2,80) = 9.79, P = 0.003). Disordered eating participants had significantly lower femoral neck size-adjusted bone mineral density than those reporting no disordered eating (F(2,80) = 13.816, P = 0.000). Twenty-two percent of participants fulfilled triad criteria, while 55% were "at risk" of long-term health problems. An accumulation of conditions resulted in lower lumbar spine size-adjusted bone mineral density (F(1,80) = 6.074, P = 0.004). The current triad components do not identify all women "at risk" and more appropriate criteria such as exercise-related menstrual alterations, disordered eating, and osteopaenia are suggested.     

Sexual dimorphism in bone–muscle relationship in young adults

The purpose of this study was to analyse associations between lean soft tissue (LST), a surrogate of skeletal muscle mass and key fracture-related geometric characteristics of the proximal femur. Moreover, we examined the role that muscle played on the proximal femur geometry in response to physical activity (PA). Participants were 83 young adults. Leg LST (exposure) was assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Proximal femur geometry was derived from a left hip DXA scan. Geometric variables (outcomes) included the femoral neck axis length (FNAL), the femoral neck width (FNW), the neck–shaft angle and FNW|FNAL (an index of robustness). PA was evaluated by accelerometry. Linear regression was used to analyse relationships. Additional exposure variables included body height and mass. In males, leg LST explained 17.4% of variation in FNAL (P < 0.001) and 15% in FNW (P = 0.015). In females, it explained 8.8% of the variance in FNAL (P = 0.020). Associations remained significant in males, but not in females, when vigorous PA was added to the models. These results suggest that public health approaches to promote PA may be particularly important in females since vigorous PA seems to convey advantages in femur geometry and consequently in bone strength.     

Bone mass,bone mineral density and muscle mass in professional golfers

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of long-term professional golf participation on whole-body and regional bone mass and density. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was performed on 15 male professional golfers and 18 sedentary individuals, matched for sex, race, age (29 ± and 25 ± 1 years, respectively), body mass (79 ± 2 and 74 ± 2 kg), height (1.78 ± 0.01 and 1.77 ± 0.02 m) and percent body fat (20 ± 2 and 21 ± 2%; mean ± s _χ). We found that long-term professional golf participation is not associated with significant increments in regional or whole-body bone mass or density. Neither the lumbar spine nor the femoral neck showed any noticeable enhancement of bone mass in professional golfers compared with controls from the same population. The only effect of professional golf participation on regional body composition was a 9% increase in muscle mass in the dominant arm (P ? 0.05).     

太极柔力球运动对老年女性血清雌激素、肌肉力量及认知功能的影响

目的:通过分析太极柔力球练习对老年女性血清雌激素、肌肉力量、手臂稳定性、光辨别反应时、长时及瞬时记忆保持量的影响,探讨太极柔力球运动提高老年女性肌肉力量及认知功能的可行性.方法:选取老年女性29人,分为对照组(14人)和锻炼组(15人),对两组血清雌二醇、左右手握力、红绿光辨别反应时、手臂稳定性及长时、瞬时记忆保持量等各项指标进行比较分析.结果:与对照组比较,老年女性太极柔力球锻炼组的血清雌二醇(76.85±15.36 pmol/L;P＜0.01)、右手握力(278.36±52.36 N;P＜0.01)、红绿光辨别反应时(0.42±0.15 s;0.60±0.21 s;P＜0.01,P＜0.05)、右手臂稳定性(3.65±0.52 mm;P＜0.01)、长时记忆保持量(0.55±0.09;P＜0.05)及瞬时记忆保持量(0.62±0.15;P＜0.05)差异均有显著性;左手握力(225.69±18.67 N)及左手臂稳定性(5.3±0.99 mm)较对照组增高,但无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:大极柔力球练习可增高老年女性的血清雌二醇水平,对提高老年女性的肌肉力量及认知功能具有积极作用,值得大力推广.     

Higher bone mass in prepubertal and peripubertal female footballers

Objectives: The main aim of this study was to compare the bone mass of female football players with controls of different pubertal stages. Methods: Sixty five girls aged 8–14 years (10.14?±?0.1, Tanner stages I–IV) participated in the study. Twenty participants were prepubertal (10 prepubertal control) and 45 peripubertal (15 peripubertal control). All footballers trained two days per week while the control group did not perform regular physical activity outside of school. Body composition was assessed by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis of covariance was performed to evaluate differences in lean and bone masses. Results: Significant differences in lower-body extremities lean mass (LLM) between peripubertal groups were found (P?P?P?Conclusion: Female footballers showed higher bone and lean masses compared to control counterparts; these differences are already detectable at prepubertal ages and more consistent after pubertal spurt.     

Physical activity estimated by the bone-specific physical activity questionnaire is also associated with cardiovascular risk

The nature of physical activity that benefits bone is traditionally thought to differ from that benefiting cardiovascular health. Accordingly, exercise recommendations for improving bone health and cardiovascular health are largely incongruent. Our aim was to determine the associations between high-impact physical activity participation and both cardiovascular disease risk factors and bone mass. We recruited 94 men and women (age 34.0?±?13.3 years) to undergo measures of cardiovascular disease risk (BMI, total cholesterol, fasting blood glucose, waist-to-hip ratio, and mean arterial pressure) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA XR-800, Norland) measures of bone mass (femoral neck, lumbar spine, and whole body BMD) and body composition (whole body lean mass and fat mass). Physical activity participation was estimated using the bone-specific physical activity questionnaire (BPAQ). Those in the upper tertile for current BPAQ score exhibited lower total cholesterol, waist-to-hip ratio, and mean arterial pressure than those in the lower tertiles (P?r?=??0.49 to 0.29, P?P?=?0.008), with BPAQ score predicting 6% of the variance in BMD (P?=?0.02). We conclude that high-impact physical activity as captured by the BPAQ may be beneficial for both bone health and for attenuating cardiovascular disease risk.