法官职业的社会功能和价值取向

在中国的司法改革中，“法官职业化”这一目标的提出，蕴涵了法官不是被动反映纸面法律的保守力量，而是作为一种独立的职业力量而存在。对法官职业的功能和社会角色必须重新进行定位，从而引导“法官职业化”在观念层面上的变革。法官职业具有平衡社会利益冲突的整合功能、推动法律发展的变革功能、连接国家和社会的沟通功能；同时，法官职业必须坚持民间化、社会化的价值取向。     

论法官的角色伦理

法官不仅是公共权力的拥有者和支配者，而且是所有“官”中最具特殊意义的“官”，因其管理的是涉及社会正义之事，是正义的裁判者。因而，法官不仅要具备公仆意识、廉洁、公正的官德，而且还应具备其作为职业者的职业伦理，即刚毅、谨慎、平和。由于法官角色的特殊性，所以应加强对法官道德伦理的制度化培育，以维护法律的尊严和公正性，并保障社会公众的合法权益。     

法律观点释明的本土化——“新证据规定”第53条的逻辑意旨解构

“法律关系性质”和“民事行为效力”的释明问题在法律实务处理中一直处于晦涩不明的状态,《新证据规定》第53条对此问题作出了一般性回应,造就了我国法官释明的理论从“一般性法律释明”至“法律观点释明”的演进。由于庭审中法官对当事人的告知界址仍难以框定,导致了司法实务中法官审判权的弱化和释明程序的谦抑化,甚或法官释明选择权的扩大化和释明程度的逆向化。为进一步扩大法律观点释明制度的适用,未来对法官释明范围“遗留性”问题的修复,仍应以法官中立为中心,将防范突袭裁判和纠纷的一次性解决有机结合。     

法官的法律推理的心理分析及法官的自我超越

对法官的法律推理的心理分析表明，法律推理并非一个纯粹逻辑的过程，也并非一个恣意的过程。法官的非理性和理性、无意识和意识、个体性和社会性交互作用于法律推理。法律推理以法官的直觉为开端，渗透着法官的个性，同时受到社会文化因素的心理强制，借助法官的经验和智识而进行判断、推理，逐步获得对案件事实和法律适用的“内心确信”。若获得法律推理的正当性就需要法官的自我超越，超越个人的非理性、无意识和个性，求诸理性，以意识支配法律推理。     

论法官的中立性

法官“中立”是司法公正的内在要求和体现，它贯穿诸多诉讼原则和制度中。阐明了法官中立的基本含义和法官中立在我国现行法中的主要体现。尽管，在我国现行的刑事诉讼中设立了一些保证法官中立的法律制度和程序性规定，但是，仍有诸多不足之处，甚至有些制度和原则偏离了法官中立的基本理论，亟待修改和完善。     

怎样参加国家司法考试

从２００２年１月１日起，人民法院将一律从通过国家司法考试取得任职资格的人员中择优录用法官。“什么人都能当法官”的时代终结了，这是提高法官队伍素质以适应新形势的重大举措。２００２年１月１日起施行的新《法官法》规定，法官的任职人员应是高等院校法律专业本科毕业或者高等院校非法律专业本科毕业具有法律专业知识者，并需从事法律工作满２年；高级人民法院、最高人民法院的法官，则应有３年以上从事法律工作的经验。现未达到新《法官法》规定的任职条件的法官，必须在规定期限内达到条件，否则将免除其法官职务，调整工作岗位；…     

法官素质与司法公正

司法公正是实现“依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家”治国方略的基本内容之一，是司法活动的永恒主题，作为行使司法权的主体，法官素质的高低直接影响着司法公正的实现，因此提高法官的法律专业素质和职业道德素质，对于公正司法具有重要意义。     

“以法律为准绳”的法社会学思考

“以事实为根据，以法律为准绳”作为我国法律所明定的司法原则，是法治与人治的基本式别所在，强调并坚持这一原则对于中国法治现代化有着根要珠意义，但是，在法律运作过程中，宜加强对有限的法律文本以及文本与法官交互行为的法社会学考量。因为，受个性化“前见”或背景的影响，不同的法官对于有待解释的“文本”会有不尽相同或相异的看法，有时甚至会影响到法律执行的公正，因此，克服立法与司法间的张力，限定司法解释的合理范围，方能形成关于法律相对完整而客观的认识。     

法官角色冲突的社会学分析——对司法不公现象的理性思考

作为社会人的法官分化为“法律世界中的法官“、“权力结构中的法官“、“社会文化中的法官“三种角色.不同角色的主导性、司法是否独立、法律精神与文化观念的吻合程度是影响法官角色冲突的重要因素.对法官司法不公现象应作理性透视.从体制入手,为司法建立和谐的规范环境是实现法官依法办事、公正司法的根本之路.     

法官的法律性思维与法院判决的社会公信度——对河南省郑州市中原区人民法院先例判决制度的基本认识

司法裁判是法官运用法律性思维而得出的结论性判断.法律的概念性、规则性和逻辑性等基本特性决定着法官的思维方法.我们不能将成文法国家法官的逻辑推理仅描述为“三段论“,应该通过判例来细化法律概念,在案件事实与法律概念之间建立起可参照的联系,以获取“同样事项同样对待“的司法效果,提高法院判决的社会公信度.     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

不同的吃喝玩乐

一、吃和喝吃苹果 eat an apple, 吃药 take medicine,吃糖 have some sweets,吃饭 have one's meals,吃馆子 dine out,吃惊 be surprised/     

漏洞百出的教育

Many college freshmen arrive woefully unprepared to do college work, and as disadvantaged populations continue to grow, the share of the American work force that has made it through college is expected to plummet. Many experts blame that educational failure not just on high schools but also on colleges. School & College, a special report by The Chronicle, looks at efforts to fix the system. What reforms would better prepare students for college? What should schools and colleges be doing differently? How should state and federal officials help?     

Western and Eastern culture differences in commercial field

The communication of people partially is the communication of cultures. Culture has a direct effect on international commercial activities in all aspects. Different conceptions about time, space, equality, law and the like, lead people to deal with things in different ways. So to know cultures of the counterpart is to facil-itate our enterprises so as to have a smooth and successful communication in commercial activity.     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

风的曲线

Rosco and I wait for the fishermen to return.I sit at a wooden bench near the store at Mt.Baker Resort and watch the clouds change shape. Rosco has my belt around his neck and an eight foot tow chain hooked to a tree. Dogs must be on a leash. Ducks and rabbits are loose.