Higher Education Participation in Northern Ireland

Higher education participation in Northern Ireland is higher than England and Wales and second only to Scotland. This paper charts the progress of participation and examines its social characteristics. Uniquely within the UK, approximately one-third of Northern Ireland entrants come from working class backgrounds. Catholic and female participation has also increased significantly but the participation of mature entrants is lower than in the rest of the UK. High participation levels have been achieved, however, by large numbers of entrants leaving to study in Scotland and England. There is a significant undersupply of higher education places in Northern Ireland when compared with either Scotland or Wales. With the costs of higher education being increasingly borne by individual students and their families there is already evidence that more students would prefer to remain in Northern Ireland to study. Increasing pressure on places is driving up A-level entry requirements and many students are forced to leave Northern Ireland to study or not to study in higher education. These developments threaten the advances made by particular social groups. Lifting the MASN cap in Northern Ireland is a significant policy objective.     

Higher Education in Further Education: Northern Ireland

This paper reviews the provision of higher education courses in the further education sector in Northern Ireland. It charts the evolution of policy through the 1990s by examining major policy documents. It notes the chronic absence of reliable statistical and research evidence during this period. The available statistical evidence is reviewed. Key themes are identified including: localism, ‘non‐evidence based policy making’, higher education versus the demand for skills and community relations and equality. The innovative concept, now it would appear doomed, of the Springvale campus for west Belfast is examined. Finally, the paper notes that there is an urgent need to provide strategic direction to the further education sector as a whole.     

Access to and Participation in Higher Education in Northern Ireland

This paper summarises some of the key characteristics of access to and participation in higher education. In particular, it focuses on the key social characteristics of participation and the interaction with migration to study outside Northern Ireland. Key policy areas relating to student finance and widening access are also considered. The paper also reports on qualitative research conducted with Protestant and Catholic pupils from less well‐off backgrounds about attitudes to further and higher education. The paper concludes by suggesting higher education policy issues for a newly restored devolved administration.     

刍议高等教育平等

随着我国高等教育迈向大众化的连续2年大幅扩招 ,高等教育平等也如影相随地跃升为理论界关注的热点话题之一。那么 ,为什么要追求高等教育平等 ?应该选择什么样的高等教育平等策略 ?一、高等教育平等的缘由“平等”一词本身是与“效率”相对应的。“效率”一般指向事物、现象、活动的发展、成长的速度 ,多展示为明显的物质方面的效果 ,常用约定俗成的绝对量化指标去标识。“平等”一般指向事物、现象、活动的发展、进步的状态 ,多体现为隐性的精神方面的水平 ,常用不同侧面的相对质性指标去揭示。“效率”和“平等”都是人类普遍追求的共同…     

试析高等教育课程中的公平

教育公平是一个系统问题,它不仅包括教育机会公平,也包括教育质量公平。教育公平的终极目标是个体的全面发展和良好个性的充分体现。就高等教育课程中的公平问题而言,它是学生的平等权利和平等地位在课程中的体现。高等教育课程设计理应在课程目标、课程设置、课程实施和课程评价等方面为每个学生的发展设计最有价值的课程。     

特罗的大众化理论中的教育公平观及启示

近年来,我国对美著名教育社会学家马丁·特罗的高等教育发展阶段理论颇为关注,而对包含其中的教育公平的思想则较少论及。实际上,对教育公平问题的分析构成了其大众化理论研究的重要视角,本文主要探讨马丁·特罗对大众高等教育阶段教育公平问题的深刻而富创见的研究,文章最后分析了高等教育大众化与教育公平的两难选择及其对中国走大众化之路的启示。     

我国高等教育收费政策对教育公平影响的分析

推行高等教育收费政策,是我国现行以政府拨款为主,多渠道筹措教育经费新机制的重要组成部分。在分析高等教育收费政策对教育公平影响的基础上,提出明确学费标准,进行教育成本核算,采取差别学费政策,配套学生资助政策等系列措施,从而为完善我国高等教育收费政策,使其更好地体现教育公平精神理清思路。     

Higher Education and Industrial Development in Ireland

In the structures of European society, the institutions of education, state, industry and others have always been quite autonomous and largely separate from each other. This contrasts with the USA and Japan, where the linkages between the university and industry sectors have always been very strong and cooperation between the two has been long established. This paper addresses itself to the situation in Ireland and reviews the many institutional structures for university industry cooperation. The specific developments in University College Dublin are described and the benefits which such cooperation bring to both the university and industrial sectors are summarised.     

关于高等教育公平问题的探讨

目前,高等教育不公平现象表现为:不同地域的学生接受高等教育的机会不一样;不同经济条件的学生接受高等教育的机会不一样,不同学校之间竞争不公平。造成教育不公平的现象,既有历史的原因,也有现实的原因。从哲学视域进行理性分析可以看出,公平问题的产生有其必然性,教育公平具有相对性,教育公平与效率具有兼容性。     

论我国高等教育成本分担制度下的教育公平问题--兼论高校贫困生的入学保障

教育公平是公平概念在教育领域的延伸,它是衡量一个社会教育发展和文明程度的重要指标.在舒尔茨提出的人力资本理论和D·布鲁斯·约翰斯通提出的高等教育成本分担理论得到国际社会的广泛认可并作为我国的一项制度将在未来继续实施的情况下,贫困生因没有能力承担高等教育费用而出现的各种问题无疑是时教育公平的巨大挑战,这也使得如何在高等教育成本分担制度下更好地保证贫困生接受高等教育成为一个举足轻重的问题.     

浅析中国高等教育的公平与效益

中国的高等教育已步入大众化的发展阶段,越来越多的人拥有了享受高等教育的机会,但是,与此同时,高等教育中的不公平也日益显露,受到越来越多人的关注。引起中国高等教育不公平的原因是错综复杂的,应作具体分析。在关注高等教育公平的同时,高等教育的效益也是不容忽视的。高等教育的效益与公平是对立统一关系,应寻求两者的平衡、协调,唯有如此,中国高等教育才能获得长远的发展。     

Professional Educational Psychology and Community Relations Education in Northern Ireland

The events in North Belfast surrounding the children of Holy Cross Primary School have reminded us all, graphically, of how long and tortuous the path to lasting peace in Northern Ireland might be. In this very timely article, the author describes his practice-based research aimed at informing the processes of school improvement for peace and reconciliation. The analysis involves an exploration of the contribution that professional educational psychology might make to community relations education and to the broader project of inclusion and social reconstruction in Northern Ireland. The present article intends to contribute towards local debate concerning a reappraisal of the educational psychologist role. Furthermore, to be relevant to all educational psychologists who are interested in the contribution of schooling towards improved intergroup relationships and peace education.     

高校管理中的公平与效率

公平是一种特殊的平等,它必须遵循基本权利完全平等和非基本权利按比例平等的规则。公平和效率二者基本上是呈正相关变化。因此,在高校管理中要坚持公平与效率相一致、公平与效率和德治相结合的原则,以追求公平为目的,尽可能体现公平与效率的一致性。     

美国追求高等教育公平的经验与启示

美国为促进高等教育公平,保障社会处境不利人群接受高等教育的平等权利,采取了若干措施,积累了丰富的经验：政府通过颁布法令和财政支持,实行强有力的国家干预和强制性的补偿政策;实施早期干预;录取向少数族裔倾斜继而对所有种族平等对待;大规模、多层次的资助;学籍管理宽松灵活。这些对我国实现高等教育公平多有启示。     

Higher Education Reform in Taiwan and Its Implications on Equality

As a result of massification of higher education and the quest for competitiveness, the Taiwanese government has adopted a series of higher education reforms since the late 1990s. While the low birthrate has become a potential threat, recent developments in higher education policies such as the Program for Developing First-Class Universities and Top Research Centers, the Incentives for Teaching Excellences, and the new Multiple Examination Program have had considerable effects on students of different gender and socioeconomic classes. Even though the expansion in higher education has enabled many students to enter universities, inequality remains, as students from different socioeconomic backgrounds are distributed to different types/ranks of universities. Students from the lower socioeconomic class are mostly concentrated in private or vocational (science and technology) universities, while students from well-off families have better chances to enter elite universities. Moreover, the gender segregation in different fields of study has not been improved as a result of the aforementioned massification. Female students are still concentrated in the humanities and social sciences and encounter more difficulties in finding jobs upon graduation. Consequently, these graduates' salaries tend to be much lower compared with their counterparts in science and technology fields. The study further argues that class and gender are actually intertwined and should not be examined separately. In addition, issues such as race and disability need to be closely examined, as the number of students with mothers from Southeast Asia and Mainland China has been significantly increasing in Taiwan these days.     

个体平等,抑或群体平等——少数民族高等教育招生政策理论探究

由于少数民族高等教育招生政策是基于群体身份资格的限定来实施的,被认为是对个体平等的颠覆,目前少数民族高等教育招生政策面临的最大挑战是来自于教育平等的争论。所以,本文立足于中国少数民族教育招生政策,试图从学业成就归因、高等教育功能等多维度对中国少数民族高等教育招生政策进行分析,力图通过明晰少数民族高等教育招生政策所蕴含的平等涵义,明确和拓展对教育平等的理解,从而利于实践中教育平等的实现。     

论自考制度在大众化高等教育中的意义——以陕西高等教育大众化过程为背景

自考制度是高等教育大众化不可缺少的重要组成部分,它在入学与选拔、教育功能等若干维度上与普及型高等教育相一致。同时,它在教育公平、人才培养,服务社会等方面起到了举足轻重的作用。本文认为,应贯彻均衡发展的战略思想,以及在长期时间内,有效地发展自学考试及农工技术学科以促进教育公平,并认为自学考试办学体制中若干质的规定性具有前瞻意义,为推进适合陕西省情的大众化高等教育提供了参考。     

法治型教育公平观与构建和谐高等教育

和谐高等教育既是评价中国高等教育是否成熟、繁荣的重要标志,又是影响和谐社会进程与高等教育走向的一股巨大力量。文章提出了在社会转型的过程中,和谐高等教育的理念及未来发展图式的两个基本要求。和谐高等教育的重要意义及其提出的两个历史性要求,隐含了以法治型教育公平观构建和谐高等教育的内在必然性。