日本泛家族纵式组织架构下的民众依附意识

在泛家族纵式社会组织架构下,日本民众饱受传统的家族式管理与思维的文化熏陶,对集团或社会组织有很强的依附性,不仅对职业性隶属组织和上级唯命是从,而且对宽泛的社会组织团体、非领导地位的“前辈”也极力服从。日本民众的这种依附意识使人们普遍具有超强的集团主义意识,总能在自身归属的集团或组织内齐心合力地将其聪明才智发挥到极致,但同时也表现为组织制约下少有个性张扬的民族特性,导致政治上盲目跟风。     

日本人的行为方式与文化性格特征

日本是一个具有双重矛盾性格特点的民族,这种矛盾性格的形成与日本人的传统思维模式和价值观有着直接的渊源关系。日本人的主要社会价值取向表现为集团主义。这种价值取向一方面使日本人产生强烈的集团归属意识和对所属集团的忠诚心,另一方面也导致了日本人对权威的盲目顺从。等级序列意识是集团主义带来的一个副产品。等级意识使日本人常常敏感于自己在集团中所处的位置,在行为上表现出明显的对上服从与对下傲慢的特性。在生活态度上,日本人倾向于对事物本身直觉式的认可和评价,只重视现在而不太拘泥于过去,表现出十足的现世主义色彩。上述这些特征相互交叉、共同构成了影响和制约日本民族特性的深层文化要素。     

日本集团意识形成的原因及特点

东洋史研究者、美国驻日大使赖肖尔对众多日本人的心理素质评价认为,比起个人主义,他们更加重视集体主义。日本人的集团意识比其他国家的人尤为明显,因此,让人感觉日本人与其他国家的人有所不同。而这种集团意识是根据生活的基础场所、社会环境、个人价值观而后天形成的。日本人的集团意识在不断的变化发展,不同时期会出现不同的特征。     

浅谈日本人的“和”意识

<正>日本人重视"和",有明显的"和"意识。日本的"和"是求存于全体之中,由相应的行动妥善地保持一体的"大和"的一种意识。千百年来,人们赖以生存的农耕狩猎式的生产方式,要求其成员对抬头不见低头见的邻里乡亲及同舟共济的谋生伙伴都必须友善相待,以和为贵。久而久之,在日本由这样的"和"意识又产生了"ウチ"、"ソト"意识、集团意识和恩惠意识等,这些意识深植于日本社会及其传统文化之中,使得日本人     

漫谈日本社会的内外意识

在日本社会中普遍存在的内外有别的意识对日本人的思想和行为模式及至对社会规范都产生了深刻影响.文章通过阐述分析"内"与"外"的判断标准、范畴,以及在其影响下的集团意识和公共精神的差异,对这一现象进行了探讨.     

试析日本国民的集团意识

集团意识是日本国民的精神支柱和行为准则.日本人总是把自己作为集团的一分子,把自己作为整体利益甚至是命运共同体的一部分.这种特性的形成与日本的自然环境、历史渊源及教育、文化等因素密切关联.集团意识在日本国民的社会生产生活中发挥着极其重要的作用.集团意识是一把双刃剑,在助推日本经济社会发展的同时,也存在利己、排他、束缚个人发展等消极因素.     

从村八分制度看日本人的集团意识

日本给国人的印象除了富士山、樱花、和服以外,最为人称道的则是日本人坚决服从自己所属集团的这种意识,即集团意识。而日本传统社会中所保留的村八分制度正是集团意识的一种极端体现和缩影。文章通过分析村八分制度在集团意识中的体现,从自然环境、稻作文化以及儒学这三个路径入手,探究日本人集团意识形成的根源以及对日本社会的影响。     

日本人的集团意识及其影响下的商务敬语的使用

集团意识是日本国民性中最具代表性的方面,也是日本民族性格的有机组成部分,对日本社会的经济发展产生了至关重要的影响。简单介绍了集团意识的成因、集团意识在社会各领域中的体现和集团意识的两面性,进而将目光投射到日语中最为发达的敬语,特别是日本人在集团意识的影响下使用商务敬语的各种情况及意义。最终指出:文化会影响语言的表达和发展,语言承载着文化的内涵。     

日本的集团性社会文化

每一个民族都有自己独特的文化,对于日本来说,集团性是其社会文化的核心。在讲求资历的日本场所型集团社会中,序列意识构成是日本纵向社会的基础。在序列意识的基础上,日本形成了以武士道的"忠义"和儒家思想的"和为贵"为核心,以"忠孝恭顺"为宗旨,成员服从集团,下级服从上级的集团性文化。     

从“家”制度看日本人的集团意识

集团意识是日本国民性中一个很显著的特征,它对日本社会特别是日本经济的发展产生了非常重要的作用。从本质上说,日本人的集团意识来源于日本人传统的家观念。本文试从几方面论述家制度与日本人集团意识的关系及其影响。     

论沟通管理在高校青年教师发展中的应用

近年来高校的青年教师比重越来越大,沟通管理作为一种重要的管理方式在青年教师发展中起着必不可少的作用。高校应创造良好的沟通氛围,形成畅通的纵向、横向沟通的渠道,帮助青年教师提高教学技能与职业道德,同时满足他们的成就感、归属感和社交需求。     

School belonging among young adolescents with SEMH and MLD: the link with their social relations and school inclusivity

Despite the considerable institutional changes schools have made to accommodate the individual needs of pupils with special educational needs and disabilities (SEND), as underpinned by key principles of inclusion, there is still international concern about the mainstream experiences pupils with SEND have in school settings. This study helps us understand the schooling experiences of pupils with behavioural difficulties and learning difficulties by investigating whether they have a sense of belonging and positive social relations and whether these vary according to the level of inclusiveness of the school ethos at the institution they attend. Perceived social relations and feelings of belonging of 1,440 (282 SEND) young adolescents from three secondary mainstream settings that differ in inclusivity, were analysed using a self-reporting questionnaire. Findings demonstrated that pupils with SEND are not a homogeneous group, as pupils with behavioural difficulties were found to have less of a sense of belonging, and social relations than those with learning difficulties. It was also found that the sense of belonging of both groups is associated with their positive perceived relations with teachers and their inclusiveness of school ethos. These findings contribute as they offer ways of enhancing the sense of belonging of pupils with behavioural and learning difficulties in schools.     

A Technique for the Measurement of Social Adjustment

The importance of students' sense of school belonging for many adaptive outcomes is becoming well established; however, few researchers have focused on college-aged populations. In this study, the authors examined associations between undergraduate students' sense of class belonging and their academic motivation in that class, their sense of class belonging and perceptions of their instructors' characteristics, and their class and campus-level sense of belonging. They distributed questionnaires to students at a southeastern university; freshmen (N = 238) completed the questionnaire. The authors found associations between (a) students' sense of class belonging and their academic self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, and task value; (b) students' sense of class-level belonging and their perceptions of instructors' warmth and openness, encouragement of student participation, and organization; and (c) students' sense of university-level belonging and their sense of social acceptance. The authors found smaller effects on students' sense of university-level belonging for faculty pedagogical caring and for class-level sense of belonging.     

Social Predictors of Changes in Students' Achievement Goal Orientations

Declines in students' achievement motivation across the transition to middle school may be explained by characteristics of both the academic and social environment of the new school. This study proposes that students' sense of belonging in middle school and their endorsement of social responsibility, relationship, and status goals in that setting should explain, in part, changes in their achievement goal orientations between 5th and 6th grades. Longitudinal survey data from 660 students indicated that, on average, endorsement of personal task goals declined, whereas endorsement of ability goals increased across the transition. Increases in task goal orientation were associated with perceiving both a task and an ability goal structure in 6th grade classes, along with sense of school belonging, and endorsing responsibility goals. Increases in ability goal orientation were associated positively with perceiving an ability goal structure in classes, with relationship and status goals, and negatively with school belonging.     

School Belonging,Ethnic Identity,and Psychological Adjustment Among Ethnic Minority College Students

This study considers how the psychological adjustment of ethnic minority college students may be linked to a sense of school belonging and ethnic identity, two constructs related to individuals feeling like they belong to a larger group. Using self-reports from 311 undergraduates from ethnic minority backgrounds, school belonging was found to be negatively associated with depressive symptoms, and positively associated with perceived self-worth, scholastic competence, and social acceptance, while ethnic identity was only found to be positively associated with self-worth. Furthermore, the interaction between ethnic identity and school belonging was significantly associated with self-worth, suggesting that in the absence of a sense of belonging at school, stronger ethnic identity was linked to higher self-worth. College students reported the lowest levels of self-worth when they were neither connected to their college nor connected to their ethnic group.     

Building student belonging and engagement: insights into higher education students’ experiences of participating and learning together

Student belonging and engagement has received increased attention in the context of an expanding and more diverse higher education student population. Student retention is regarded as a priority with many universities augmenting their retention strategies to instil a sense of belonging. This article provides insights into first year Business Management students’ experiences of starting their degrees and retention interventions at a university in the South of England. It is based on findings from an ongoing study that applied Wenger's social theory of learning and adopted an appreciative inquiry approach to focus group interviewing to investigate students’ perceptions. Students developed a sense of belonging, constructed learner identities, made sense of their learning and gained confidence, but also experienced instances of tension and frustration that raise questions about the extent to which sociality practices within evolving communities of practice can address diverse engagement and identity development needs and mitigate disengagement.     

二本院校本科毕业生社会归属感预期的实证分析

二本院校本科毕业生就业后是否被社会接受和认可是衡量二本院校高等教育成功与否的关键。对二本综合型院校K大学的本科毕业生进行随机采样,调查学生对社会归属感的预期情况,用多元回归分析方法对影响二本院校本科毕业生的归属感预期的主要因素进行了实证分析。研究发现二本院校毕业生所在学校的社会认可度、所学专业和就业意向的契合度、所学专业的社会认可度等因素对其社会归属感预期感存在显著影响。     

“Whoa. You Speak Mexican?”: Latina/o High School Students’ Sense of Belonging in Advanced Placement and Honors Classes

This qualitative study explored Latina/o students’ sense of belonging in majority White and Asian Advanced Placement (AP) and honors classes in a diverse suburban high school. Using self-determination theory as a framework, I focused on three aspects of sense of belonging: social belonging, teacher–student relationships, and academic belonging. Ten Latina/o tenth- and eleventh-grade students participated in classroom observations, guided journaling sessions, and interviews to capture their sense of belonging in AP and honors classes. Although all of the participants expressed a lack of sense of belonging, they reported that they leveraged their experiences to motivate themselves, increase their engagement, and build resilience.     

流动儿童社会支持与心理健康：学校归属感的中介作用

社会支持对流动儿童的心理健康具有重要影响,其中部分是通过学校归属感的中介作     

A case study: Cultural preferences concerning the willingness of Batswana students to use ICT in distance education at North-West University

This investigation was conceived of as fundamentally interpretative and designed within the framework of hermeneutic phenomenology as it focuses particularly on the world as it is lived and experienced by Batswana Advanced Certificate in Education (ACE) students in order to determine the views of these students regarding their willingness to use Information Communication Technology (ICT) in Distance Education (DE). For this article, the researcher also undertook an interpretivistic hermeneutic analysis of Social Capital Theory in order to identify directions and norms which could serve as benchmarks to establish whether DE at the North-West University (NWU) could contribute to the structure of social capital. When implementing technology in DE, a sense of community should be created within which Batswana DE ACE students can function in a social structure and where a sense of social cohesion and interconnectedness prevails, as well as a sense of belonging Technology (whiteboards etc.) in DE should consequently be implemented according to the needs and skills of these students.