美国基础科学教育改革及其主要特点--兼谈加强我国科学教育研究

美国20世纪80年代中期以来开展的新一轮基础科学教育改革，是60年代科学教育改革的继续和深化。其基本特点蕴含着值得我国科学教育改革借鉴的丰富经验，如科学教育改革得到全社会的支持，尤其是科学界和企业界的大力支持；科学课程改革具有系统性和配套措施；科学教育改革高度重视科学探究和科学教育的普及；尤其值得我们重视的是，美国科学教育改革有大量的科学教育理论研究的支持。     

中小企业应对人民币持续升值存在的问题及对策

自2005年7月1日实施人民币汇改以来,人民币兑美圆持续升值。人民币持续升值使许多中小企业陷入困境。面对人民币升值给中小企业带来的困境,中小进出口企业在思想上没有引起足够的重视,在行动上显得手足无措、无能为力。尽管理论界提出了种种应对策略,但往往是纸上谈兵,理论性太强,中小企业无法理解并实施。本文从实际工作出发,详细分析了中小进出口企业在应对人民币升值方面存在的问题,并有针对性的提出了一系列对策建议。     

Meeting the Demands of the Workplace: Science Students and Written Skills

Over the last 15 years, surveys in a range of English-speaking countries, from North America and the United Kingdom, to New Zealand and Australia, have consistently shown that employers rank oral and written communication skills as highly as or more highly than any technical or quantitative skills. However, in New Zealand there has been very little research into determining exactly what is meant by the “written communication skills” employers state they desire. A further issue in this research to date has been a lack of differentiation between employers—no study has specifically targeted the requirements of employers of science graduates. This article reports the findings of ongoing research into the expectations of science students and of employers of science graduates, and centers around several key questions:

• What do New Zealand employers of science graduates specifically want in terms of their new hires' writing skills?
• How can information gained from employers of science graduates be used to motivate science students to take seriously the need to develop their writing skills?
• How can writing programs be evaluated and developed to help science students acquire communication skills that are important for their future learning and for their employment and promotion prospects?

Findings are compared with the findings of the 2004 National Commission on Writing's survey of American businesses.

     

振兴东北老工业基地化解银行对中小企业的贷款风险

振兴东北老工业基地,中小企业的发展占有十分重要的地位。中小企业融资难,银行对中小企业的贷款风险问题一直没有得到很好的解决,这是振兴经济的一个瓶颈。必须加强金融体系对中小企业的支持,为其创造良好的融资环境、现代的融资手段和金融工具,以促进其强劲发展。     

A Weak Association between Traits of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Gambling in College Students

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) has been characterized as a comorbidity to pathological gambling (PG). However, contradictory evidence has emerged, and it has not been established whether nonimpulsive features of ADHD (e.g., inattention, hyperactivity) contribute to PG risk, or how robust this relationship is in college samples. Using data from 224 college students, multiple regression analyses examined the association between ADHD traits and gambling. A marginal link between impulsivity and gambling emerged, but only in males; hyperactivity and inattention were unrelated to gambling. Therefore, caution should be used in attributing risk for PG to college students with ADHD traits, particularly inattention and hyperactivity.     

University-industry entrepreneurship: The organization and management of American university technology transfer units

Mechanisms for increasing technology transfer between universities and industry have proliferated rapidly in the United States as institutions of higher education have become much more entrepreneurial. The economic implications of these activities have received substantial attention and the sociological aspects of this process have been vigorously debated (e.g. the effect of university-industry relationships on academic integrity). Much less consideration has been given to the successful organization and management of these emerging university service units. The study presents results of a national survey of the organization, management, and perceived performance effectiveness of university technology transfer units. Units studied included: licensing and patenting offices (units seeking commercial applications for university research); small business development centers (units providing technical or managerial assistance to entrepreneurs or small businesses); research and technology centers (units operating or participating in facilities for the development of new technology); incubators (units managing facilities in support of new technology-based businesses); and investment/endowment offices (units utilizing the university's financial resources for equity in start-up businesses). The implications of the research for university management and government policy are explored.     

“心体关系”：从哲学视野到科学视野

心体关系问题是心理学学科中具有门槛意义的基础理论问题。对心体关系问题的回答中始终有一个无形的认识裂缝难以弥合,即：有形的物质载体是如何与无形的心理现象密不可分地嵌合为一体的？脑科学与基因科学的前沿进展为我们重新回答这一经典问题提供了新的契机。     

Pupil engagement in learning tasks: A fertile area for research in science teaching

This synthesis of research in academic engagement addresses studies in several academic areas. A general relationship of teacher performance and student engagement in learning tasks is noted. More importantly, a substantial relationship between degree of engagement and achievement has been reported in numerous studies. The paucity of engagement studies in science is surprising given the variation in engagement rates in science classrooms. Numerous research questions are suggested for science education researchers. A particularly fertile area for investigation is the categorization of engagement.     

和谐社会视角下的私营企业工人权益保障

改革开放以来,随着私营经济的发展壮大,私营企业中工人权益保障与私营企业发展的矛盾逐渐尖锐,只有采取切实可行的措施．保障私营企业工人合法权益,妥善协调劳资关系,才能保持私营经济健康发展,构建社会主义和谐社会。     

A government prepared: Organizing for math and science education reform

The reform of K-12 math and science education will require a national, multisector, bipartisan effort sustained for at least two decades. The effort will involve all levels of government, communities, local businesses, and schools. The federal government has a pivotal role to play.     

浅析民营企业全面预算管理

在发达国家,全面预算管理是广泛使用的一种企业管理方法,我国现阶段并未在企业中推行,尤其是在民营企业中。而事实上,民营企业面临改善法人治理结构和应对外部竞争等问题,推广全面预算管理更有其必要性;本文分析了部分民营企业在实行全面预算管理中存在的一些问题,并对如何完善民营企业的全面预算管理提出了建议。     

企业商品价格优劣分析及其应对策略

价格是企业的可控因素之一，但同时却又是一个十分敏感而又最难控制的因素。它直接关系着市场对产品的接受程度，影响着市场需求量的大小和利润的多少，许多企业为了扩大自己的市场占有率竞相打起了价格战。这已成为我国经济生活中的普遍现象。通过浅析价格战的优点与危害及原因，提出了应对价格战的策略，探究了企业如何从价格战中解脱出来。     

Creating Productive Interactions between Work and the Academy

Policy in higher education suggests that curriculum should be more responsive to economist arguments than was the case in the past. Although some guidance has been given to how to develop more work-integrated curricula, little attention has been given to interactions in meetings between workplace and academic representatives in which issues of curriculum development are discussed. As such there appears to be a gap in current curriculum theory. The author suggests that such interactions may be fruitfully examined using concepts derived from studies in the sociology of science and organizational dynamics. Such analyses may contribute to understanding what conditions enable productive interactions, which may be the development of hybrid objects and languages which speak to both groupings.     

基于SaaS的皖江城市带中小企业信息化建设研究

随着计算机、网络、软件技术的快速发展,企业管理模式的不断更新,皖江城市带中小企业越来越意识到信息化的重要性,但信息化所需的各种硬件、软件频繁更新换代,却是中小企业无法承受的。基于SaaS的皖江城市带中小企业信息化建设策略可以有效解决上述问题。     

《小企业会计准则》实施效应分析——基于蚌埠市小企业的实证研究

《小企业会计准则》实施一年有余,在现阶段研究其实施初期产生的影响具有现实意义。通过综合比较新准则与相关行政法规之间的联系和差异,分析新准则规定的变化对小企业会计处理及财务指标等方面产生的联动变化,进而得出新准则对小企业税负及融资方面的具体影响。在此基础上结合蚌埠市小企业实地调研数据,对进一步推进新准则实施提出可行的建议。     

制约小企业融资的瓶颈及对策

目前,小企业已成为我国经济发展中的重要力量,但融资难一直是制约其发展的关键因素．如何解决这一难题是我国金融市场领域的一个重要课题．通过对小企业融资难的内部和外部原因进行分析,提出了解决小企业融资难问题的对策,包括建立小企业融资机构、完善小企业融资担保制度、加大对中小企业融资支持力度、探索制度创新等．     

三羟甲基乙烷和新戊二醇固态相转变贮热的研究

本文用DSC法研究了三羟甲基乙烷（PG）和新戊二醇（NPG）及其混合物的贮热性能，结果表明它们是较好的固-固相变贮热材料．     

科学教育的人文价值

探讨科学教育的人文价值功能问题,近几年受到普遍的关注。本文试图结合科学教育理念,对科学人文的价值内涵做出更完整、更有针对性的阐释。     

Models in science and in science education: an introduction

This collection of papers contributes to the tradition of model-related research in education, and it does so in both the fields of pedagogy and epistemology. Hopefully the papers will deepen understanding and move the research field forward. The ubiquity of models in the history and current practice of science is widely recognised. In the past half-century historians and philosophers of science have devoted considerable time to documenting and understanding the role of models in science and social science. A minority of studies have engaged with the central epistemic question of the truth-status of models, and of how models relate, or do not relate, to the real-world processes that they are putatively representing. In Education research there has been a rich vein of such research investigating the use of models as aids to memory, as ways of bridging between the experience and understanding of learners and the more abstract theories of science; and there has been a lot of research on the efficacy of children’s own experiences of model construction and testing. Attention to the epistemological side of model construction, functioning and testing is of special current importance because of the unprecedented importance being given to ‘Nature of Science’ objectives in science curricula around the world.     

日本式雇佣制度和大学生就业

本文从不同角度分析1960年以后日本不同学历的劳动市场的变化过程。在此基础之上，回顾了高等教育的经济分析、日本的雇佣制度与学历主义关系、科学技术与高等教育的关系等三方面的研究成果。最后，对过去的研究进行评价，并展望了日本大学毕业生就业的未来。