两种PETS计算机自适应序列测试框架比较研究

根据PETS考试的特点,结合计算机自适应序列测试(CAST)的优势,研究者提出并设计了1-3-5三阶段和1-2-5-5四阶段两种PETS-CAST测试框架。为了检验两个测试框架的性能,研究者模拟生成了样本量分别为500、1000、3000、5000四个考生群体的能力值,然后,利用蒙特卡罗模拟方法,在试题参数已知的CAST框架上模拟生成考生的作答反应。研究结果表明,随着阶段的增加,自适应序列测试提供了更多的测验信息,能力估计的标准误逐渐减小,模拟能力与估计能力呈现出高相关。1-2-5-5四阶段测试对考生能力估计及分类决策的准确性更高,结果更为可靠。该模拟研究为PETS-CAST的具体实施在理论层面做了一些有益的尝试。     

实时线性考试的设计理念及实施

实时线性考试(Linear On-the-Fly Test,LOFT)是一种在计算机上实施的,以题库形式为发送基础的考试设计:根据事先设定好的规则,整套试卷在考生开考时随即从题库中产生,试卷之间题目或多或少总有不同。本文比较LOFT和固定试卷以及计算机自适应考试(CAT)设计之间的差别,并通过一个虚拟案例介绍考试主办方在实施这种设计时需要考虑的具体环节。     

分布式计算在计算机自适应测验系统中的应用

计算机自适应测验依据被试作答的反应自动选择测验项目,是项目反应理论与计算机技术相结合的一种考试组织形式。随着计算机自适应测验的使用越来越广,特别是在大型考试的实施过程中,服务器的处理能力成为制约考试规模的重要因素之一。分布式计算可以有效提高系统的载荷,为网络服务提供更快的响应速度。贵州师范大学CAT实验室开发的计算机自适应测验系统PowerCAT,运用分布式计算的方式,为大规模考试提供了可用的负载能力。     

一种新型考试方式--基于计算机的自适应考试

基于计算机的自适应考试是将计算机技术与自适应考试理论应用于教育测量学的一种新型考试方式。这种考试方式建立在项目反映理论基础之上,采用计算机为考试工具,它与以纸、笔为工具的传统考试方式相比,有许多优点。国外近几年的水平考试已开始使用基于计算机的自适应考试。我国教育界应重视这方面的研究。     

一种新型考试方法——基于计算机的自适应考试

基于计算机的自适应考试是将计算机技术与自适应考试理论应用于教育测量学的一种新型考试方式。这种考试方式建立在项目反映理论基础之上，采用计算机为考试工具具，它与以纸、笔为工具的传统考试方式相比，有许多优点。国外近几年的水平考试已开始使用基于计算机的自适应考试。我国教育界应重视这方面的研究。     

基于.NET的网络自适应考试系统的设计与实现

基于项目反应理论的计算机自适应考试是一种新型的考试形式,文中阐述了项目反应理论的基本原理,在.NET平台上以VB.NET为编程语言结合ADO.NET和SQL Server,设计并开发了一个功能比较完善的,基于W eb的自适应考试系统.该系统实现了网络化的计算机自适应考试以及较完善的题库、考务管理等辅助功能.     

基于.NET的网络自适应考试系统的设计与实现

基于项目反应理论的计算机自适应考试是一种新型的考试形式,文中阐述了项目反应理论的基本原理,在.NET平台上以VB.NET为编程语言结合ADO.NET和SQL Server,设计并开发了一个功能比较完善的,基于Web的自适应考试系统.该系统实现了网络化的计算机自适应考试以及较完善的题库、考务管理等辅助功能.     

基于项目反应理论的自适应考试系统

计算机自适应考试是建构在项目反应理论基础上的一种考试方式,它能根据考生答题的情况不断计算受试者的能力值及信息量,并实时地根据这些参数调整出题策略,使用计算机自适应考试可以更真实地反映受试者的水平和特点。     

计算机自适应考试系统研究

本文结合专家经验确定法和项目反应理论,设计出一种简明、实用的计算机自适应考试系统的试题难度确定方法,同时重点分析计算机自适应考试系统的测试起点、终点选择,选题策略和能力值估计方法。最后列举了一个自适应测试的步骤实例。本系统能够根据不同能力被试者随机选择试题项目,减少了测试长度,与传统在线考试系统相比提高了考试效率。     

基于题目反应理论的网络自适应考试

随着计算机的普及、网络的发展、教学和考试测评理论的更新,一种基于题目反应理论的计算机自适应考试已经越来越普及,它以其题目适应不同能力学生水平自动变化的特点,已经被越来越多的考试所采用,针对题目反应理论,需要对自适应考试实现等问题加以论述。     

Some Practical Examples of Computer-Adaptive Sequential Testing

Computerized testing has created new challenges for the production and administration of test forms. Many testing organizations engaged in or considering computerized testing may find themselves changing from well-established procedures for handcrafiing a small number of paper-and-pencil test forms to procedures for mass producing many computerized test forms. This paper describes an integratedapproach to test development and administration called computer-adaptive sequential testing, or CAST. CAST is a structured approach to test construction which incorporates both adaptive testing methods with automated test assembly to allow test developers to maintain a greater degree of control over the production, quality assurance, and administration of different types of computerized tests. CAST retains much of the efficiency of traditional computer adaptive testing (CAT) and can be modified for computer mastery testing (CMT) applications. The CAST framework is described in detail and several applications are demonstrated using a medical licensure example.     

The Barnum Effect and Chaos Theory: Exploring College Student ACOA Traits

The literature both supports and challenges the notion that adult children of alcoholics are a distinct and homogenous group. College students (n = 200) were placed into one of four categories: Adult Children of Alcoholics, Adverse Childhood Event Group, Alcohol and Adverse Childhood Event Group, and the No Adverse Event Group. Participating college students then completed instruments that measured drug and alcohol use, adult children of alcoholics traits, defensiveness, impulsivity, and resistance to change. Differences surfaced on two instruments, the Drug Abuse Screening Inventory and the Children of Alcoholics Scale. Adult children of alcoholics were overrepresented as CAST+ and underrepresented as CAST–. The Alcohol and Adverse Event groups were underrepresented in the DAST+ category.     

Checklist for assessment of science teachers and its use in a science preservice teacher education project

The purposes of this study were to develop instruments to assess the nature of student-teacher relations and classroom activities, and the personal adjustment of preservice science teachers in two concurrent programs and to see if the two groups differed significantly in the three areas measured by the Checklist for Assessment of Science Teachers (CAST). The CAST was completed by university supervisors, cooperating teachers, and classroom pupils in terms of 92 secondary student teachers at the completion of three student teaching quarters. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to detect differences between treatment groups. The major differences between the two groups of science student teachers were the types of classroom activities used and the nature of their student-teacher (teacher-pupil) relations.     

A Dance with the Butterflies: A Metamorphosis of Teaching and Learning Through Technology

This paper describes a web-based collaborative project called A Dance with the Butterflies that applied the brain-based research of the Center for Applied Special Technologies (CAST) and principles of Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to Pre-K-4 science curriculum. Learning experiences were designed for students to invoke the Recognition, Strategic, and Affective neural networks for learning identified in the CAST research. Instruction was based on the Science Education content standard that all students should develop an understanding of the characteristics, life cycles, and environments of living organisms. Teachers designed interdisciplinary projects for students with the metamorphosis of the butterfly as the theme the unit. Participants from nine states and four countries learned about UDL to transform teaching and to collaborate through a blog that supported their learning. They shared new technology applications for use in their projects. The learning that occurred and the excitement to use technology for learning clearly demonstrate the power of the UDL framework for increasing engagement and understanding by all learners.     

基于专利指标的美国电气技术发展趋势探究

利用“中国科协专利数据库”对1998~2012年美国电气技术领域专利申请进行检索分析。本研究以电气技术一级技术领域、二级技术领域和IPC三个层面的专利指标为基础,分析判断美国电气技术发展趋势。发现美国电气技术发展与经济环境和创新思路关联较大,近年来美国电气技术领域的专利申请主要以电网智能化为目标,主要专利热点分布在电机与电器、通信技术与信息化技术领域。     

Children of Alcoholics in the schools: Where are they? their representation in special education

The hypothesis that there is a greater frequency of children of alcoholics in special classes for Emotional/Behavioral Disordered (ED) and Learning Disabled (LD) children was explored. A random sample of students in ED, LD, and regular classes was selected and administered the Children of Alcoholics Screening Test. Parents completed the Friel Co-Dependency Assessment Inventory. An analysis of variance in CAST and FCAI scores did not reveal any significant differences among groups. Significant differences were noted in the relationship of marital status and chemical dependency in immediate family. Reported incidence of chemical dependency in the immediate family was identified as a concern warranting further exploration. Issues that may have affected the study such as sample size, respondent participation, and various roles exhibited in the family were considered. The possible impact alcoholism has on children and appropriate program intervention in the schools were discussed.     

Fear appeals in the primary classroom: Effects on test anxiety and test grade

The present study investigated whether fear appeals used prior to a test increased self-reported test anxiety and had a detrimental effect on test scores. Forty primary school pupils were instructed for one week under a low threat condition under which no fear appeals were made and another week under a high threat condition in which fear appeals were made salient. An end-of-week test was given in both conditions. Pupils reported an increase in test anxiety related worrisome thoughts and autonomic reactions under the high threat condition, but not in off-task behaviours. Test scores were lower under the high threat condition, but were not attributable to the increases in test anxiety related thoughts and autonomic reactions. This study adds weight to the argument that fear appeals are a damaging classroom strategy, but the mechanism by which fear appeals are reducing test scores is not yet clear.     

Computerized Adaptive and Fixed-Item Testing of Music Listening Skill: A Comparison of Efficiency, Precision, and Concurrent Validity

We evaluated the efficiency, precision, and concurrent validity of results obtained from adaptive and fired-item music listening tests in three studies: (a) a computer simulation study in which each of 2,200 simulees completed a computerized adaptive tonal memory test, a computerized fired-item tonal memory test constructed from items in the adaptive test pool and two standardized group-administered tonal memory tests; (b) a live testing study in which each of 204 examinees took the computerized adaptive test and the standardized tests; and (c) a live testing study in which randomly equivalent groups took either the computerized adaptive test (n = 86) or the computerized fired-item test (n = 86). The adaptive music test required 50% to 93% fewer items to match the reliability and concurrent validity of the fired-item tests, and it yielded higher levels of reliability and concurrent validity than the fired-item tests when test length was held constant. These findings suggest that computerized adaptive tests, which typically have been limited to visually produced items, may also be well suited for measuring skills that require aurally produced items.     

传统完形填空与C-试题的效度对比研究

通过定性和定量研究，分析传统完形填空中的定距删词和C—试题在中国英语考试中的效度。对比研究发现，在试题的编写、评分和信度方面，C—试题优于传统完形填空，它简单、经济、客观、信度高。传统完形填空则在效度方面高于C—试题，建议将其作为一种替换题型用于综合英语能力考试中。C—试题可作为一种词汇练习形式用于课堂练习或词汇测试中。     

Metacognition as a Mediator of the Effect of Test Anxiety on a Surface Approach to Studying

This study investigated the role of metacognition as a mediator of the effect of test anxiety on a surface approach to studying. The following scales were completed by 109 undergraduate social sciences students: Approaches and Study Skills Inventories for Students (ASSIST), Metacognitions Questionnaire (MCQ), and Test Anxiety Scale (TAS). Positive and significant correlations were observed between test anxiety and a surface approach to studying, and between all five dimensions of metacognition and test anxiety. Positive and significant correlations were also found between four of the five dimensions of metacognition and a surface approach to studying. Structural equation modelling was used to test a mediational model in which test anxiety predicted metacognition which in turn predicted a surface approach to studying. The results supported the hypothesis that the effect of test anxiety on a surface approach to studying is entirely mediated by metacognition. The practical implications of these findings are outlined.