论语境词义在翻译中的作用

通顺流畅、韵味十足的译作必定是单词的词典意义与语境结合的产物。离开语境谈词义,译者得到的必然是事倍功半的效果。在翻译中,语境对于词义的理解所起的作用是词典所无法替代的:语境告诉你什么时候查词典,求词义;语境帮助确定词义;语境使词义具体化。     

语境制约下词义的表层、深层语义指向和显现

语境能确定或限定话语中词语各种各样的意义,制约着词义的理解,对词义具有调适作用:使词义单一化,使词义具体化,使词义延伸,赋予词语临时意义,赋予词语修辞意义。词语的这种受语境调适产生的言语义称作语境义,它在话语中常表现为表层语境义和深层语境义两个层次:表层语境义是理性意义项目在语境中的再现,体现着语境对词义项目的选择性;深层语境义往往是在词语原有概念的基础上通过语境的作用而生成了一个新的概念,词义发生了根本性的变化,主观性很强。两者皆与语境信息息息相关。     

浅析语境对词义的制约作用

本文运用词义与语境的相关理论,将语境与词义相结合,具体分析了语境的含义以及语境对词义的制约作用.通过分析、研究,得出以下结论：语境使词汇的意义单一化和具体化.在交际信息传递的过程中,语境因素影响词义的理解;词汇的意义离不开语境,一旦它离开特定的语境,信息就无法准确的传达.在学习过程中,我们要加强语境意识,充分利用语言语境,情景语境和文化语境,准确地把握词义.     

英语翻译中语境对词义的影响

词义与语境有着密不可分的关系。从狭义的言语环境来说,单词需要具体的语境来确定其内涵,语境的变化决定着词义的变化,若是脱离了语境,词义就存在局限性。从广义的语境来看,言语表达时的情景语境和社会文化语境,都是影响词义的重要因素。     

语境与词义理解--英译汉的词义探讨

词义依赖语境,语境制约着词义.在英译汉时,利用语境确定所指,使原文中词的多义和歧义现象获得明确的单一性;依据原文特定语境的表达需要创造译文特殊的表达形式;通过语境确定词义的褒贬内涵;利用语境消除含糊,使词义具体化;借助语境的补衬作用,正确获得言外之意.     

语境视域下的汉语词义研究

汉语词义与语境密切相关,它依赖语境而存在,又在语境的制约与影响中不断演变、发展。语境能够使词义变得具体而单一,赋予词汇灵活多变的临时意义,并制约着词义的选择。从语境的角度研究词义,弥补了以往单纯研究词语静态语言义的不足,使词语在动态运用中真正实现其交际工具的价值,同时也促使词义分析变得更加全面、科学。总之,语境是汉语词义存在和发展的土壤,语境分析对词义研究至关重要。     

英语语境的分类及其对词义的作用

英语中大多数词都具有一个以上的意义,所以一个词如果没有具体的语境就很难确定其含义.由于词义受语境的影响较大,语境在对词义的理解上所起到的作用也就很大.有了语境,就没有了误解的危险,因为词义存在于语境之中,语境决定词义.     

语境与口译技能训练

语境是重要的语言学领域,与实践结合紧密。通过研究可证明语境与词义的影响是相互的,语境可以影响词义、词义也能改变语境。从语境的角度看口译实践,口译中译员的语境有且唯一,要做到保留原文语境,译员必须注意词义的选取。口译实践中必须考虑到语境因素,应结合口译活动的特点充分利用语境为交际服务,而不能混淆或自造语境。     

语境对词义演变和词义运用的影 响

从语境与词义的定义入手,结合相关语料,剖析语境对词义演变和词义运用产生的影响。结果表明,语境不仅是导致词义演变的一个重要因素,而且还会影响到词义组合在语言中的具体运用。     

从“小姐”一词看词义变异的社会语境因素

语言是一种特殊的信息系统,语言系统所承载的意义,不论是词义、句义还是语篇意义,往往都取决于语境.词义的发展演变总是随着语境的发展演变而发展演变.在话语语境的分类当中,社会语境是一个很重要的分支.词义是以客观事物为基础与前提的,社会发生了变化,客观事物发生了变化,词义必然发生变化.社会语境的变化引起了词义扩大、词义缩小、词义转移和词义的感情色彩变化.     

空白与情境空间的写意性

画面情境代替“空白”空间，从整体关系的层面上凸现情境空间的写意性，使写意这一中国绘画艺术的传统特征，在新的历史条件下，得以继承和发扬。     

基于神经网络的语境特征对 must语义排歧影响研究

英语情态动词的一词多义给自然语言处理带来了很大困难。情态动词语义对语境很敏感,发现影响情态动词语义的主要语境因素对情态动词特征选择、机器翻译等都十分重要。因此,采用神经网络技术对英语情态动词进行语义排歧,并确定不同语境特征对语义排歧结果的影响。基于一个 100 万字的语料库,以英语情态动词 must 为例,从语境中提取影响 must 语义的语义特征和句法特征,计算并确定这些特征向量值,建立可区分根情态与认识情态语义的 BP 神经网络,排歧正确率达到 94%。在此基础上,通过实验研究确定不同语境特征对情态动词 must 语义排歧的影响程度等级。该研究结果为情态动词语义排歧及情态动词语义人工识别提供了重要依据。     

特殊教育教师生命意义、教学效能感对周边绩效的调节中介效应研究

相对于一般院校对工作绩效的强调,特殊教育教师更看重周边绩效对特殊儿童青少年的影响.本研究探讨了生命意义与教学效能对特殊教育教师周边绩效的影响.采用生命意义问卷、教学效能量表和周边绩效量表为测量工具,对长春市、吉林市、哈尔滨市4所特殊教育学校进行整群随机抽样,获取有效样本117名.结果表明:(1)特殊教育教师教学效能感作为生命意义与周边绩效间的中介效应,传递生命意义对周边绩效的间接影响;(2)特殊教育教师生命意义与教学效能感交互作用显著,较高的生命意义可以有效调节教学效能感对周边绩效的促进作用.这说明,特殊教育教师生命意义与教学效能感对周边绩效的作用机制同时存在着两种效应,特殊教育教师生命意义作为自变量,在以教学效能感为中介变量传递对周边绩效间接效应的同时,又作为调节变量并且与教学效能感交互作用显著,调节教学效能感对周边绩效的促进作用.     

高职英语词汇教学方法探讨

词汇在英语中十分重要,词汇教学同样也是英语教学的一个重要环节.教师可以通过结合语音知识、讲授构词法、语义法、使用对比法、提供背景知识、使用猜词法等进行词汇教学,以提高学生词汇量.     

Language Brokering and Depressive Symptoms in Mexican‐American Adolescents: Parent–Child Alienation and Resilience as Moderators

This study aimed to untangle the mixed effects of language brokering by examining a contextual factor (i.e., parent–child alienation) and a personal attribute (i.e., resilience) that may relate to adolescents’ feelings during translating (i.e., sense of burden and efficacy) and that may moderate the association between such feelings and adolescent depressive symptoms. Participants included 557 adolescent language brokers (M_age = 12.96) in Mexican‐American families. Results showed that adolescents with a strong sense of alienation from parents or low resilience (a) experienced more burden or less efficacy in translating and (b) were more susceptible to the detrimental effects of feeling a sense of burden and the beneficial effects of experiencing a sense of efficacy, as measured by depressive symptoms.     

Pedagogical transitions among science teachers: how does context intersect with teacher beliefs?

This paper examines attitudes to pedagogical change, among teachers within a second level science department in Ireland. It explores the beliefs and contextual constraints that mediate diversification from a primarily didactic pedagogical approach towards more student-led pedagogies. Using a multi-method approach incorporating observations of teaching, focus group interviews, one to one interviews and open-ended questionnaires, findings were analysed inductively to generate a number of themes. The findings suggest that a teacher’s sense of identity and beliefs are significant influences on their predisposition towards pedagogical change. Interestingly, the middle class, academic context of the school and the terminal Leaving Certificate state examination, were both identified as latent contextual barriers to pedagogical change. The implementation of curricular reform at Junior Cycle level in Ireland is ongoing, with a new science specification in place since September 2016. This specification has a significant student-led and skill-based emphasis and varied pedagogical approaches are necessary to effectively deliver this new curriculum. Professional development is available to assist teachers with the curricular reform. However, findings in this paper suggest that intrinsic beliefs and contextual constraints may limit access to, or meaningful engagement with such training, negating pedagogical change for some teachers and their students.     

第二语言写作教学方法研究综述

本文着重于研究跟第二语言写作有关的主要传统的和现代的研究和教学方法,包括"受控写作"、"段落模式写作"、过程方法、学术方向写作、基于网络平台的写作教学模式等。其中有些现代写作方法的研究领域涉及项目的、语篇的、学科的、政治的、还有网络技术的问题。最后,作者指出相关领域的教育者和研究人员应考虑利用理论知识和调查结果自己判断什么是真正对学生有用的模式。     

In terror's wake: Text,power and knowledge in the aftermath of 11 September, 2001

Abstract

Terror, war, death and destruction are on the lips of politicians, commentators, observers and activists concerned with the ‘war against terror’. Since the tragic events of 11 September, 2001 various intellectual struggles, tensions and controversies have arisen as writers, often from hostile and competing camps, seek to understand and interpret the nature, meaning and consequences of the attack. This article focuses on three genres of post‐'9/11’ textual discourse that have arisen in book form: ‘critical contextual’, ‘moral philosophical’ and ‘reflective parochial’. Each body of work is distinguished broadly by a shared analytical and intellectual trajectory that defines its discursive parameters of analysis and interpretation. We argue that given the prevailing political context in the wake of 11 September — typified by a deep sense of insecurity, risk, suspicion of uncertainty, and denial of ethical dilemmas ‐ and many of the policy measures that have resulted from these, critical contextual texts have been largely relegated by the powerful to the margins of heretic ‘irrelevance’. Despite this, critical contextual works have undoubtedly had a profound and lasting effect upon ‘public opinion’, in spite of attempts to diminish the credibility of such accounts.     

Preservice teachers’ sense of preparedness and self-efficacy to teach in America’s urban and suburban schools: Does context matter?

The researcher examined the influence that school contextual factors have on American preservice teachers’ sense of preparedness to teach and culturally responsive teaching self-efficacy appraisals. The findings suggest that preservice teachers in this study felt more prepared and confident to teach in a suburban school compared to an urban school. Additionally, preservice teachers felt less prepared and confident to teach English Language Learners regardless of their enrolment in an urban or suburban school. This study has implications for the preparation of teachers who are self-efficacious in their ability to teach in both urban and suburban educational settings.