Systems strategies for information management in organizations which are not machines

The traditional systems model of the organization as a machine, performing some well defined function, has in the past often been employed to guide the process of information system design. This model, as is well known, has been challenged in organization theory by conceptions of the organization as an organism a culture and a coercive system (amongst others). This may appear to leave specialists in information management short of theoretical support for their activities. In this paper it is argued that there are, in fact, a variety of systems strategies available for supporting information management in organizations even when these are not conceived of as being machines. Information systems specialists can find in these strategies both a means of accessing the wider debates in organization theory and specific guidance of direct relevance to their practical activities. The systems approach, broadly defined remains therefore the best source of theoretical support for the process of information management.     

信息技术与课程整合初探

随着信息技术在教育中的应用,教育从内容、形式、方法到组织都在发生着重大变革。信息技术是当前各类学校教育的重要内容,也是教育改革的重要组成手段。信息技术与学科课程的整合,提高了教育的智能化水平和学生在教育中的主体地位,充分发挥了学生的主动性与创造性,为学生创新能力和信息能力的培养,营造了理想的教学环境。本文就如何将信息技术手段运用于教学,进行初步的探讨。     

Information and knowledge worker productivity

Information is an essential ingredient in office work, in management decision making, and in knowledge worker productivity. Automated office information systems are designed to process information more efficiently and more effectively so as to increase the productivity of the office staff and the profitability of the organization. The rationale and the functions of automated office information systems are reviewed along with the methods used and difficulties encountered in measuring office productivity. Information science can and should be applied to study the economic benefits of office information systems, to investigate the social and behavioral implications of this new technology, and to help plan governmental policies resulting from the changes now taking place in the environment and in the storage, transfer, display, and use of information.     

Complementarities in organizational design and the diffusion of information technologies: An empirical analysis

We use a specially designed survey on French firms located in Haute-Savoie to provide empirical evidence suggesting that Information and Communication Technologies adoption is not only influenced by the traditional factors of technology diffusion but also by complementarity effects between strategies, organization and information technologies. The data collected permitted several advances. Firstly, we could study authentic ICT while the recent literature has mainly focused on computer capital stocks or automation tools. Secondly, we constructed measures of the determinants put forward by the models of technology diffusion. Thirdly, we studied three kinds of practices: organizational and strategic practices, technological choices.     

管理信息系统的变革因素与趋势分析

管理信息系统自产生以来,对社会产生了深刻的影响。本文首先从社会发展、管理科学、系统科学和信息技术方面分析了管理信息系统的变革因素,然后从应用范围、系统设计原则、系统理论发展、信息技术发展、信息内容发展、系统开发方法、智能化水平和安全性能等多个角度对管理信息系统的发展进行趋势分析。     

信息技术对组织的影响研究综述

信息技术的广泛应用已经对组织造成显著的影响。信息技术可以改变产业结构和竞争,支持创造新的业务,帮助公司超越竞争对手。信息技术通过信息效率和信息整合对组织产生影响。研究表明,信息技术对企业的影响包括:加强员工联系和授权,编码知识基础,促进组织创新,扩展组织边界,提高组织效率等。人们逐步意识到信息技术和组织的关系是复杂的。今后的研究,需要从理论基础、研究方法和框架方面进一步系统化,以探索信息技术对组织的影响。     

Big data for the comprehensive data analysis of IT organizations

Businesses have begun using IT apps for a variety of reasons in recent years. The rapid advancement of new technologies has opened up vast prospects for businesses to digitise their operations, enhance their use of information systems, and compete more effectively in the global marketplace. Information technology (IT) businesses can benefit greatly from Big Data analytics due to the depth and breadth of their data analysis. Big data can be used to examine IT departments in the following ways: performance analysis, forecast maintenance, security analysis, and resource analysis. When it comes to boosting their business's dependability, speed, quality, and effectiveness, most companies rely on big data. Companies can gain a competitive edge thanks to the massive amounts of data that big data is able to collect, store, and manage. Big data analytics is being used by a growing number of businesses to make sense of their mountain of data. In this paper, we examine the ways in which IBM, TCS, and Cognizant use big data within their operations. Long-term planning strategies and business intelligence practises are also suggested in this research as means of protecting personal information.     

Examining gender differences in people’s information-sharing decisions on social networking sites

Information systems research provides increasing evidence that women and men differ in their use of information technology. However, research has not sufficiently explained why these differences exist. Using the theory of reasoned action and social role theory, this paper investigates gender differences in people’s decisions about information sharing in the context of social networking sites (SNSs). We developed a comparative model of the information-sharing decision process across genders and theoretically explained why these differences exist. Data was collected from an online survey taken by American SNS users. We found that privacy risks, social ties, and commitment were more important in the formation of attitudes toward information sharing for women than men. Gender significantly moderates the relationship between people’s perceptions of information sharing and their intention to share information. This paper provides an enhanced understanding of gender differences in people’s decisions about sharing information on SNSs. It advances gender differences research into the use of newly emerged information technology and provides researchers insightful views of the role that gender plays in the social media era. Being aware of the research findings, practitioners may better engage their targeted stakeholders on SNSs and collect more useful information for business purposes.     

The influence of informal social media practices on knowledge sharing and work processes within organizations

Contemporary information technologies such as social media have invigorated the way knowledge is shared within organizations to the extent that we have to rethink and reassess our understanding of the role and influence of technology in organizational processes and knowledge sharing. This paper uses the strategy as practice lens guided by the interpretivist philosophy to understand the influence of informal social media practices on knowledge sharing and work processes within an organization. The paper uses empirical evidence from the case study of a telecom organization in Tanzania to gain theoretical insight into informal social media practices and knowledge sharing. This research contributes to the Information Systems (IS) literature by asserting that organizational processes are achieved by mundane knowledge sharing mediated by informal social media use within the organization. Also, the study contributes to IS literature by highlighting how emerging informal practices are essential to daily processes within organizations.     

短视频APP用户持续使用之影响因素探究及其对该领域公共治理之启示

[目的/意义] 探究短视频APP用户持续使用意愿的影响因素及作用机理,了解当前短视频APP应用中存在的问题,从该领域公共治理的视角,为短视频产品设计者、运营者、短视频APP监管者提供具有可供参考的建议。[方法/过程] 抓取"抖音"用户的在线评论文本,并以此为数据样本采用扎根理论的开放式编码、主轴编码和选择性编码等3个过程提取概念和范畴,进而构建形成机理的概念模型。[结果/结论] 信息人因素、信息因素、信息技术因素、信息环境因素作用于用户并使用户形成不同的情感反馈,进而影响用户的持续使用意愿。此外,由个体特征、使用习惯和使用动机构成的信息人因素对用户的持续使用意愿起调节作用。因此,为确保我国短视频APP行业的健康、可持续发展,短视频产品设计者、运营者、短视频APP监管者必须立足当下我国国情来完善其管理、运营及监管模式。     

多理论视角下企业云ERP系统转换意愿研究

随着云计算的不断发展,云企业信息系统(EIS)显示出其优势,愈来愈多企业愿意考虑从传统EIS转换到云EIS系统。然而,却很少研究探讨企业在EIS的转换议题,本研究整合信息系统成功模型和技术接受模型,发展一个多理论框架去探索企业向云ERP转换的意愿。我们从企业管理者收集了199份调查问卷,通过结构方程模型验证本研究模型与假设,结果发现有用性和易用性是影响转换意愿重要因素,易用性、信息质量和系统质量则正向影响认知有用性,这些结论,给未来转换意愿研究提供了参考,我们建议云服务供应商应重视系统本身的易用性和有用性,提高系统质量并关注信息质量,以帮助他们提供企业需求的产品,吸引更多企业从传统EIS转换到云EIS。     

多理论视角下企业云ERP系统转换意愿研究

随着云计算的不断发展,云企业信息系统(EIS)显示出其优势，愈来愈多企业愿意考虑从传统EIS转换到云EIS系统。然而，却很少研究探讨企业在EIS的转换议题，本研究整合信息系统成功模型和技术接受模型，发展一个多理论框架去探索企业向云ERP转换的意愿。我们从企业管理者收集了199份调查问卷，通过结构方程模型验证本研究模型与假设，结果发现有用性和易用性是影响转换意愿重要因素，易用性、信息质量和系统质量则正向影响认知有用性，这些结论，给未来转换意愿研究提供了参考，我们建议云服务供应商应重视系统本身的易用性和有用性，提高系统质量并关注信息质量，以帮助他们提供企业需求的产品，吸引更多企业从传统EIS转换到云EIS。     

基于危机管理的企业信息组织重构

当今企业面对越来越多的危机事件,因此企业必须反思当前自身的信息战略:企业不仅仅要利用信息获取竞争优势,还要能够利用信息在当前多变的市场环境中维持自身的生存.危机预警和响应过程中,信息起着至关重要的作用,而当前企业由于对成本和效率的追求往往不愿意构建专门用于危机管理的信息系统.本文借鉴计算机制造行业模块化设计的理念,把模块化的思想引入到信息管理和信息组织的范畴,提出了重构企业信息系统的方法,即把信息系统分为数据模块、信息模块、知识模块和技术模块4个主要构件,并以此重构企业的信息组织,以满足危机管理过程中对于信息的需求.     

The dual effects of the Internet of Things (IoT): A systematic review of the benefits and risks of IoT adoption by organizations

The Internet of Things (IoT) might yield many benefits for organizations, but like other technology adoptions may also introduce unforeseen risks and requiring substantial organizational transformations. This paper analyzes IoT adoption by organizations, and identifies IoT benefits and risks. A Big, Open, Linked Data (BOLD) categorization of the expected benefits and risks of IoT is made by conducting a comprehensive literature study. In-depth case studies in the field of asset management were then executed to examine the actual experienced, real world benefits and risks. The duality of technology is used as our theoretical lens to understand the interactions between organization and technology. The results confirm the duality that gaining the benefits of IoT in asset management produces unexpected social changes that lead to structural transformation of the organization. IoT can provide organizations with many benefits, after having dealt with unexpected risks and making the necessary organizational changes. There is a need to introduce changes to the organization, processes and systems, to develop capabilities and ensure that IoT fits the organization’s purposes.     

Document management systems from current capabilities towards intelligent information retrieval: an overview

Documents circulating in paper form are increasingly being substituted by its electronic equivalent in the modern office today so that any stored document can be retrieved whenever needed later on. The office worker is already burdened with information overload, so effective and efficient retrieval facilities become an important factor affecting worker productivity. This paper first reviews the features of current document management systems with varying facilities to manage, store and retrieve either reference to documents or whole documents. Information retrieval databases, groupware products and workflow management systems are presented as developments to handle different needs, together with the underlying concepts of knowledge management. The two problems of worker finiteness and worker ignorance remain outstanding, as they are only partially addressed by the above-mentioned systems. The solution lies in a shift away from pull technology where the user has to actively initiate the request for information towards push technology, where available information is automatically delivered without user intervention. Intelligent information retrieval agents are presented as a solution together with a marketing scenario of how they can be introduced.     

期刊信息资源生产加工与创新

本文论述了期刊信息资源的生产加工，以创新为导向，立足于社会需求及走向，资源积累重新组合为生产加工对象，科学的组织确定生产专题，综合产出具有创新知识增值效应产品，提供用户利用。文章还探讨了网络环境下，期刊信息资源生产须树立知识创新理念和发展理念及生产方式、特点和策略。     

Associations between user training and information systems success

What type and amount of computer-related training are available to information system (IS) users? And, how do these relate to their (users) perceptions of the success of the systems used? This paper reports on a study designed to answer such questions. Data were collected from 98 IS users in 16 different departments of 12 organizations. The results indicate that there exist positive associations between various types of computer-related training/educational programmes an organization provides to IS users and the perceived success of IS. Specifically, the availability of a computer resident expert in the organizational functional area of users has the most significant positive relationship with success.     

Current research into chemical and textual information retrieval at the department of information studies,University of Sheffield

This paper discusses research into chemical information and document retrieval systems at the Department of Information Studies, University of Sheffield. The research includes the use of cluster analysis methods for document retrieval and drug design, the representation and searching of files of generic chemical structures, substructure searching and maximal common substructure identification in files of three-dimensional chemical structures, and the use of novel parallel computer hardware in all of these application areas.     

企业技术集成能力基因结构模型研究

技术集成能力是衡量企业资源配置水平,影响企业集成创新效果的内生动力,其形成方式与成长过程一直是理论界的研究热点。本文借鉴企业基因理论,从仿生学视角剖析技术集成能力基因本质,运用实证方法探究技术集成能力基因碱基的具体表达方式,在此基础上构建技术集成能力基因结构模型,揭示其成长“黑箱”。研究表明,技术集成能力基因是由技术链和管理链构成的双螺旋结构,信息监测、组织柔性、系统整合和技术学习是技术集成能力基因碱基要素的具体表现形式,也是技术集成能力成长的驱动要素。技术集成能力基因通过复制、变异和重组的一系列进化过程,实现要素匹配和功能优化,完成能力的适应性演化,提高企业资源配置效率。本文旨在为基因结构模型研究由概念性构建向实证识别提供全新思路和研究框架。     

Cultural barriers to the international transfer of information

The recent debates on such issues as the transborder data flow or the new information order have brought to light the cultural implications of information activities. This is fortunate since information science used to consider them only as aspects of language barrier.Information has recently been qualified as a humankind's heritage. Sharing it requires not only the international flow of information, but also its unimpeded creation and use. Considering that humankind is not limited to the inhabitants of Europe and North America, this paper discusses the various ways in which objective and subjective cultural traits affect the generation, presentation, transfer and use of information in different societies.It emphasizes that all presently available information products and services are culture dependent, and primarily dependent upon the “northern” culture, what drastically limits their international value, but for “occidentalized” elite groups.