Six principles of undergraduate learning: The not‐so‐easy road to writing and committing to them

Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis has joined campuses across the nation in identifying and assessing student learning outcomes. With its twenty schools, diverse populations, and multiple goals, how this urban institution managed to organize much of its work around six learning principles is a tale of both caution and triumph.     

Positioning as not‐understanding: The value of showing uncertainty for engaging in science

Not understanding is central to scientific work: what scientists do is learn about the natural world, which involves seeking out what they do not know. In classrooms, however, the position of not‐understanding is generally a liability; confusion is an unfortunate condition to resolve as quickly as possible, or to conceal. In this article, we argue that students' public displays of uncertainty or confusion can be pivotal contributions to the classroom dynamics in initiating and sustaining a class's science inquiry. We present this as a central finding from a cross‐case analysis of eight episodes of students' scientific engagement, drawing on literature on framing to show how participants positioned themselves as not‐understanding and how that was consequential for the class's scientific engagement. We show how participants enacted this positioning by asking questions or expressing uncertainty around a phenomenon or model. We then analyze how participants' displays of not‐understanding shaped the conceptual, epistemic, and social aspects of classroom activity. We present two cases in detail: one in which a student's positioning helped initiate the class's scientific engagement and another in which it helped sustain it. We argue that this work motivates considering how to help students learn to embrace and value the role of expressing one's confusion in science.     

The synthetic instructor: Implementation for Web‐based electronic performance support systems

Electronic performance support systems (EPSS) can accommodate disparate learner knowledge, experiences, and methods of comprehension. However, learners may have ineffective cognitive strategies for using an EPSS environment. The solution described in this article is applied to a Web‐based EPSS that has a simulation core. As the learner works in the environment, a “synthetic instructor” continuously collects information to adapt activities, resources, and representations. It uses critical incidents, which trigger within scenarios that mimic real‐world performance objectives.     

The problematic place of a woman physical education instructor: an historical case study

In this article the author's problematize the position of women in state school physical education, focusing in particular on the ‘instructors’ who were appointed to work with women teachers and senior girls, and prepare trainees at the Teachers College in South Australia. In exploring this little researched area, the article explores shifting representations of the woman ‘instructor’ from the 1920s to the late 1940s, highlighting the interplay of key discourses associated with age, gender, marital status, character, disciplinarity and physical activity. In addition, the authors explicate ways in which these discourses were interwoven in the career of May Cleggett, who for most of the period was the only woman physical education instructor in South Australian state schools.     

2O世纪探索宇宙奥秘的开路人

天体物理学是应用物理学的理论、方法和技术,研究天体(包括宇宙中多种形式的物质)的物理性质、化学组成和演化规律的学科.它产生于人们开始将光谱学、光度学和照相术应用于天文学研究的19世纪中叶,而在20世纪发展成为天文学的主流.诺贝尔物理奖共6次对10人,授予这个令人神往的物理学科.     

Considering personality type in adult learning: Using the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator in instructor preparation at PricewaterhouseCoopers

This article explores the feasibility of using the Myers‐Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) as a framework for instructor development in a professional services training environment. It explores the consistency of MBTI with common adult learning theory, addresses questions on MBTI's reliability and validity, and explores the applicability of MBTI to the training environment at PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, a global accounting and consultancy firm.     

高校辅导员在心理健康教育工作中的作用

心理健康教育在高校教育工作中占有十分重要的地位。辅导员是高校教师队伍和管理队伍的重要组成部分,在大学生心理健康教育工作中需要发挥应有的作用。辅导员贴近学生,对学生思想状况和心理动态十分了解,能及时准确地发现学生的心理问题,可以在萌芽阶段就给予学生及时的疏导,遇到疑难问题,也可以及时向上一级部门反馈与求助。应加强辅导员心理健康教育知识和方法的培训,建立健全辅导员心理健康教育机制,辅助高校心理咨询中心做好大学生心理健康教育工作,增强高校心理健康教育工作的针对性与时效性。     

浅谈社会体育指导员的培养

随着我国教育体制的发展,体育教育也提出了新要求,体育运动对人体健康有促进作用,人们可以通过锻炼改善体质和身心健康状况,从而更好地适应社会生活。目前,我国体育教育指导员非常短缺,因此拓展培训成为指导员培养的有效途径,同时,根据不同需要培养类别不同的社会体育指导员。我们要建立健全的社会体育管理体制,从而保障充分发挥社会体育指导员的作用。     

The three‐legged stool of parental inclusion: the case of Hana

Drawing from a critical qualitative inquiry, this case study tells the story of Hana, a Korean‐Canadian mother, and identifies barriers that can be encountered in seeking to interact with school professionals in the special education milieu. The case study presents a conceptual model, called the three‐legged stool of parental inclusion, which is designed to enhance the way in which parental inclusion is understood and fostered in special education. It is suggested that Hana needed to utilise this model, of knowledge awareness, gathering, and use, in order to take part in her daughter's education in a more meaningful way. This article, by Cam Cobb of the University of Windsor, Canada, adds to the international literature related to cultural and linguistic diversity by sharing a Canadian parent's experience of special education decision‐making from this perspective.     

士官教员胜任力模型的构建及应用

士官教员队伍建设是适应新时期军事变革、实现我军现代化建设的必然要求。胜任力模型的构建及应用体现在士官教员的引进和任用、职业发展、任务开展、培训体系等多个方面。     

“老师”与“教师”的差异辨析

"老师"与"教师"虽一字之别,但自诞生之时二者的意义和用法就大有不同。目前社会对二者的用法并没有进行严格区分,以致出现混淆二者用法的现象,尤其要引人注意的是社会上出现了大量的"老师"称呼语,出现在各种正式场合上,可见,"老师"的意义已不局限在其本义上,显然超出了教育界,对这种现象进行分析对于区别"老师"和"教师"之间的差异是很有帮助的。     

关于整合思政教师与辅导员队伍做法的思考

加强思想政治理论课教师与辅导员队伍的联系,进而整合思政教师与辅导员两支队伍,实施＂思教、学工联动,教、学、做合一＂的育人新模式,无疑是思想政治工作的创新之举,本文从实践出发,谈思想政治教师与辅导员队伍整合与建设。     

The Thinking Frames Approach: a case study of inclusion using student‐generated multiple‐representations

Many teachers struggle to provide equitable opportunities for students with special educational needs (SEN) to learn science concepts in the inclusive classroom. This study examines the experience of teaching in an inclusive classroom using a conceptual change approach, the Thinking Frames Approach (TFA), incorporating the use of discrepant events, social construction of scientific conceptions followed by the production of multiple student‐generated representations of their understanding. An in‐depth case study is presented of the experience of Wayne, a student with complex SEN and the effect on his behaviour and science learning based on video/audio recordings of lessons, teacher journal entries, student artefacts, questionnaire results and interviews. It was found that there were positive effects for Wayne's learning using this approach including improved behaviour, greater feelings of self‐efficacy, increased participation in small group and class discussions and improved outcomes on the same assessment tasks as peers. It is suggested that the structured approach of the TFA, the communication of understanding in different modalities, particularly drawing, and the support of peers enabled Wayne to more deeply engage in construction of understanding and may provide teachers with an easy and effective approach to authentic inclusion where real conceptual gains are made by all students.     

Simulation‐based enhancement of learning: The case of food safety

Importance of online learning has become more critical with the advent of a global pandemic. Effective online learning requires design characteristics that support learning that crosses traditional disciplinary boundaries. The example of educational delivery of food safety encompasses multiple disciplines to prepare students for real‐world situations, practical problem‐solving, and to be “future proof” as food safety becomes more quantitative. This study explicates how six simulation‐based learning modules were evaluated, two each in microbiological growth/inactivation, food process dynamics with microbiological growth/inactivation, and risk assessment. Each group of three modules was targeted to the students in undergraduate food science and engineering programs. Altogether, the 6 modules were implemented and assessed in 17 courses at 14 universities over 5 years. The effectiveness of the module‐based approach was sustained across subject matter (microbiology, process, and risk), disciplines (food science and engineering), and their implementations. Students’ and instructors’ survey responses indicated the modules’ value in real‐world and practical problem‐solving ability. Instructors were also motivated to implement the modules as they saw the potential for improvement in student understanding, how modules reinforced course learning outcomes, the quality of support provided with modules, and their ability to replace existing course assessment without adding work for the instructor or the students. This self‐learning, module‐based approach to introduce interdisciplinary content employed has proven successful. The template for making these modules is described in sufficient detail so future modules can be built for a wide variety of subject matter beyond food safety.     

加强高校辅导员队伍管理要注意做好激励工作

高校辅导员是大学生思想政治教育和管理工作的组织者、实施者和指导者,是高等学校教师队伍和管理队伍的重要组成部分。目前,高校辅导员队伍中存在着整体稳定性和职业角色认同相对缺乏、工作"超负荷"、薪酬相对较低等问题,高校管理者只有做好对辅导员的激励工作,才能促使其保持高涨的热情,做好对高校学生的日常思想政治教育和管理工作,才能有利于把大学生培养成中国特色社会主义的合格建设者和可靠接班人。     

The networked instructor: The quality of networks in different stages of professional development

This article focuses on the quality of instructional networks in different stages of professional development. Drawing theoretically from social capital theory and literature on teacher interaction, we conducted in-depth interviews with 30 instructors at the university level. Using qualitative social network analysis to capture and analyze networks, we found that the quality of instructors’ interactions varied across developmental stages (novice, experienced non-expert, and expert instructors), both in terms of interdependence and opportunities for value creation. These findings offer valuable leverage for shaping educators’ everyday professional development and increasing teaching capacity through quality interaction.     

浅谈辅导员与学生和谐人际关系的构建

辅导员与学生的人际关系构成高校师生关系中最重要、最基本的人际关系之一。受来自辅导员和学生两方面各种因素的影响,两者之间存在着多样关系模式。辅导员在两者关系中的核心地位,要求他们从自身出发。采取多种有效措施,构建起和谐的师生关系。实现师生关系的和谐是辅导员有效地开展工作的基本要求,这对构建和谐校园甚至和谐社会有着巨大的促进作用。     

The role of student academic beliefs in perceptions of instructor ideological bias

A common perception exists in the media that university instructors are a liberal elite who use their positions to instill a biased perspective in their students. Exploring student attitudes in the United States and Australia, the present study examined how students’ academic beliefs are related to their inferences of instructor ideological bias and the degree to which they identify as reacting to these inferences in the college classroom. Results of regression analysis using previously validated survey instruments revealed that students’ academic entitlement and grade orientation (GO) predicted perceptions of instructor bias. In addition, students’ GO predicted students’ reactions to such inferred bias. Institutional differences, pedagogical implications, and areas for future research are discussed.