Next generation network environments in Europe — The significance of the EU as a policy actor

The relatively new topic of Next Generation Networks (NGN) is one which is ascending rapidly communications policy agendas in Europe and beyond. How these networks might be created and, beyond that, how they might function in a sustained and broadly useful manner, and the implications of this, are issues which crystallise a raft of often complex policy concerns that have emerged, for at least a decade, in historically distant though increasingly connected quarters of electronic network communications. This article breaks new ground in the analysis of the emerging role of the EU by exploring EU NGN policy from a convergence infrastructural and content perspective. Whilst at this stage, despite new ‘policy packaging’, the EU's NGN policy activity is resonant of past telecommunications and audiovisual policies, the article contends that there are key areas where the EU can exercise considerable policy leverage through utilising a combination of formal legal and soft governance capacities. This has a greater chance of materialising how the more transnational NGN networks and services become.     

The role of IT literacy in defining digital divide policy needs

This article expands our current understanding of the digital divide by examining differences in individuals' IT skills acquisition. In the last two decades scholars have gradually refined the conceptualization of the digital divide, moving from a dichotomous model mainly based on access, to a multidimensional model accounting for differences in usage levels and actors' perspectives. Digital divide views tend to focus on groups of users and user characteristics and focus less on different processes of use. As models of the digital divide became more complex, research focused on deepening the understanding of demographic and socioeconomic differences between adopters and non-adopters. While IT literacy is an important factor in digital divide research, and studies examine user characteristics with respect to IT literacy, few studies make the process of basic IT literacy acquisition their main focal point (Selwyn, 2005). This perspective furthers our thinking by expanding the notion of user characteristics beyond demographic and socioeconomic differences to differences in the processes leading to internet use. Based on a dataset referring to an Italian region, this paper presents a metaphorical interpretation of the digital divide in general and explores the process of IT skills acquisition in particular. Our analysis shows the key role of self-learning and the presence of three distinct approaches in IT skills acquisition leading to different needs in terms of policy. We argue that these preliminary results are a useful starting point for the design of more effective and sophisticated digital inclusion policies.     

Congress as publisher: Politics,institutions, and policy

Since the beginning of the federal government, Congress has functioned as its publisher — the manager and director of government printing operations. Initially performed by private printers through lucrative contracts, production was statutorily vested in the Government Printing Office (GPO) in 1860 to assure efficient, economical, and quality printing. Over the past century and a half, however, changes in technology, law, and constitutional relationships have eroded arrangements for the public printing system. Information products printed by GPO in the past may now be agency-generated and made directly available to the public through agency Web sites or social media, with the result that congressional general management of the publication system is seemingly decreasing, at least in terms of GPO workload, publication accountability, and document sales. While it is unlikely that Congress will reduce or vacate its publisher capacity anytime soon, some adjustment of the scope of that role and related management capability may appropriately be in order.     

基于知识管理的图书馆数字资源建设研究

数字资源建设是数字图书馆建设不可缺少的重要组成部分,抛开数字资源建设谈数字图书馆的建设是空洞而没有意义的。对国内外典型数字图书馆项目进行了介绍,分析了目前图书馆数字资源建设中存在的若干问题,阐述了知识管理在图书馆数字资源建设中的具体应用。     

知识管理理念对数字图书馆建设的影响

本文阐述了知识管理的内涵与特征，结合数字图书馆的建设，运用知识管理的理念，树立大服务的、人本性的、前瞻性的理念。     

基于E-Knowledge机制下的知识服务型数字图书馆的构建

知识服务型数字图书馆内容包括知识库、知识网络、知识平台、知识服务系统和专业队伍建设.E-Knowledse机制是一个跨越信息形态、机构、应用领域和传统信息系统的新的信息服务机制.本文以E-Knowledge机制为出发点,阐述了鲁东大学图书馆如何构建知识型的未来数字图书馆服务模式.     

Towards efficient navigation in digital libraries: Leveraging popularity,semantics and communities to recommend scholarly articles

The growing popularity of digital libraries as a medium for communicating scientific discoveries has made a large variety of research articles easily accessible. However, this constitutes a putative issue of information overloading with recommendation engines providing a compelling solution to the problem. Scientific Recommender Systems alleviate this problem by suggesting potential papers of interest to a user. For any researcher seeking developments in their field, it is important that the recommended papers are of high quality, recent and related to the field of interest, which has been largely overlooked in prior approaches. This study thus proposes a graph-based hybrid recommendation technique, SPACE-R, that amalgamates quality, semantic similarity and community structure of nodes in a citation network. The creation of a popularity network, a derivative of a citation network, in combination with a two-stage candidate selection process involving community detection and neighbourhood network identification, contributes to an improvement in the accuracy and scalability of the proposed model. The incorporation of semantic similarity achieves the necessary diversity in recommendations. Experimental evaluations on four large datasets against five baselines reveal that SPACE-R achieves an improvement of up to 45.53%, 56.76%, 49.39%, 46.84% and 78.18% in recall, precision, MRR, mAP, and response time, respectively.     

知识构建与优化知识服务研究

本文从知识构建的发展过程入手,对知识构建的涵义、条件及内容进行分析研究,进而提出知识构建对知识服务的优化作用。     

Building archival knowledge and skills in the digital age

On the basis of over 20-years’ experience teaching in a master’s level program of archival education in a North American university, the author reflects on the relationship between building knowledge of archives and the skills to carry out archival work. Using a report of the Society of American Archivists on the goals and priorities of the archival profession, he examines where and how skill building can become an integral part of archival education in the digital age. This article is little changed from the speech the author gave to open the Third Archival Educator’s Forum held in Boston, Massachusetts on August 2, 2004.     

Information policy: Content and challenges for an effective knowledge society

Information policy is the set of strategies and actions defined at a geographical or institutional level in order to satisfy information needs expressed by people and assure development goals. With the development of information and communication technologies (ICT), new stakeholders appear, including both information producers and consumers, raising problems relative to authenticity, reliability, and evaluation of information, and also the problem of full and effective use of information technology. As information policy aims at providing access to timely information, it should attempt also to make people fluent with technology. Toward achieving this objective some challenges are faced which are related to access to technology, computer literacy, ability to read and write, and early childhood development.     

Information policy: Content and challenges for an effective knowledge society

Information policy is the set of strategies and actions defined at a geographical or institutional level in order to satisfy information needs expressed by people and assure development goals. With the development of information and communication technologies (ICT), new stakeholders appear, including both information producers and consumers, raising problems relative to authenticity, reliability, and evaluation of information, and also the problem of full and effective use of information technology. As information policy aims at providing access to timely information, it should attempt also to make people fluent with technology. Toward achieving this objective some challenges are faced which are related to access to technology, computer literacy, ability to read and write, and early childhood development.     

日本大学电子图书馆数字资源建设概况与分析

本文对日本大学电子图书馆数字文献资源建设的内容、系统设计方针、著作权处理等几方面进行了介绍与分析，希望能对今后大学图书馆数字资源建设提供一个参考与思路。     

数字图书馆建设中的伦理冲突与协调

近几年来，我国数字图书馆建设得到迅速发展，但也存在着信息共享与知识产权保护、信息开放与隐私权保护、信息自由与安全、信息真实与虚假、信息有偿服务与无偿服务等伦理冲突问题。为了保证数字图书馆建设持续、健康地进行，应从构建伦理规范、促进技术和谐发展、增强主体自律意识和加强信息安全教育等方面加以协调和处理。     

Internet policy in Korea: A preliminary framework for assigning moral and legal responsibility to agents in internet activities

Although the internet has become increasingly pervasive in our daily lives and interactions and has impacted existing social norms and ethics, very few studies have examined the relationship between the internet and ethics. In the face of increasing numbers of internet-related ethical violations, this lack of research constitutes a policy vacuum. This study investigates ethical controversies in cyberspace by examining actual events that occurred in South Korea, such as the “dog poop girl” incident, the suicide of a famous actress, a candlelight vigil against U.S. beef imports, and the arrest of a blogger named “Minerva.” The study proposes a preliminary framework for evaluating ethical issues occurring on and via the internet, focusing on the agent's moral and legal responsibility and on internet regulation.     

Globalization,networks, and governance: Researching global ICT programs

Global ICT programs are defined as new and universal modes of organizing mediated by technology and enacted through a novel mix of policy instruments, international institutions, business interests, and techno/managerial concepts. Largely unexplored in the various fields studying innovation and digital technologies, such programs are of interest, not least because of their projected ability to promote innovation and help achieve new mechanisms of governance at local, national, and global scale. Based on relevant information systems research, this paper argues that we need a new theoretical understanding for the study of such programs and in order to explore their potential as a means of technology transfer and innovation in the developed and developing world.     

Improving digital skills for the use of online public information and services

There are recent indications regarding the use of online public services that force the government to focus on the more refined conceptualizations digital divide research has produced. This paper addresses one of the factors that appears to be important in several conceptualizations of how to approach the digital divide; the differential possession of so-called digital skills. The problem of being short of skills becomes urgent when governments suppose that citizens are able to complete about every task on the Internet. Operational definitions for operational, formal, information and strategic skills are used to measure the Internet skills of the Dutch population at large, by giving 109 subjects nine government related assignments to be accomplished on the Internet. Subjects were recruited following a two step approach; randomly select a sample from the book/list of fixed telephony subscribers, followed by drawing a selective quota sample for the strata of gender, age and educational level. The results indicate that on average 80% of the operational skill Internet tasks, 72% of formal Internet skills tasks, 62% of the information Internet skills tasks and 22% of strategic Internet skills tasks assigned have been successfully completed. The Dutch government's expectation that every citizen with an Internet connection is able to complete the assignments following tasks the government thinks every Internet user can perform, clearly is not justified. The article provides two types of policy recommendations to change this state of affairs. Recommendations for improving government websites and for improving the skill levels of Dutch citizens are suggested.     

数字化环境下的档案利用与知识产权

随着数字化技术的发展,数字化产品网上侵权行为发生的可能性正在增大,事实上,有关案例也确在增多.这是每一种新科学或新技术诞生时所带来的不可避免的负面影响.几年前风行一时的一本书<数字化生存>的作者,美国麻省理工学院教授尼葛洛庞帝曾经说过:"未来10年中,我们将会看到知识产权被滥用,隐私权也受到侵犯.     

大学图书馆数字化建设的探索与实践

中国科学技术大学图书馆建于1958年,图书馆全馆有10个中外文书库,16个中外文书刊阅览室,2个电子阅览室,近200台计算机供用户进行电子检索.馆藏中有中外文图书145万册,中文期刊1200多种,外文期刊1500多种,中外文全文电子期刊10000多种,较好地满足了全校18000多名师生教学科研对文献信息的需求,尤其是"高水平大学"建设和"知识创新工程"的实施,为图书馆提供了前所未有的发展机遇..