Cognitive Mechanisms in Children''s Gender Stereotyping: Theoretical and Educational Implications of a Cognitive-based Intervention

The study was designed to test the hypothesis derived from cognitive-developmental theory that multiple classification skill plays an important role in children's gender stereotyping and in their processing of counterstereotypic gender information. Children (N = 75; 5-10 years) were matched on pretest measures of gender stereotyping and multiple classification skill and then assigned to: (1) multiple classification training using nonsocial stimuli, (2) multiple classification training using social stimuli, (3) a rule training intervention, or (4) a control intervention. Children who had acquired multiple classification skill via training with social stimuli and those children trained on rules for occupational sorting showed significantly more egalitarian responding on a subsequent measure of gender stereotyping and superior memory for counterstereotypic information embedded in stories. Additionally, children who had acquired multiple classification skill via training with nonsocial stimuli showed superior memory for counterstereotypic information, despite demonstrating no greater flexibility on the gender stereotyping measure. Both theoretical and educational implications of results are discussed.     

Sex Stereotyping

The following statement was adopted at the end of an educational workshop organised by the Norwegian Ministry of Education under the auspices of and in co-operation with the Council for Cultural Co-operation (Oslo, 4-8 May 1981). The working papers of the workshop may be obtained on application to the Documentation Centre for Education in Europe.     

文化定型的哲学思考

文化定型具有积极作用也具有负面作用,学者们历来冠之以文化定型"悖论".本文从哲学的层面来观照文化定型,认为文化定型与其它人类认知一样具有自身的矛盾,是浮离于现实的理论抽象,是需要不断发展的人类认识.只有把握文化定型的哲学内涵才能更好地指导文化教学.     

定型观念与英语阅读

本从跨化交际中的定型理论出发,将英语阅读看成是作与读之间的一种信息交流过程,探讨定型观念对英语阅读产生的影响。并运用传播学理论中的涵化过程,分析阅读这一交流形式对个人定型观念产生的反作用。     

幼儿发展评价:关注过程重在发展

幼儿评价是幼儿园课程实施中重要的一环,对幼儿进行发展性评价已在幼儿园产生共识,但在实际工作中,教师缺乏开展发展性评价的有效策略。我们经过三年研发的“幼儿多元成长记录”改变了传统的评价观念,实现了评价的动态性、多元化、综合性和过程性。     

“平视”幼儿 解读童心

《幼儿园教育指导纲要》指出：幼儿园的教育是为所有幼儿的健康成长服务的,教师要以关怀、接纳、尊重的态度与幼儿交谈,耐心倾听、仔细理解幼儿的想法和感受,支持、鼓励他们大胆探索与表达,关注幼儿在活动中的表现和反应,敏感地察觉他们的需要。及时以适当的方式应答,形成合作、探究式的师幼互动。师幼互动的过程既是教师职能发挥的过程,同时也是教师、幼儿共同成长的过程。师幼互动贯穿于孩子的一日活动之中。随着《纲要》的落实,教师的教育观念、教育行为、教学手段已不断改进和完善,教师的身份也随之发生变化。     

Maternal Regulation of Children''s Problem-solving Behavior and Its Impact on Children''s Performance

This study focused on a social interaction theory of the development of cognitive self-regulation. Specifically, the effect of mother-child interaction on the child's ability to problem solve was investigated. The general predictions were (1) children who interacted with their mothers throughout a problem-solving task would subsequently exhibit improved independent performance over practice-control children, who received corrective feedback from a female experimenter at the end of the task; (2) mothers would be more responsible for task activities, would more often regulate their child's task behaviors, and offer more specific verbal content when task demands on child competence increased than when they decreased. 60 3- and 5-year-olds either worked with their mothers or practiced alone and were given corrective feedback on a sorting task in which miniature pieces of furniture were placed in a doll house. As predicted, children who interacted with their mothers subsequently created more correct, adult-like groupings independently than children who received corrective feedback. Mothers displayed more task responsibility and regulation with younger children and when task demands on children of both age groups increased. Maternal verbal content became less specific when task demands decreased. Child performance was related to (1) variation in maternal regulation of the child; and (2) degree of specificity of maternal verbal content.     

中国童话中的性别刻板印象研究

本研究从业已出版的中国童话作品中随机抽取出版于1980年前、1980年及之后的各20篇为研究对象.统计结果显示,出版于1980年前的童话作品中,男性出现的频次显著高于女性,而出版于1980年及之后的童话作品则不存在这种显著差异.对两性职业角色的比较发现,男性从事的职业远比女性丰富,且女性从事的工作大多局限在家庭.文本个案分析也证实了童话作品中存在的性别刻板印象.不过现在已经有少量童话作品对传统的两性职业角色分工提出了挑战.     

略论儿童的早期教育

早期教育在整个教育过程中是非常重要的环节。目前,我区少数民族教育的早期教育阶段 是个薄弱环节,所以做为一个民族教育工作者,必须要了解为什么要进行早期教育,怎样进 行早期教育最为有效,早期教育有什么样的规律,以及早期教育存在一些什么误区等内容。     

保护幼儿的学习生态

挪威的让-罗尔·布约克沃尔德在《本能的缪斯———激活潜在的艺术灵性》一书中提出了“学习生态学”一词，并指出“复杂的学习过程是一种微妙的生态平衡”［1］；同时他还从儿童文化的角度论述了儿童学习过程的独 特性以及学校教育中不适当的学习形式所导致的儿童学习窒息等非常值得深思的问题。幼儿的学习生态是什么？教师如何应对和保护幼儿的学习生态？在当前教育实践中，教师所提供给幼儿的学习形式适合幼儿的学习生态吗？本文试图对幼儿的学习生态进行具体分析并提出保护幼儿学习生态的教育建议。一、幼儿的学习生态是什么？幼儿的学…     

颜色与文化

颜色是一种客观存在的事物，它的本质对各个民族是一样的，但各个民族对颜色的认识，特别是各民族赋予它的比喻和联想意义各不相同，都富有各民族的文化特色。