共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
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Research has been carried out on students’ epistemological development in higher education for at least 50 years. Researchers on both sides of the Atlantic have converged on accounts that describe students’ epistemological development in terms of a sequence or hierarchy of qualitatively distinct stages or positions. The rich qualitative data obtained from longitudinal investigations do demonstrate intellectual changes, but whether the same scheme fits all students and whether the changes found are a specific result of exposure to higher education are open to debate. Well-validated quantitative instruments that could be used to measure epistemological development in large samples of students are still lacking. Unresolved issues include: whether students can adopt multiple epistemological positions; whether these are culturally and contextually specific; and whether they are mental entities, discursive practices or social constructions. 相似文献
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Peter Roberts 《Educational Philosophy and Theory》1997,29(2):83-101
This paper addresses the issue of political correctness from a Freirean point of view. An identification of the range of areas to which the label 'political correctness' has been applied reveals a confusingly multifaceted term. The author concentrates on the key characteristics of intolerance, conformity, the impeding of questioning and criticism, the stifling of debate, and the denial of alternatives. Thus defined, 'political correctness' has no place in Freirean education. 相似文献
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Harsh Suri 《International journal of qualitative studies in education》2013,26(7):889-911
The purpose of research synthesis is to produce new knowledge by making explicit connections and tensions between individual study reports that were not visible before. Every effort of synthesizing research is inevitably premised on certain epistemological assumptions. It is crucial that research synthesists reflect critically on how their epistemological positioning enables them to pursue certain purposes while preventing them from pursuing other purposes. The literature on research synthesis methods is dominated by publications premised on positivist assumptions. The rhetoric of systematic reviews, best-evidence synthesis and What Works Clearinghouse privileges syntheses with positivist orientations. Contesting the hegemony of positivist research syntheses, this paper makes a case for research syntheses that are informed by diverse epistemological orientations. It illuminates how research syntheses with distinct epistemological orientations can serve complementary, equally worthwhile, purposes. 相似文献
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人生活在印象、语言和知识之中,集体行动也这样建立在认识和理解的基础之上。正因为如此,管理首先就是以某种知识为基础而推行的对知识的管理。对行动逻辑的思考促使我们在考察教育行动时采取一种认识论视野,这一视野就其内核而言就是一种新的知识观,以及依此对知识和实践之间相互关系的重构。其中最为重要的是关注制度和知识之间的关联,从而摒弃知识分子所惯有的导师心态,走出理性自负和知识输入的泥沼,将教育实践中的知识增长托付给一种超主体的社会过程。 相似文献
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Shadia B. Drury 《Interchange》1996,27(2):161-172
Political correctness is a social vision that includes feminism, multiculturalism, gay liberation, and affirmative action. Liberal ideals are at the heart of this social vision — and this explains its success. But despite its liberal inspiration, political correctness has a tendency to betray its liberal instincts in favour of the newfangled assumptions of postmodernism — and this explains its failure. 相似文献
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Based on a synthesis of contributions from differentauthors, we present a theoreticalframework that provides some foundations for schoolscience, and we define someresearch problems. We start from what is already knownabout students' models andcognition in order to construct proposals of didacticalintervention. The cognitive modelof science, developed in the philosophy of science throughstudying scientists' activity,has allowed us to propose an analogous model for schoolscience in which experimentationand language play the key roles. We emphasise the relativeindependence of school scienceand scientists' science. 相似文献
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Thought Experiments (TEs) are reasoning processes that are based on 'results' of an experiment carried out in thought. What is the validity of an experiment- that has not been actually executed- for knowledge about the physical world? What are the features that make it distinctive and how do we integrate it into learning environments to support such thought processes? This study suggests that a thought experiment draws on three epistemological resources: conceptual-logical inferences, visual imagery and bodily-motor experience. We start by stating how students' TEs are related to recent research on learning science and then proceed to describe the nature of TEs. The central part of the paper deals with cognitive theories and empirical examples of visual imagery and bodily imagery. It also deals with how these enable implicit knowledge about the world to be retrieved. Students may have, but are not aware of, such knowledge for it is hidden when learning is only based on formal representations. We show that imagination is structured, goal-oriented, based on prior experiential imagery and internally coherent. Students can, for example, mentally rotate objects at constant velocity. Students can 'zoom in and out' to inspect imaginary situations, transfer objects, predict paths of imaginary moving objects and imagine the impact of forces on mechanical systems. We show that the TEs are powerful because of these capabilities. We further claim that these are not exploited by school learning environments and offer a first step towards understanding imagery in science learning. 相似文献
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According to Allchin (2003), Lawson (2002) tried to shoehorn the history of scienceinto a preconceived philosophical category, the hypothetico-deductive method (HD).Lawson replied (2003) that discovery is based on HD because that's the way the brainworks, and accused Allchin of shoehorning science into another method, blind searchand induction. In agreement with Allchin, who actually wrote that HD is one of severalmethods used by scientists, I argue that HD by itself cannot explain how new theoriesand discoveries are accepted in science. Historical research has shown that other factorsare involved. 相似文献
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How do epistemological attitudes and beliefs influence learning from text? We conceptualize epistemological attitudes and
beliefs as components of metacognitive knowledge. As such, they serve an important function in regulating the use of epistemic
strategies such as knowledge-based validation of information and checking arguments for internal consistency. We report results
from two studies that investigated the effects epistemological attitudes and beliefs on the use of epistemic strategies in
academic learning and the motivational states that mediate these effects. Study 1 (N = 289) tested a mediation model with epistemological attitudes (separate vs. connected knowing) and textual characteristics
as distal predictors, and learning goals (learning factual knowledge vs. developing an own standpoint) as mediator variables.
Separate knowing had large indirect effects on the use of epistemic strategies via the goal to develop an own point of view.
In addition, learners adapted their learning goals and epistemic strategies depending on objective characteristics and the
perceived familiarity of the texts they read. In Study 2 (N = 124), epistemological beliefs concerning the uncertainty of knowledge increased the use of epistemic strategies only when
extrinsic study motivation was low. A mediated moderation model established this effect to be mediated by specific epistemic
curiosity. These results illuminate the mechanisms of how epistemological attitudes and beliefs affect self-regulated learning.
In contrast to other types of learning strategies, the use of epistemic strategies seems to be strongly and consistently linked
to epistemological attitudes and beliefs. 相似文献
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《学习科学杂志》2013,22(1):53-90
Research on personal epistemologies has begun to consider ontology: Do naive epistemologies take the form of stable, unitary beliefs or of fine-grained, context-sensitive resources? Debates such as this regarding subtleties of cognitive theory, however, may be difficult to connect to everyday instructional practice. Our purpose in this article is to make that connection. We first review reasons for supporting the latter account, of naive epistemologies as made up of fine-grained, context-sensitive resources; as part of this argument we note that familiar strategies and curricula tacitly ascribe epistemological resources to students. We then present several strategies designed more explicitly to help students tap those resources for learning introductory physics. Finally, we reflect on this work as an example of interplay between 2 modes of inquiry into student thinking, that of instruction and that of formal research on learning. 相似文献