民间谚语与气象知识

气象谚语是人民群众与大自然和谐相处,干百年积聚下来的宝贵经验。人们在生产、生活实践中,仔细观察风、云、雷电、雨、雾、雪、冰、霜、日、月、星、辰、动植物等,不停地思索它们活动的规律,以简明概括的语言描绘它们的干变万化,预测它们的动静走向。     

谚语的悖论

谚语的悖论周义编译流行的谚语许多是正确的。当它们应用于生活之中时，有些甚至算得上具有远见卓识。然而，假如没有限定条件的话，它们有些也会相互龃龉。比如这一句：“人多打瞎乱，”诚然不错，但人们又会说：“众人拾柴火焰高。”且看：当断不断，反受其乱──三思而...     

远古时期的欧亚大陆文明

正从寒冷的西伯利亚,到群山耸立的高加索、黑海之滨、乌克兰原野,再到沙漠、戈壁、绿洲遍布的中亚地区,广袤的欧亚大陆在远古时代并非文化荒芜之地,生活在这里的人们在生活、生产劳动中创造了优美的器物,留下了璀璨的文明。从这些器物中,我们不仅可以了解当时人们的宗教生活,还可以鉴赏令人叹为观止的艺术。     

宾川赶马调

民歌是各族人民在千百年的劳动实践和生产生活中有感而发,凝炼而成并被世代相传唱的曲调。每一支民歌都记载着一个地区或一个民族的发展史、劳动史、生活史或情爱史。     

俄罗斯民俗中的"多神信仰"

民俗作为人们在日常物质生活和精神生活中世代沿袭与传承的习惯性行为模式,在形成与发展的过程中宗教是其最大的影响因素。现代俄罗斯人的祖先东斯拉夫人生活在辽阔的中欧及东欧平原,自然地理条件和气候条件决定了他们主要从事农业及畜牧业生产。在生产及劳动过程中,东斯拉夫人形成了一种认识:在这个世界上,除了人自身的存在之外,还有许多神主宰着一切,世界上的万千事物均与威力无比的神的意志有关。人要想过上幸福的生活,享受丰收的喜悦,克服洪水和干旱造成的困难,就必须向神祈祷。在历经了漫长的认识过程后,东斯拉夫人建立了反映东斯拉夫…     

祥云大波那铜棺

青铜文化是人类文明的曙光。云南是我国青铜文明的起源地之一,大理是云南青铜文明的起点。远在3000多年前,生活在这片古老而神奇土地上的人们,用劳动和智慧开启了滇西青铜文明的时代之门,他们把自己的真实生活用一件件精美的青铜器记录下来,仿佛在向后人叙述昨日辉煌的历史。     

印度染织

正印度染织源远流长,可追溯公元前三千多年前,很早的时候就传播到周边国家和地区,素有世界染织始祖之称。印染、纺织、刺绣等印度染织,种类繁多,展现着手工艺之精巧和日常生活之美。它是生活在印度次大陆劳动人民生产创造、生活艺术的智慧结晶。     

谚语都是金玉良言吗

一些谚语是宝石,另一些则是黄铜。谚语如同传家宝,一代代珍藏并且流传下来。我们认为,这些精辟的词句总结了永恒的智慧,但是,这自明之理果真是正确的吗?一些心理学家发现事实并不尽然,而这些谚语却依然长久流传下来。尽管谁也知道这些谚语所说的是旧习惯和旧观念,但终难灭绝。孩子不打不成器几乎没有任何谚语象这条谚语那样受到如此彻底地否定,或者说造成如此深重的危害。近40年来的研究表明:“棍棒”下教育出的孩子会比同等年龄的孩子更富于侵略性。体罚尽管在短期内可能阻     

源远流长的阿拉伯谚语

阿拉伯谚语源远流长,可追溯到上古的蒙昧时代。它是阿拉伯民族的智慧、道德、习惯和艺术的伟大结晶,富有强大的生命力。阿拉伯谚语不但形象生动,言简意赅,耐人寻味,而且言词隽永,喻义含蓄,使人深省。阿拉伯谚语具有独特的民族性,其中不少反映出大漠游牧的     

从中日民间谚语看两国文化交流

谚语是一种民间口头文学，它体现了人民生活和斗争的经验或感受，是一个民族长期积累下来集体智慧的结晶。中日两国是一衣带水隔海相望的邻邦，二千多年来，双方舟楫往来，沟通了文化的渠道，凝结了深厚的友谊。     

Kaiping Diaolou and VillagesA Fusion of Chinese and Western Structural and Decorative Forms简

On June 28, 2007, approved by the 31st World Heritage Committee held inChristchurch, New Zealand, Kaiping Diaolou and villages were inscribed in the World Heritage List and became the 35th world heritage in China. They were also the first Chinese world heritage that reflects the culture of overseas Chinese. In fact, as early as June 25, 2001,     

Latins and Georgians and the Crusader Kingdom

Partly because the First Crusade had weakened the Seljuk Sultanate in 1097–1099, David III of Georgia was able to extend his power over much of the Caucasus. The rulers of the Crusader States who stood in need of Eastern Christian allies sought to co-operate with him. Yet although some Western knights served in his army, the practical difficulties of co-ordinating joint action against the Islamic powers of north Syria and Anatolia in the twelfth century proved insuperable. In the thirteenth century the Georgian crown offered an alliance to the leaders of the Fifth Crusade: their forces would attack the northern provinces of the Ayyūbid Empire while the crusaders were invading Egypt. This strategy was sound, but the rise of the Mongol Empire prevented it from being implemented. Nevertheless, the desire for military collaboration between Georgia and the Western powers persisted until the mid-fifteenth century.     

Public and Popular: British and Swedish Audience Trends in Factual and Reality Television

The research in this article examines audience responses to a range of factual and reality genres. It takes as a starting point that television audiences do not experience news or documentary or reality TV in isolation but as part of a range of factual and reality programmes. Factual and reality programming includes a broad understanding of non-fictional programming on broadcast television, satellite, cable and digital television. The breakdown of factual and reality programming into specific genres includes news, current affairs, documentary, and reality programmes, with further sub genres applied within each of these categories. This article critically examines genre evaluation. The quantitative research in this article is based on two national representative surveys conducted in Britain and Sweden. In both Britain and Sweden, programme makers have moved towards a reliance on popular factual genres. In Britain this is across all channels, and in Sweden this is mainly concentrated on commercial channels. Whilst there is still a commitment to news, there is an increasing use of hybrid genres in an attempt to popularise factual output. The impact of this changing generic environment on audiences is that in both countries viewers have reacted by drawing a line between traditional and contemporary factual genres. It is precisely because of the redrawing of the factual map that viewers rely on traditional ways of evaluating genres as public and informative, or popular and entertaining. The data provides evidence that contributes to existing debate on television genre, public service broadcasting, and media literacy skills. The central argument in this article is that genre evaluation is connected with wider socio-cultural discourses on public service broadcasting and popular culture, and that these are common social and cultural values that are shared by national audiences in two Northern European countries.     

闽台糕饼粿印模与两地风俗

一糕印、饼印、粿印形制各异、工艺精美,是颇为珍贵的民间艺术创作和文化创造。不仅代表着闽台两地的饮食文化,也反映两地的习俗信仰、节庆生活;同时也显现出艺术与生活结合为一体的传统风俗,在福建、台湾等地年节婚庆、敬神祭祖等传统民俗活动中都有广泛的传播。木制糕饼粿印模以雕刻的手法制作。     

Goals and achievement orientations of anglo and mexican-american adolescents in sport and the classroom

The purpose of this study was to analyze the definitions of success and failure (achievement goals) and preferred means to goal attainment (achievement orientations) among male and female Anglo and Mexican-American high school students I athletes in sport and the classroom. Based on a recent conceptualization of achievement motivation, it was assumed that definitions of success and failure could be equated to personal characteristics, behaviors, or outcomes and reflect an emphasis on either effort or ability. Further, it was assumed that there are two major achievement orientations: In one, the means to goal attainment entail social comparison; in the second, goal attainment is processed according to mastery criteria. Results revealed cultural and sex differences in athletic goals. Anglo males were more likely to define sport success in terms of ability while Anglo females and Mexican-American athletes tended to equate athletic success to the demonstration of effort. The reverse was true for sport failure—Anglo males emphasized low effort while the other groups stressed low ability. Variations in preferred achievement orientations were also revealed. For example, in the athletic setting, females showed the least preference for sport success which reflected on the individual and involved social comparison. Males indicated the least preference for individual-oriented, social comparison-based athletic failure.