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Patricia J. Bauer 《Child development》1993,64(1):285-297
Gender-schema theory predicts that, based on a rudimentary understanding of gender (e.g., self-labeling), children will invoke gender schemata in the processing of information. In older children, one indication of schematic processing is differential memory for schema-consistent versus schemainconsistent material. Due to a lack of appropriate measures, evidence of very early use of gender schemata has been limited. In the present study, elicited imitation was used to assess 25-month-old girls' and boys' immediate and delayed recall of sequences depicting femalestereotyped, male-stereotyped, and gender-neutral activities. At immediate and delayed testing, girls showed equivalent levels of recall of all 3 sequence types. Boys showed superior recall of male- relative to female-stereotyped sequences; their recall of gender-neutral sequences was equivalent to that of male-stereotyped ones. Results indicate that, at least for boys, use of gender schemata is evident by 25 months of age. Possible explanations for the absence of a clear effect for girls are discussed. 相似文献
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