Foam separation of chromium （VI） from aqueous solution

Removal of chromium (VI) dissolved in water by intermittent foam separation was implemented with cetyl trimethy-ammonium bromide as surfactant. The influence of various factors on removal efficiency was systematically studied. The removal efficiency has a maximum value near pH 4.0; thus, most experiments were carried out at pH 4.0. The orthogonal experiment was conducted to confirm the optimal operating parameters. The orthogonal experimental results show that when the liquid feed concentration is 10 mg/L, the pH value of feed solution is 4.00, air flow rates 0.9 L/min, surfactant dosage is 300 mg/L, the maximum removal efficiency of chromium (VI) reaches 97.80%, and condense multiple reaches 1 711. The kinetic test indicates that the foam separation of chromium is a first-order process. The equivalent rate constant calculated from the slope is 0.406 4, and the equivalent rate equation is obtained.     

Determination of Diffusion Coefficient and Analysis of Diffusion Factors of Cr(Ⅵ) Ion in Clay Soil

Some laboratory diffusion tests were conducted with diffusion device to determine the diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) ion passing through Dalian red clay samples. The concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) at different places of the samples were then measured spectrophotometrically after a standing time of 1 000 d. A one-dimensional solute transport equation was used to simulate the transport of Cr(Ⅵ) through clay samples. Back-calculation of diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) was made with finite difference method. Parametric...     

有机改性膨润土负载羟基氧化铁处理含铬(Ⅵ)废水

以具有良好吸附性能的有机膨润土作为载体制备有机改性膨润土负载羟基氧化铁,并用制备的复合吸附剂对含铬(VI)废水进行吸附实验。结果表明,改性膨润土的质量分数为3‰时,Cr(Ⅵ)废水去除效果较好。当复合吸附剂的投加量为1.0g,温度为25℃,振荡时间为4h时,对含10mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)废水去除率达98.37%。     

铬(Ⅵ)的微生物转化研究进展

六价铬离子是水体污染中一种重要的污染物之一。本文简要介绍国内外利用微生物处理六价铬的研究现状,阐述耐铬微生物的的分子机理。同时,了解微生物处理铬污染也是环保意识养成教育的理想素材。     

不同活化剂制备的脐橙皮渣活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

采用H_3PO_4和Na OH为活化剂制备脐橙皮渣活性炭,从吸附时间、p H值、初始浓度、活性炭用量等因素研究两种活性炭对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能.研究结果表明,碱法活化的活性炭吸附性能好于酸法活化的活性炭,两种活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附可能都属于多分子层吸附,但碱法的活性位点更多.两种活性炭的最佳吸附条件分别为:酸法p H值:3.0,吸附时间:4 h,活性炭投入量:0.03 g,初始浓度:10 mg/l;碱法p H值:2.0,吸附时间:7 h,活性炭投入量:0.02 g,初始浓度:10 mg/l.     

TiO2-葡萄糖体系光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)研究

研究了葡萄糖存在下TiO2光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)过程中葡萄糖浓度、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度及不同反应条件对Cr(Ⅵ)光降解速率的影响．TiO2催化剂悬浮体系能有效地光催化还原溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)离子；葡萄糖的存在对TiO2的光催化还原Cr(Ⅵ)的反应具有明显的促进作用，符合一级反应动力学规律．     

二安替匹林基-(对甲氧基)苯基甲烷与铬(Ⅵ)的显色反应的研究

在H_3PO_4介质中,吐温-60和Mn(Ⅱ)存在下,二安替匹林-(对甲氧基)苯基甲烷与Cr(Ⅵ)生成橙色化合物,λ_max为440 nm,ε为1.4×10~5,Cr(Ⅵ)量在0-9 μg/5ml间符合比耳定律,用于水中微量铬(Ⅵ)的测定效果良好。     

Determination of Diffusion Coefficient and Analysis of Diffusion Factors of Cr（Ⅵ） Ion in Clay Soil

Some laboratory diffusion tests were conducted with diffusion device to determine the diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) ion passing through Dalian red clay samples. The concentrations of Cr(Ⅵ) at different places of the samples were then measured spectrophotometrically after a standing time of 1 000 d. A one-dimensional solute transport equation was used to simulate the transport of Cr(Ⅵ) through clay samples. Back-calculation of diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) was made with finite difference method. Parametric analysis was conducted to simulate variations in soil dry density, temperature, pH and standing time. The results show that the method used in this paper is simple and effective. The diffusion coefficient of Cr(Ⅵ) in Dalian red clay varies from 1.50×10-7 cm2/s to 2.08×10-7 cm2/s. After 1 000 d diffusion, the concentration of the source solution drops down to 1.27 mg/L from 62.5 mg/L, and the diffusion distance is only 3.5 cm. Under the assumption that diffusion coefficient is constant, the diffusion effect becomes more obvious with lower density, lower temperature, higher pH value, and much more time.     

Estimation of vegetation biophysical parameters by remote sensing using radial basis function neural network

Hyperspectral reflectance (350~2500 nm) data were recorded at two different sites of rice in two experiment fields including two cultivars, and three levels of nitrogen (N) application. Twenty-five Vegetation Indices (VIs) were used to predict the rice agronomic parameters including Leaf Area Index (LAI, m2 green leaf/m2 soil) and Green Leaf Chlorophyll Density (GLCD, mg chlorophyll/m2 soil) by the traditional regression models and Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBF). RBF emerged as a variant of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in the late 1980’s. A large variety of training algorithms has been tested for training RBF networks. In this study, Original RBF (ORBF), Gradient Descent RBF (GDRBF), and Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) were employed. Results showed that green waveband Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVIgreen) and TCARI/OSAVI have the best prediction power for LAI by exponent model and ORBF respectively, and that TCARI/OSAVI has the best prediction power for GLCD by exponent model and GDRBF. The best performances of RBF are compared with the traditional models, showing that the relationship between VIs and agronomic variables are further improved when RBF is used. Compared with the best traditional models, ORBF using TCARI/OSAVI improves the prediction power for LAI by lowering the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) for 0.1119, and GDRBF using TCARI/OSAVI improves the prediction power for GLCD by lowering the RMSE for 26.7853. It is concluded that RBF provides a useful exploratory and predictive tool when applied to the sensitive VIs.     

Vacuum interrupter, high reliability component of distribution switches, circuit breakers and contactors

The use of vacuum interrupters(VIs)as the current interruption component for switches,circuit breakers,reclosers and contactors operating at distribution voltages has escalated since their introduction in the mid-1950’s.This electrical product has developed a dominating position for switching and protecting distribution circuits.VIs are even being introduced into switching products operating at transmission voltages.Among the reasons for the VI’s popularity are its compactness,its range of application,its low cost,its superb electrical and mechanical life and its ease of application.Its major advantage is its well-established reliability.In this paper we show how this reliability has been achieved by design,by mechanical life testing and by electrical performance testing.We introduce the“sealed for life”concept for the VI’s integrity.We discuss this in terms of what is meant by a practical leak rate for VIs with a life of over 30 years.We show that a simple high voltage withstand test is an easy and effective method for monitoring the long-term vacuum integrity.Finally we evaluate the need for routine inspection of this electrical product when it is used in adverse ambient environments.     

冷高分罐16MnⅥ(HIC)主体环缝窄间隙埋弧焊工艺

16MnⅥ(HIC)锻钢为低合金高强度结构抗氢钢,焊接性能良好。针对冷高分罐在制造过程中易出现的突出问题,分析了其基体材料16MnⅥ(HIC)的焊接性,阐述了克服该材料在焊接过程中出现缺陷的工艺措施。试验结果表明,通过采取合理的焊接工艺,可保证该类材料的焊接性,并为窄间隙埋弧焊焊接高压重容提供依据。     

偶氮胂(Ⅲ)高灵敏度法测定痕量铬的研究

研究了偶氮胂(Ⅲ)与CrO7 2 -的褪色反应 ,建立了一种新的光度法测定痕量Cr(Ⅵ)方法 ,发现其在硝酸介质中具有高灵敏的褪色反应,摩尔吸光系数达4 .8×106,Cr(Ⅵ)量在0 -0 .8Mg/25ml范围内符合比耳定律 .     

Experimental study on the inhibition of biological reduction of Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA in NOx absorption solution

Scrubbing of NOx from the gas phase with Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA has been shown to be highly effective. A new biological method can be used to convert NO to N2 and regenerate the chelating agent Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA for continuous NO absorption. The core of this biological regeneration is how to effectively simultaneous reduce Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA and Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO, two mainly products in the ferrous chelate absorption solution. The biological reduction rate of Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA plays a main role for the NOx removal efficiency. In this paper, a bacterial strain identified as Klebsiella Trevisan sp. was used to demonstrate an inhibition of Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA reduction in the presence of Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO. The competitive inhibition experiments indicted that Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO inhibited not only the growth rate of the iron-reduction bacterial strain but also the Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA reduction rate. Cell growth rate and Fe(Ⅲ)EDTA reduction rate decreased with increasing Fe(Ⅱ)EDTA-NO concentration in the solution.     

疏水型SiO_2气凝胶对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附及动力学研究

以疏水型SiO2气凝胶为吸附剂,研究其对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。考查了pH、吸附时间、气凝胶用量对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附率的影响,探索了吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的动力学特性。实验结果表明,在pH=2、气凝胶的量m=0.4 g、反应时间t=75 min时,疏水型SiO2气凝胶对Cr(VI)的去除率较高;疏水型SiO2气凝胶对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附行为更符合准二级动力学模型;使用乙醇作为脱附剂,脱附效果较好。     

Availability and toxicity of Fe(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) in Caco-2 cells

The objective of the present study was to compare the toxicity and availability of Fe(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) to Caco-2 cells.Cellular damage was studied by measuring cell proliferation and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. The activities of two major antioxidative enzymes [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx)] and differentiation marker (alkaline phosphatase) were determined after the cells were exposed to different levels of iron salts. The cellular iron concentration was investigated to evaluate iron bioavailability. The results show that iron uptake of the cells treated with Fe(Ⅱ) is significantly higher than that of the cells treated with Fe(Ⅲ) (P＜0.05). Fe(Ⅱ) at a concentration>1.5 mmol/L was found to be more effective in reducing cellular viability than Fe(Ⅲ). LDH release investigation suggests that Fe(Ⅱ) can reduce stability of the cell membrane. The activities of SOD and GPx of the cells treated with Fe(Ⅱ) were higher than those of the cells treated with Fe(Ⅲ), although both of them increased with raising iron supply levels. The results indicate that both Fe(Ⅱ) and Fe(Ⅲ) could reduce the cellular antioxidase gene expression at high levels.     

分散液液微萃取-分光光度法测定电镀废水中铬(Ⅵ)

用三氯甲烷作萃取剂,无水乙醇作分散剂,依据二苯碳酰二肼分光光度法与铬(Ⅵ)能形成紫红色可溶性络合物,建立分散液液微萃取-分光光度法测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)的分析方法,优化了分散液液微萃取富集条件和分光光度法的测定参数。在最佳实验条件下,铬(Ⅵ)质量浓度在5~60 ng/mL时与吸光度服从比尔定律,回归方程为A=0.011 7ρ+0.005 6,相关系数r=0.999 3,检出限为0.46 ng/mL。实验讨论了20多种共存离子的影响。采用实验方法测定电镀废水中铬(Ⅵ),相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为1.6%~2.1%,加标回收率为97.8%~103.0%,测得电镀废水中六价铬含量与原子吸收光谱法的测定结果基本一致。     

催化动力学极谱法测定铬(Ⅵ)的研究

在0 01mol·L-1H2SO4介质中,铬(Ⅵ)对溴酸钾氧化甲基橙的反应具有强烈的催化作用,甲基橙于-0 59V处产生一灵敏的导数极谱波,以极谱法测定催化反应过程中甲基橙浓度的变化,建立了测定痕量铬(Ⅵ)的催化动力学新方法。该方法的线性范围为8 0×10-4～3 6×10-2mg·L-1,检出限为1 25×10-7mg·L-1,应用于电镀废水中痕量铬(Ⅵ)的测定,结果令人满意。     

冰模板-微波法协同的用于吸附水中Cr(Ⅵ)的生物炭制备

该文采用新鲜含水的豆腐渣为原料,液氮冷冻后的冰为模板,利用微波加热快速制备功能性分级孔生物碳材料,用来吸附水中的重金属铬Cr(Ⅵ).文章探究了不同微波加热时间制备的生物炭的微观结构和化学组成差异,及其对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附的影响.该项研究为吸附水中的Cr(Ⅵ)提供了一种快速、绿色的方法,具有工业化应用的潜在价值.实验过程包括...