背景知识与英语阅读理解

英语阅读理解并非书面语言信息向读者大脑的单向转移,而是读物的文字内容和读者的背景知识相互作用的结果。背景知识不仅指文化背景,还指人们掌握的各种知识,包括语言知识本身及读者已有的各种生活经验、经历等。本文旨在揭示背景知识在英语阅读理解中的重要性,以期提高英语阅读的教学。     

文化背景知识与阅读理解

本文在理论和实践的基础上,讨论了影响阅读理解的文化背景知识及其学习的重要性,同时提供了几种教学法.     

The Influence of Background Knowledge on Reading Comprehension

English has never been of more importance in our society than today. However,reading is ofen considered the most difficult in terms of literacy, accuracyand efficiency. Generally speaking, improving reading skills requires more time of training than improving listening and speaking.Reading comprehension, a complicated psycholinguistic process, is an interactive process between the reader’s background knowledge and the text. This essay considers that background knowledge is the key factor affecting reading comprehension.     

The Influence of Background Knowledge on Reading Comprehension

English has never been of more importance in our society than today. However,reading is often considered the most difficult in terms of literacy, accuracy and efficiency. Generally speaking, improving reading skills requires more time of training than improving listening and speaking. Reading comprehension, a complicated psycholinguistic process, is an interactive process between the reader’s background knowledge and the text. This essay considers that background knowledge is the key factor affecting reading comprehension.     

英语阅读与文化背景知识

加强语言学习质量，提高语言规则学习速度，关键在于强化英语阅读。阅读是学好英语的一个重要条件。同时让学习者懂得在对语言材料的词、句和语法大致熟悉的情况下，影响理解深度的关键因素是语言的文化背景知识。     

日语阅读理解中隐性背景知识探讨

语言既具有显性知识的特征,同时又具有隐性知识的特征.民族文化对语言的影响,有些是外在的,但更多是作为隐性因素,在无形中发挥着深刻的作用.内外有别、上下之分、共同认识的语言基础、主语缺省、敬畏自然等等这些都是影响日语理解和翻译的背景知识,能否更深程度地把握语言后面的隐性背景知识,是正确理解和翻译日语的关键.     

背景知识对英语阅读理解影响的实证性研究

本文通过实验报告的形式来说明背景知识对英语阅读的影响。实验的目的在于证明知识熟知程度和背景知识对阅读理解和阅读速度有影响。实验结果也恰恰表明了背景知识对阅读理解的正确率和速度都有一定影响。以及由此讨论如何激活学生的背景知识来提高英语教学效率。     

论阅读教学中背景知识与阅读理解的关系

阅读理解的产生取决于读者头脑中的背景信息和文本所呈现的课文信息的交互作用,背景信息、课文信息是决定阅读理解的必要因素。背景知识不是阅读理解的必要条件,只有当背景信息与课文信息无法交互时,才需要引入背景知识,也只有当背景知识既与背景信息交互又与课文信息一致时,背景知识才能促进阅读理解。     

建构主义学习观与大学英语阅读中的推理

建构主义学习观强调学习者并不是空着脑袋进入学习情境中。他们会根据具体学习情境和已有知识进行积极主动的努力。在大学英语阅读中,推理对理解起着至关重要作用。从建构主义学习观出发,具体举例分析背景信息在推理中的作用;语用推理如何利用上下文和一些辅助信息进行意义推测;以及最小假设模式下自动推理。     

文化背景知识与英文阅读理解

通过文化遗产、社会历史、地理环境、传统意识、宗教信仰五方面对比,分析了中外语言的文化背景知识的差异,提出在英语阅读教学中,要结合英文内容所涉及的他国文化背景知识,理解文句的深层含义,借以提高英文阅读的质量。     

不同背景颜色对阅读理解的影响

目的:探讨不同背景颜色对大学生阅读理解的影响情况。方法:从福建某大学选取160名大一学生为被试,采用4×2被试间设计,以ppt的形式呈现中文材料阅读,以此考察大学生的阅读成绩。结果:(1)不同背景颜色存在显著差异(F=4.731,p=.003),其中白色背景的阅读成绩高于红、绿、蓝背景;(2)字体大小差异不显著(F=1.104,p=.295),背景色和字体大小交互作用不显著(F=2.156,p=.096)。结论:颜色对阅读成绩产生影响,字体大小对阅读成绩不产生影响。     

浅析文化背景知识对英语听力理解的影响

本文简要论述了英语听力与听力教学的重要性,分析了影响学习者听力理解能力的因素,尤其强调了文化背景知识对听力理解的影响。最后提出要充分利用听力课堂,在教学中结合词语、对话、背景知识的介绍以及相关影视片来启发学习者的文化认知能力,从而提高学生的英语听力理解水平。     

阅读理解中语用推理能力培养的关联论研究

本文从关联理论的角度解释阅读理解过程，通过对认知语境、语境效果和最佳关联等方面的分析，揭示阅读理解是一种明示-推理、寻求最佳关联的动态交际过程。同时提出了在阅读教学中以关联理论为基础培养语用推理能力的一些方法。     

背景音乐促进阅读理解:不同偏好下的实验结果

实验以90名初中生为研究对象,考察节奏快慢、语言熟悉度对有无背景音乐偏好的被试语文阅读理解的影响。结果表明:1)有背景音乐偏好对阅读理解有显著的促进作用;2)背景音乐节奏对初中生的阅读成绩影响不存在差异;3)不熟悉的背景音乐歌词对有偏好被试阅读理解有显著的促进作用,而在熟悉歌词语言条件下,对于有、无背景音乐偏好被试的阅读理解成绩无差异。     

文化背景知识对阅读理解的影响

本文分析了文化背景知识在阅读理解中的地位和作用,探讨了语言和文化的相互关系以及对语言学习的影响,从词汇、句式和语篇三个方面对语言中的差异进行了研究。     

阅读课程中语用推理能力的培养

在英语阅读教学中，教师往往忽视学生语用推理能力的培养。本文根据语用学中与语用推理相关的理论，设计了一套训练项目以助于培养学生英语阅读中的语用推理能力。     

TheSignificanceofBackground Knowledge onStudents’English Listening Comprehension

The background knowledge has the stimulating function in English listening comprehension; it can reduce the psychological pressure before listening, strengthen the confidence and enhance the predictive ability. Therefore, the paper mainly discusses the importance and influences of linguistic background knowledge and non-linguistic background knowledge in listening comprehension. The author also gives some suggestions on teaching English listening according to the analysis of significances of background knowledge in the paper.     

英语阅读能力与知识信息量的摄入

本文通过探讨学生的英语阅读能力与获得各种知识信息量的关系，指出在阅读过程中，学生应克服那些妨碍他们准确理解和阅读速度的因素，拥有有效的阅读方法和技巧，从而成为高效率的阅读者。     

The Relationship Between Intrinsic Motivation and Reading Comprehension: Mediating Effects of Reading Amount and Metacognitive Knowledge of Strategy Use

ABSTRACT

The goal of the present study was to investigate the mediating effects of reading amount and metacognitive knowledge of strategy use in the relationship between intrinsic motivation and reading comprehension among secondary school students. We hypothesized that reading amount and metacognitive knowledge of strategy use in Grade 6 will mediate the relationship between intrinsic motivation in Grade 5 and reading comprehension in Grade 7 while taking into account the reciprocal relationship between intrinsic motivation and reading comprehension in Grades 5 and 7. Within the framework of the German National Educational Panel Study, 3,829 secondary school students were included in the analyses. Based on the analyses of structural equation models, we found significant indirect effects of intrinsic motivation on reading comprehension through reading amount and metacognitive knowledge of strategy use. The results of exploratory analyses on moderating effects of sex and the levels of reading skills are also discussed.     

Development of Knowledge about the Role of Inference in Text Comprehension

The goal of this research was to learn when children recognize that they make inferences to understand text, and how this knowledge affects their ability to revise text and to monitor its informativeness. In 4 experiments, first-, second-, and third-grade children (6-10 years) were presented with brief stories in which the physical cause of a target event was described explicitly, implied, or not mentioned in the text. In the first 3 experiments, children judged whether they had inferred the cause or if it had been explicitly mentioned in either the original or a revised version of the story. The results showed that for stories with implicit causes, first- and second-grade children tended to report that the causes had been explicitly mentioned, while third graders correctly reported that the causes were inferred. In the fourth experiment, children were asked to judge the difficulty of inferring the cause from problematic and ambiguous versions of the stories. Older children were more likely to report difficulties in inferring the target information. Third graders were also more likely to revise the texts to include additional information about the causes of the target events. The results show that younger children tend to attribute inferred information of the text, while older children clearly distinguish inferred and explicit text information.