透明文字阅读障碍儿童阅读流畅性的实验干预研究

相比于阅读正确性,透明文字阅读障碍儿童的阅读流畅性问题更突出。本文用多基线干预性混合实验设计,考察形-音联结和重复阅读两种训练对3~5年级不同水平维吾尔文阅读障碍儿童阅读流畅性的单独和综合干预效果。结果发现:(1)基线时,不同水平阅读障碍儿童的单词阅读正确性和阅读理解成绩不存在显著差异,但在阅读流畅性测验得分上严重阅读障碍儿童显著落后于一般阅读障碍儿童;(2)形-音联结和重复阅读两种训练分别提高了阅读障碍儿童的假词和真词阅读速度,两种训练结合使用时提高了阅读理解成绩,其中严重阅读障碍儿童的阅读理解成绩提高的更明显。     

A Meta-Analysis of Interventions to Improve Reading Comprehension Outcomes for Adolescents with Reading Difficulties

This meta-analysis synthesized 97 effect sizes extracted from 37 intervention studies for students with reading difficulties (RDs) in Grades 6 to 12 published between 1982 and 2021 to identify the overall impact of reading interventions and the moderating effects of intervention characteristics and study design characteristics. Random-effects robust variance estimation (RVE) was used to account for dependencies within studies. Overall, interventions designed to improve reading comprehension outcomes for adolescents with RDs were effective (g = 0.63). Meta-regression analyses identified several significant moderators that were associated with intervention efficacy, such as text content, duration of intervention, agent of intervention, status of student, type of dependent measure, and study quality. We provide study limitations as well as implications for research and practice.     

Difficulties in Lexical Stress Versus Difficulties in Segmental Phonology Among Adolescents With Dyslexia

Dyslexic difficulties in lexical stress were compared to difficulties in segmental phonology. Twenty-nine adolescents with dyslexia and 29 typically developing adolescents, matched on age and nonverbal ability, were assessed on reading, spelling, phonological and stress awareness, rapid naming, and short-term memory. Group differences in stress assignment were larger than in segmental phonology in reading and spelling pseudowords but not words, indicating a fragility of explicit processes that manipulate stress representations. Despite impaired stress performance in dyslexia at the group level, individual variability failed to reveal evidence for a stress-specific deficit or for a distinct stress-impaired subgroup.     

Factors Related to Differential Achievement Among Boys in Ninth-Grade Algebra

Abstract

This study was an investigation to determine intellectual and non-intellectual variables associated with achievement, persistence, and change of curricular choice among secondary school pupils. The sample of 140 students was categorized into three groups: achievers (N = 86), those who encountered no academic difficulty in their four years of a curriculum; persisters (N = 23), those who encountered difficulty but remained in their initial choice; and changers (N = 31), those who changed their curriculum. The analysis of variance was applied to test significance of the intellectual variables; chi-square for the nonintellectual variables. The level of confidence used for significance was .05.

All intellectual variables tested proved statistically significant. None of the non-intellectual variables tested for changers and persisters proved significant. The conclusion reached was that academic skills, especially reading, arithmetic, and language, related to achievement and persistence in curricular choice.     

Probabilistic Cues to Grammatical Category in English Orthography and Their Influence During Reading

We investigated probabilistic cues to grammatical category (noun vs. verb) in English orthography. These cues are located in both the beginnings and endings of words—as identified in our large-scale corpus analysis. Experiment 1 tested participants' sensitivity to beginning and ending cues while making speeded grammatical classifications. Experiment 2 tested sensitivity to these cues during lexical decisions. For both tasks, words with consistent ending cues (with respect to grammatical category) were processed more quickly and with lower error rates than words with inconsistent ending cues. However, for beginnings, consistent cues resulted in lower errors but no differences in response times. The data reported here point to the multifaceted nature of grammatical category representation and indicate that probabilistic orthographic cues relating to grammatical category have a clear influence on lexical processing particularly when these cues are located at the end of the word.     

Comparing Factors Related to Reading Comprehension in Adolescents Who Speak English as a First (L1) or Second (L2) Language

This study examined factors related to reading comprehension in adolescents who spoke English as a first language (L1) and English as a second language (L2). Measures of decoding, vocabulary knowledge, and reading comprehension were administered to 31 L1 and 44 L2 speakers. English L2 adolescents scored significantly lower than their L1 peers on all measures. Factor analyses produced different configurations of variables for each group. For L1 learners, measures of decoding and vocabulary were separate factors but were one factor for English L2 learners. For the L1 learners, it was only the measure of vocabulary that was a significant predictor of reading comprehension. For L2 learners, decoding, vocabulary, and the interaction of decoding and vocabulary were all significant predictors of reading comprehension. Relations among these variables in adolescents who are beginning to learn English as an L2 are explored.     

The Relations Among Oral and Silent Reading Fluency and Comprehension in Middle School: Implications for Identification and Instruction of Students With Reading Difficulties

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relations among oral and silent reading fluency and reading comprehension for students in Grades 6 to 8 (n = 1,421) and the use of fluency scores to identify middle school students who are at risk for failure on a high-stakes reading test. Results indicated moderate positive relations between measures of fluency and comprehension. Oral reading fluency (ORF) on passages was more strongly related to reading comprehension than ORF on word lists. A group-administered silent reading sentence verification test approximated the classification accuracy of individually administered ORF passages. The correlation between a maze task and comprehension was weaker than has been reported for elementary students. The best predictor of a high-stakes reading comprehension test was the previous year's administration of the grade-appropriate test; fluency and verbal knowledge measures accounted for only small amounts of unique variance beyond that accounted for by the previous year's administration.     

Statistical and Cooperative Learning in Reading: An Artificial Orthography Learning Study

This article reports two experiments in which the artificial orthography paradigm was used to investigate the mechanisms underlying learning to read. In each experiment, participants were taught the meanings and pronunications of words written in an unfamiliar orthography, and the statistical structure of the mapping between written and spoken forms (O-P) was manipulated independently of the mapping between written forms and their meanings (O-S). Our results support three main conclusions. First, the statistical structure of O-P and O-S mappings determined how easily each of those mappings was learned, suggesting that the learning of both mappings engages a common statistical learning mechanism. Second, learning to read is a cooperative process, in that learning in any particular component of the reading system is influenced by knowledge stored in the rest of the system. Finally, knowledge of sublexical regularities can be acquired as the result of exposure to words embodying those regularities.     

神经质人格特质对青少年自杀意念的影响:有中介的调节模型

为探讨神经质人格特质对青少年自杀意念的影响,采用青少年小五人格问卷、中学生心理韧性问卷、流调中心抑郁量表、青少年自杀意念问卷,对816名青少年进行问卷调查.结果表明:神经质人格特质可以正向预测青少年的自杀意念;心理韧性在神经质人格特质与自杀意念的关系间起调节作用;抑郁是心理韧性调节神经质人格特质与自杀意念关系中的中介变量.基于研究发现,学校和教师应对青少年进行高神经质人格特质与抑郁的筛查,并对其进行干预,缓解负性心理特质对青少年心理健康的影响;应着力提升青少年的心理韧性水平,提高他们应对负性事件和调节消极情绪的能力.     

中高级英语阅读材料的关联因素及阅读障碍

对一篇中高级阅读材料的正确理解，在很大程度上取决于能否准确把握读物内部的种种关系。为提高驾驭材料的能力，对词汇意义、语法、篇章脉络到作者的目的、态度、意图等，阅读者都应达到透彻、准确的认识，扫除障碍，从而实现阅读的高效和快速。     

语文文学阅读的特质——感性阅读

文学形象、情感和审美的感性特征决定了语文文学阅读的特质是感性阅读.感性阅读有两个层面：感知与感悟.感知是感性阅读的基础,感悟是感性阅读的终端,也是感性阅读的最完美呈现.任何阅读,都必须遵循由感到悟,先感后悟的规律与次序.     

The Nature and Causes of Regressive Movements in Reading

Ninety-six Wisconsin school district administrators and sixty-six AERA members responded to a tripart survey instrument on the question of access to public schools to do research. The three topics were: (1) a critical incident report form, (2) a Likert-type attitudinal scale, and (3) three separate rank-order questions. Administrators appear to make decisions on access requests on a personal basis. Other considerations in access granting appeared to be the value of the research to the district, the amount of upset the research would cause to district routines, tacit policies on district accessibility, the extent of local control possible in the research, and the financial implications for the district. Researchers agree with administrators on academic questions concerning research access but appear to be misperceiving salient signals concerning research access granting.     

The Deficit Profiles of Chinese Children with Reading Difficulties: a Meta-analysis

The current meta-analysis synthesized findings from profiling research on Chinese children with reading difficulties (RD). We reviewed a total of 81 studies published between 1964 and May 2015, representing a total of 9735 Chinese children. There are 982 effect sizes for the comparison between children with RD and age-matched typically developing (A-TD) children and 152 effect sizes for the comparison between children with RD and reading-level-matched typically developing (R-TD) children on multiple linguistic and cognitive skills. Results showed that compared to A-TD children, children with RD have severe deficits in morphological awareness, orthographic knowledge, phonological awareness, rapid naming, working memory, and visual skills and moderate deficits in short-term memory and motor skills. Compared to R-TD children, children with RD only have moderate deficits in rapid naming and mild deficits in orthographic knowledge. Moderation analyses for the comparison between RD and A-TD children revealed that children with more severe RD show more severe deficits in morphological awareness, phonological awareness, rapid naming, and visual skills. However, neither location (Mainland vs. Hong Kong) nor type of reading screening (character recognition vs. character recognition combined with reading comprehension) emerged as a moderator of the deficit profiles. These findings indicate that Chinese children with RD have deficits on a wide range of cognitive and linguistic skills. Deficits in rapid naming and orthographic knowledge may be potential causal factors for RD in Chinese based on existing evidence. Implications for the diagnosis and instructions of Chinese children with RD were discussed.     

Improvement in Rapid Reading as Related to Visual Acuity and Initial Reading Speed

Abstract

College freshmen enrolled in a rapid reading course were assigned to one of two groups on the basis of visual acuity. These groups were further divided on the basis of their pretest reading speed. Reading speed and comprehension measures were taken before, after, and periodically throughout the course. Results indicated that the increase in reading speed of the myopic group was significantly greater than that of the emmetropic group and that the group reading initially faster improved at a more rapid rate than did the slower group. Comprehension decreased during the course with the fast readers maintaining better comprehension. By the final measure, reading speed was more related to visual acuity than to the individual’s initial reading speed. The results were interpreted as supporting the contention that myopes are more visually oriented.     

The Simple View of Reading in Bilingual Language-Minority Children Acquiring a Highly Transparent Second Language

The present study evaluated which components within the simple view of reading model better predicted reading comprehension in a sample of bilingual language-minority children exposed to Italian, a highly transparent language, as a second language. The sample included 260 typically developing bilingual children who were attending either the first 2 years (n = 95) or the last 3 years (n = 165) of primary school and who had Italian as an instructional language. Children were administered a comprehensive battery for the assessment of decoding skills, listening comprehension, and reading comprehension latent variables. Results showed that, in both groups, listening comprehension was the most powerful predictor of reading comprehension, followed, only for younger children, by reading accuracy. Reading speed was not a significant predictor. These results confirmed the primary role of listening comprehension in predicting reading comprehension in bilinguals and added important evidence regarding the role of reading accuracy as a predictor of reading comprehension.     

日语专业教学中学生听力困难因素探究

在日语教学中,学生在听力技巧掌握方面存在很大的问题,听力成绩提高缓慢已经成为日语专业教学中的突出问题之一。文章从教学方式、方法等方面对影响日语专业教学中学生听力提高的各种因素进行深入探讨,以期为日语听力教学提供必要参考与帮助。     

语文阅读教学的困境与出路

当前,中学语文的课堂阅读教学存在着功利性阅读、负载式阅读、囿于文本阅读等一些误区,这些阅读的理念和方法已经严重地影响了阅读教学的向度、自由度和深度。深入剖析这一现状,并在此基础上,提出了如何超越功利、内化素养、提升能力,如何给阅读松绑、还原阅读的本色以及如何立足文本、超脱文本并深度生成的新出路。