Influence of Emotion on the Control of Low-Level Force Production

The accuracy and variability of a sustained low-level force contraction (2% of maximum voluntary contraction) was measured while participants viewed unpleasant, pleasant, and neutral images during a feedback occluded force control task. Exposure to pleasant and unpleasant images led to a relative increase in force production but did not alter the variability of force production compared to conditions in which participants viewed neutral images. Findings are discussed with respect to prior work, emphasizing arousal specific changes that emerge at low target force levels.     

运用竞争平衡指数对我国职业足球竞赛的动态分析

以2008至2012赛季中国足球超级职业联赛作为研究对象,从市场经济学的角度出发采用职业体育竞争平衡相关指数的研究方法,对各个赛季的赢球率标准差、赢球率标准差比率、集中度以及赫芬达尔指数进行竞争平衡状态的分散度以及集中度分析。研究结果表明五个赛季中2008赛季中超联赛的竞争平衡状态最差,其次为2011赛季、2010赛季、2012赛季以及2009赛季。中国足球超级联赛竞争平衡特征呈现反复波动性,缺乏稳定性与提高趋向性。我国职业足球联赛的竞争平衡没有随着职业体育的发展有明显的进步。     

我国城市成年人心理健康监测指标优化及综合评价方法的研究——优化量表的平均值与标准差

在前期优化筛选研究的基础上 ,笔者对社会支持量表和筛选出的EPQ - 4 2、SCL - 4 5量表 ,进行了平均值和标准差计算研究 ,建议可以暂做参考常模。     

体育测量中确定测量次数的研究

体育测量中,通过增加重复测量次数可减小随机误差,达到提高测量的可靠性。但测量次数的增加,进行测量所付出的代价也会加大,特别是体育测量中还要考虑受试者的生理、心理承受能力及测量客观条件等因素。正确的确定所需测量次数,是进行体育测量首先要解决的实际问题。笔者对确定合适的体育测量次数进行分析和探讨。     

大学生体质健康标准测试失真现象的分析——以徐州高校为例

调查徐州5所高校大学生的体质健康标准测试工作,找出导致测试数据失真现象的原因,并阐述此现象的危害,为规范我国大学生体质测试工作提出参考意见。     

Stochastic ordering of simulated rugby match activity produces reliable movements and associated measures of subjective task load,cognitive and neuromuscular function

ABSTRACT

The study assesses the test–retest reliability of movement and physiological measures during a simulated rugby match that employed activities performed in a stochastic order. Twenty male rugby players (21.4 ± 2.1 y) completed two trials of a 2 × 23 min rugby movement simulation protocol during which the order of events was performed in a stochastic order, with 7–10 days between trials. Movement characteristics, heart rate (HR), RPE, maximum voluntary contraction (MVC), voluntary activation (VA%) of the quadriceps, Stroop test and subjective task load rating (NASA-TLX) were measured. The most reliable measures of external load was relative distance (typical error [TE] and CV% = 1.5–1.6 m min^?1 and 1.4–1.5%, respectively), with all other movement characteristics possessing a CV% <5%. The most reliable measure of internal load, neuromuscular function and perceptual measures were for %HRmax (TE and CV% = 1.4–1.7% and 1.4–2.1%, respectively), MVC before (TE and CV% = 10.8–14.8 N·m and 3.8–4.6%, respectively), and average RPE (TE and CV% = 0.5–0.8 AU and 3.6–5.5%, respectively). The Stroop test, NASA-TLX and blood lactate produced the least reliable measures (CV% >5%). Future studies can confidently examine changes in several perceptual, neuromuscular, physiological and movement measures related to rugby activity using stochastic movements.     

基于误差模型的体育测量客观性基本理论

通过对总体误差模型、测验的误差模型和随机样本误差模型的具体分析,讨论了体育测量客观性的统计学定义,总体客观性系数度量方法和具体形式以及客观性的基本方法,并明确指出各种检验方法的适用条件.     

我国城市成年人心理健康监测指标优化—社会支持程度调查研究

社会支持程度是影响心理健康的重要因素。笔者对全国 10城市 3342名成年人进行社会支持程度的调查研究。结果显示 ,成年人男子比女子社会支持程度高 ;社会支持程度随年龄而增长 ,在成年中期达到高峰 ,在成年晚期有所下降 ,但仍比成年初期高 ;本研究结果所获得的各年龄段的平均值和标准差 ,建议可以作为参考常摸     

广东省农村成年人体质测定标准的研制

为更清晰准确的了解不同地区人群体质健康状况,促进体育锻炼,结合广东省人群体质状况,运用文献资料、专家访谈和数理统计等方法,研究制定了适应于广东省农村20-59岁成年人群的体质测定标准。本标准主要包括：该年龄段成年人的各单项指标评价标准和综合评级标准。     

减小体育测量误差的主要途径与方法

根据体育测量的基本特点,综合地分析和探讨了影响体育测量误差的主要因素,提出了减小测量误差的主要途径有:选择科学的测试方法,严格控制测量的条件;调整与控制受试对象的身体机能状态、心理状态;测量的设计要科学;测验的组织、实施过程要规范;尽量增加样本量;根据测量指标的特点确定合理的重复测量次数和取值方式。     

Precision of the optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing method to determine total haemoglobin mass and blood volume

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different apparatuses, procedures and calculations on the precision of the optimized carbon monoxide method. Total haemoglobin mass was determined twice on consecutive days in 11 subjects using both venous and capillary blood samples. To estimate loss of carbon monoxide due to exhalation, carbon monoxide concentration was measured by two portable carbon monoxide analysers (Fluke CO-220, Fluke, Norwich, UK and Pac 7000 Carbon Monoxide, Draeger Safety, Northumberland, UK) and alveolar ventilation was specified using an automated metabolic gas analysis system (Cosmed Quark b2, Cosmed, Rome, Italy). Blood volume was derived from total haemoglobin mass using haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit obtained in both the supine and the seated position. Two different formulae to calculate blood volume were also compared. Precision was good for both total haemoglobin mass and blood volume measurements performed on consecutive days (typical error < 2%). Using Fluke CO-220 analyser, an estimated alveolar ventilation and capillary blood, total haemoglobin mass (917±136 g) was similar when compared to the Pac 7000 Draeger CO-analyser (904±137 g; mean bias –13 g with 95% limits of agreement –26 to + 1 g, P=0.76), specified alveolar ventilation (911±132 g, mean bias –6 g with 95% limits of agreement –18 g to + 6 g, P =0.87) and venous blood (917±134 g, mean bias 0 g with 95% limits of agreement –38 to + 38 g, P=0.99), respectively. Blood volume determination was also not significantly affected by the supine vs. seated position (6.7±0.8 l vs. 6.6±0.8 l, P=0.56) but can deviate by ~0.6 l (P=0.01) depending on the formula applied. Thus, the good precision of the assessment of total haemoglobin mass and blood volume using the optimized carbon monoxide rebreathing method is not significantly influenced by the make of CO analyser, method of obtaining alveolar ventilation, blood sampling method and subject position, but should for longitudinal monitoring purposes use the same formula.     

《国民体质测定标准》的研制

体育锻炼是增强国民体质与健康水平的重要途径。运用专家论证、问卷调查和数理统计等方法，研究制定了适应于我国3～69岁年龄人群的体质测定标准。本《标准》主要包含：各年龄段人群的身高标准体重评价表、其它各单项指标评价表和综合评级标准。     

Effects of Achieving Tendency,Gender, and Outcome on Causal Attributions following Motor Performance

A test of Weiner's propositions of the effects of achieving tendency on causal attributions was conducted using a stabilometer performance as the criterion task. The Achieving Tendency Scale and the Internal-External Control Scale were administered to 930 college students. From these, 120 subjects who had extreme scores on the ATS and moderate scores on the I-E Scale were selected for the experiment. Subjects performed one 30-second trial on either a spring-assisted or a non-spring-assisted stabilometer. The importance of the causal factors of ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck as influences on performance were then rated. A 2 × 2 × 2 MANOVA was performed across the ratings of the four factors, with achieving tendency, gender, and outcome considered as independent variables. The only significant effect was a main effect for outcome (p < .001). Subsequent univariate analyses indicated that only effort attributions differed as a function of outcome (p < .001). Those who succeeded perceived effort to be more important than those who failed. Also, a significant univariate effect (p < .02) was found for gender on the luck factor; females perceived luck to be more important than did males. These results are discussed in terms of methodological and theoretical considerations.     

Biological movement variability during the sprint start: Performance enhancement or hindrance?

In the current study, we quantified biological movement variability on the start and early acceleration phase of sprinting. Ten male athletes aged 17–23 years (100-m personal best: 10.87 ± 0.36 s) performed four 10-m sprints. Two 250-Hz cameras recorded the sagittal plane action to obtain the two-dimensional kinematics of the block start and initial strides from subsequent manually digitized APAS motion analysis. Infra-red timing lights (80 Hz) were used to measure the 10-m sprinting times. The coefficient of variation (CV%) calculation was adjusted to separate biological movement variability (BCV%) from estimates of variability induced by technological error (SEM%) for each individual sprinter and measure. Pearson's product–moment correlation and linear regression analysis were used to establish relationships between measures of BCV% and 10-m sprint start performance (best 10-m time) or 10-m sprint start performance consistency (10-m time BCV%) using SPSS version 12.0. Measurement error markedly inflated traditional measures of movement variability (CV%) by up to 72%. Variability in task outcome measures was considerably lower than that observed in joint rotation velocities. Consistent generation of high horizontal velocity out of the blocks led to more stable and faster starting strides.     

塑胶田径场的验收检测标准与测量方法

塑胶跑道建设在国内外已相当普及 ,如何对塑胶跑道进行检测验收显得尤为重要。笔者在我国制定的《塑胶跑道质量标准》及国际田联的《人造室外田径场地面性能细则》的基础上 ,结合我国塑胶跑道建设的实际情况 ,运用有关化学分析和机械力学等原理 ,提出建立一系列的测量方法 ,对塑胶跑道质量进行检测和评估 ,为体育场馆建设服务。     

中小学实施新一轮体育课程改革的偏差及对策

新大纲与《体育与健康课程标准》两者陆续出台，但由于教师未能深入学习新课程的内容与标准，正确贯彻和理解体育课程的改革精神，对新课程的精神实质还不甚了解，在实际工作中造成了一些偏差现象。针对目前存在的偏差现象提出相应对策，以期为体育工作者在实施新一轮体育课程改革中提供一些新思路，促进新体育课改积极而又稳妥地向纵深发展。