The Influence of Feedback on Competence,Motivation, Vitality,and Performance in a Throwing Task

Purpose: The purpose of this work is focused on the study of the effect that feedback has on competence valuation, perceived competence, autonomous motivation, vitality, and performance in a throwing task. Method: Thirty-five college students (26 men and 9 women), without previous experience in the task, participated in this study. The students were randomly assigned to three experimental conditions (positive, negative, and lack of feedback). Results: The results of this study point out that only those who received positive feedback before the handball throwing task, in contrast to those who received negative feedback or did not receive any feedback, showed increased levels of competence valuation (p < .05, Cliff’s delta effect size = ?.30), perceived competence (p < .001, Cliff’s delta effect size = ?.77), and autonomous motivation (p < .05, Cliff’s delta effect size = ?.48). This group also presented higher levels of perceived competence (p < .001, Cliff’s delta effect size = ?.84) and subjective vitality (p < .001, Cliff’s delta effect size = ?.80) than the group who received negative feedback after the throwing task. Those who received positive feedback also showed a higher throwing speed at the end of task than those who received negative feedback (p < 0.001, Cliff’s delta effect size = ?.71) or than those who did not receive any feedback (p < .05, Cliff’s delta effect size = ?.56). Conclusions: Competence valuation, perceived competence, autonomous motivation, subjective vitality, and throwing speed were favorably influenced by positive feedback. These results have important implications for the training style applied by coaches.     

高校排球课教学评估的研究

从深化提高排球教学质量着手，结合排球项目本身的特点，对高校的排球教学从意义、作用、内容、方法4个方面进行了评估。指出排球教学评估对于高校排球教学工作的管理和排球教学过程的控制都是十分重要的。     

The Development of Skill and Knowledge During a Sport Education Season of Track and Field Athletics

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the relative effectiveness of 2 forms of physical education instruction on students' skill and technical performance, as well as content knowledge in 3 track and field events. Method: Students from 6 classes in 3 Portuguese schools completed 900-min units conducted under the auspices of sport education or a more traditional teacher-directed format. Classes were randomly assigned to these conditions within each school. Results: Although both groups improved significantly from pretest to posttest, the sport education classes outperformed the traditional classes in both technique and skill execution. Only the sport education group made significant improvements in content knowledge. When the students in the traditional group were tested at the point in time where they would usually complete a unit of physical education (450 min), there were no significant improvements in any of the study's variables. Conclusion: The explanation given for the superior performance outcomes of the sport education classes lies in the nature of formal competition and team affiliation, which are cornerstones of this pedagogical model. That is, students take their learning experiences more seriously than in traditional and often inauthentic classes. In terms of content knowledge, the fact that sport education has a level of content-embedded accountability that holds students accountable for their officiating duties is postulated as a significant contributor to their increased understanding of rules and protocols of athletic events.     

排球选项课运用“逆向思维”的实验研究

在排球教学中运用逆向思维是在遵守教学客观规律的基础上,培养学生学习兴趣,注重学生个性的发展,引导和培养学生分析解决问题能力,提高体育参与性和教学效果。     

福建省城市社区运动会现状调查与分析

采用文献资料、比较分析、归纳演绎、现场调查等方法,就福建省城市社区运动会现状进行了研究。结果表明:政府主导型、社会自主型是城市社区运动会的主要类型;政府主导型社区运动会更为专业化、组织化、规范化和规模化,但限制了其经常性、参与人员的广泛性;社会自主型社区运动会更为社会化、平民化、普及化和生活化,但面临资金筹措、组织力度、专业指导等困扰;今后一定时期内政府主导型和社会自主型社区运动会仍将互相依存、优势互补,并进一步向社会化方向发展;政府支持、社区组织、专业策划、商业赞助、媒体宣传、多方筹资、全民参与是全面建设小康社会进程中城市社区运动会的发展方向。     

师范专科学校体育系排球教学改革初探

采用问卷、访问、追踪调查及文献资料等研究方法,针对师专体育系排球课现存的问题,提出转变以技术为中心的教学思想,更新教学内容和改革教学方法,培养新型的体育师资,适应中小学需要。     

排球教学中学生心理障碍的诱因及排除方法的研究

针对体育院系排球教学中常见的不良心理反应，通过问卷和对学生意外伤害事故率，课时利用率情况、学习效果的统计，揭示诱发这些心理现象的原因。提出在教学过程中进行意志品质教育并结合自我心理调节等措施。     

试论合作学习技能在体育教学中的运用

对合作学习技能在体育教学实践中的运用作了分析探讨,着重阐述了体育教学中组织合作学习的目的、合作学习的组织和实施等问题,并提出教师在运用合作学习技能时的注意事项.     

体育实施素质教育方法和途径的研究

在体育教学中实施素质教育是体育教学改革的基本要求。文章采用理论与实践相结合的方法,从素质教育的涵义出发,论述了体育教学中实施素质教育的途径与方法。     

整体化体育教学模式设计结构分析

教学设计是整个体育教学环节中的重要一环。从心理学、教育学、系统设计等领域中将有关的原理、理论及应用加以综合,对整体化体育教学模式设计结构的分析认为,在进行教学模式设计中,首先要把握好教学目标的系统性、全面性、具体性;其次运用六个基本步骤对教学的内容进行任务分析,然后选择最佳的媒体和教法,形成一个可操作的教学方案,为探索最优化的体育教学过程、提高教学效果提供理论参考。     

小学体育教材改革的实验研究──对构建小学健身知识技能教材内容的多因素分析

针对我国体育教材存在的问题，把科学健身的知识引入小学体育教材内容之中，依据有关健身知识技能教学的理论和操作方法，提出了构建健身知识技能教材内容的指导思想和原则，以此构建相应的教材内容，并在小学１、２年级的体育课教学中进行教学实验。结果表明，健身知识技能作为小学体育教材，符合学生发展的需要。     

体育教师运动技能水平再提升探析

采用问卷调查、数理统计及逻辑分析等方法对常州大学城高职院校体育教师运动技能水平、工作满意度等现状进行调查与分析,论述体育教师运动技能水平提升的必要性与可能性,为体育教学水平的提高奠定坚实的基础。     

The Effects of Three Styles of Teaching on the Psychomotor Performance And Social Skill Development of Fifth Grade Children

Abstract

The effects of Mosston's teaching styles B, C and E were examined in terms of motor skill acquisition and social skill development of fifth grade children. Ninety-six children, randomly selected and randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups, were taught a hockey accuracy task. Motor performance data were collected prior to, midway through, and following training; they were analyzed within groups, to determine if learning was evident, and across groups, to examine the relative effectiveness of these three styles of teaching. Social behavior patterns observed during learner-to-learner interaction were also examined during a second task in which pairs of learners were asked to “help” each other learn the task. A 3 × 3 analysis of variance with repeated measures revealed that (1) all three groups learned the task and (2) they learned comparably well. It was concluded that these three styles of teaching are all effective in facilitating learning of this type of motor task. Style C, an arrangement in whcih learners work in pairs, one performing the task while being provided with formative feedback by the other, was found not only to produce comparable learning, but to significantly enhance social skill development on those behaviors associated with giving feedback and receiving it from a peer.     

构建普通学生体育技能水平等级体系促进“阳光体育运动”

本文运用文献资料法等提出了构建学生体育项目技能水平等级体系的理论设想,并介绍其构建思路和方法及意义,同时对构建学生体育项目技能水平等级体系过程中存在的工作难点进行分析研究。其目的是建立较完善、系统的学生体育锻炼和竞赛激励机制打下一个良好的基础,让更多的普通学生有机会参加各种校内外体育运动赛事,促进“阳光体育运动”,同时,对提高体育教学计划、进度安排的针对性也有一定的参考价值。     

浅议基于比赛结构的排球教学优化策略

高校体育是我国高等教育的重要组成部分,高校体育中的学生体育比赛结构教学是学校体育教育的主要表现形式。本文通过浅议基于比赛结构模型的排球教学优化策略,验证了比赛结构模型适用于当前的高校体育教学,是吸引学生参与、观赏体育活动的有效手段,是推动高校体育工作的重要途径。     

＂阳光体育运动＂背景下影响高中体育教学有效性的多维审视及提升策略研究

“阳光体育运动”开展5年来,不论是在活动的开展模式还是青少年体质健康水平的提高都取得了较大的成果,但是纵观国内学者相关研究发现,针对于“阳光体育运动”背景下高中体育教学有效性的研究较少,其中实证研究更是少之又少。本课题采用实验对比等方法专门针对高中体育教育有效性进行实证研究,真实探讨了“阳光体育运动”背景下高中体育教育教学质量的提升,对响应教育部号召以及提高青少年体质健康水平具有重大意义。     

体育游戏在中学体育教学中的作用研究

中学体育教学过程是一个多层次的、复杂的系统，本文运用系统论“四因素”学说把体育教学过程分为体育教师、学生、体育教学内容、体育教学手段几个部分，并从以上四个角度阐述了体育游戏在中学体育教学中的作用。     

排球动作技术教学信息传播系统的优化

借鉴系统论、信息论、传播学、讯息处理学理论,以排球动作技术教学为切入点,提出了分析与研究优化信息传播问题的必要性,探讨了在排球动作技术教学过程中信息传播的优化措施。     

掌握式教学法在不同对象排球技术教学中的应用研究

本研究通过定量实验,探讨了掌握式教学法在各年龄段授课对象排球技术教学中应用的可行性。结论认为,掌握式教学法在不同对象排球技术教学中应用具有广泛性,但应用效果随不同年龄段心理发育规律变化。     

Comparison of Indirect Calorimetry- and Accelerometry-Based Energy Expenditure during Object Project Skill Performance

This study compared the energy expenditure (EE) levels during object projection skill performance (OPSP) as assessed by indirect calorimetry and accelerometry. Thirty-four adults (female n = 18) aged 18–30 (23.5 ± 2.5 years) performed three, 9-min sessions of kicking, over-arm throwing, and striking performed at 6-, 12-, and 30-sec intervals. EE was estimated (METS) using indirect calorimetry (COSMED K4b2) and hip-worn accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X+). EE using indirect calorimetry demonstrated moderate-intensity physical activity (3.4 ± 0.7 METS––30-sec interval, 5.8 ± 1.2 METS––12-sec interval) to vigorous intensity physical activity (8.3 ± 1.7 METS––6-sec interval). However, accelerometry predicted EE suggested only light-intensity physical activity (1.7 ± 0.2 METS––30-sec interval, 2.2 ± 0.4 METS––12-sec interval, 2.7 ± 0.6 METS––6-sec interval). Hip-worn, ActiGraph GT3X+ accelerometers do not adequately capture physical activity intensity levels during OPSP, regardless of differences in skill performance intervals.