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1.
目的 运用“中国家庭追踪调查”(CFPS)中关于城镇社区和成人的调查数据,揭示邻里效应与体育锻炼关系的内在机制,以期为中国城市社区健康促进提供参考.方法 运用HLM 6.08软件对数据进行分层分析,脉络关系采用脉络模型处理.结果 居民年龄(p<0.001)和自评健康(p<0.01)经检验,具有统计学差异.优势邻里指数的...  相似文献   

2.
    
The primary purpose of this tutorial is to succinctly review some options for, and consequences of, centering Level 1 predictors in commonly applied cross-sectional two-level models. It is geared toward both practitioners and researchers. A general understanding of multilevel modeling is necessary prior to understanding the subtleties of centering decisions. A review of some high-quality journals within the broad discipline of exercise science provides evidence that multilevel modeling is used relatively infrequently in this field. Therefore, a secondary purpose is to introduce Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science readers to some core facets of multilevel modeling within the framework of this tutorial. A relevant dataset is used to demonstrate potential consequences of different centering decisions within a multilevel model. Depending on the model and the data, different centering decisions can exert non-trivial influence on the meaning of some model parameters, results from fitting the model, and subsequent conclusions.  相似文献   

3.
Abstract

The goal of the present study was to determine if psychomotor speed is related to perceived performance. It was hypothesized that lower perceived performance was related to longer reaction times. A total of 85 measurements were taken in 26 varsity rowers (mean age 21.3 years, s=1.6) on five occasions over the course of the season. Perceived performance was measured with the “Reduced Sense of Accomplishment” scale of the Athlete Burnout Questionnaire. Reaction times were measured with the finger pre-cueing task and with the action and reaction modes of the determination test. The complex structured data were analysed with multi-level modelling. Random intercept linear models showed that perceived performance was not related to reaction times on the finger pre-cueing task. Perceived performance significantly predicted reaction times on the action and reaction modes of the determination test. In rowers who were not selected for the team after completing two measurement sessions, this relationship did not exist in the action mode; deselection was a moderator. Thus, a significant relationship between reaction times on the determination test and perceived performance was observed. It was concluded that the determination test could be a useful tool to monitor rowers’ responses to training, although several issues should be resolved before it can be used in practice.  相似文献   

4.
    
Purpose: The aims of this study were to analyze the intensity of emotions (positive, negative, or ambiguous) produced when players took part in traditional games with a different social structure and to examine the explanations given by those participants for these emotional experiences. Method: Participants (N = 556) were recruited from 4 Spanish universities. After taking part in each of the games, they were asked to complete the Games and Emotions Questionnaire to indicate the intensity of their emotional experiences and to explain what, in their view, had led to the strongest emotion felt. Results: The application of a mixed-methods approach identified statistically significant differences in relation to 3 variables. These were (a) the type of emotion, (b) motor domain, and (c) type of result (win, loss, and noncompetitive). The intensity of positive emotions was higher in cooperative games and lower in individual games. Comments referring to negative emotions were more frequent as the social structure of games became more complex (minimal presence of individual games and predominance of cooperation-opposition games). Winning was associated with the highest intensity ratings of positive and ambiguous emotions, whereas being defeated produced the highest values for negative emotions. The intensity ratings for negative emotions were lower in noncompetitive games than in games where players lost. Conclusion: The results confirm that traditional games can play a key role in relation to the emotional facets of physical education.  相似文献   

5.
哪些研究问题需要用分层线性模型回答   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
采用常规的回归分析或方差分析处理行为科学与社会科学研究中经常遇到的嵌套数据,不能满足独立观察的假定,得到的标准误差较小,导致I型错误扩大化,同时,也不利于对不同层次变量不同作用的探讨,分层线性则明确区分数据层次,通过对个体水平变量和组别水平变量的分层综合分析,避免了上述弊病,因而可对个体水平的变量进行更准确的预测和更合理的解释,通过实例介绍了将研究问题与分层线性模型有机结合的方法。  相似文献   

6.
    
Abstract

Decision tree induction is a novel approach to exploring attacker-defender interactions in many sports. In this study hockey was chosen as an example to illustrate the potential use of decision tree inductions for the purpose of identifying and communicating characteristics that drive the outcome. Elite female players performed one-versus-one contests (n = 75) over two sessions. Each contest outcome was classified as either a win or loss. Position data were acquired using radio-tracking devices, and movement-based derivatives were calculated for two time epochs (5 to 2.5 seconds, and 2.5 to zero seconds before the outcome occurred). A decision tree model was trained using these attributes from the first session data, which predicted that when the attacker was moving at ≥ 0.5 m · s?1 faster than the defender during the early epoch, the probability of an attacker's win was 1.00. Conversely, when the speed difference at that time was below this threshold the probability of a loss was 0.78. Secondary attributes included defender speed in the lateral direction during the early epoch, and angle of attack (i.e., angle between the respective velocity vectors of the attacker and defender) during the late epoch. The model was then used to predict outcomes of one-versus-one contests from the second session (accuracy = 0.643; area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve = 0.712). Moreover, decision trees provide an intuitive framework for relating spatial-temporal concepts to coaches, and the suitability of decision trees for analysing the features of one-versus-one exchanges are discussed.  相似文献   

7.
采用分层线性模型对我国城市社区居民的个体体育锻炼行为进行研究。研究认为,社区居民的体育锻炼行为的发生不仅受到个体每周工作时间影响之外,受到受教育年限的影响,更重要的是社区居民体育锻炼行为受到高层次变量——家庭月支出的影响。  相似文献   

8.
使用CGSS2006城市问卷部分数据,采用分层线性模型对我国城市社区居民的个体体育行为进行了研究。研究认为,个体层自变量个人每周工作时间、受教育年限、个人年收入与高层自变量家庭月收入共同作用影响个体体育锻炼行为的发生;此外在排除个体层自变量的影响,家庭层的家庭月支出对个体体育锻炼行为的发生有决定性的影响。  相似文献   

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10.
随着科技时代各种文化的不断普及,以及现代年轻大学生接受外来事物的多样性,越来越多的体育竞技、体育文化被他们所接触。因此学生在进入大学后对于体育知识、文化以及竞技的要求更加丰富多样化。相关知识、水平也呈现出多样化、多层次。因此如何提高大学体育教学的精准性,使课程教育更有目的性和针对性使我们应该在课程建设方面用心去挖掘的一件事情。  相似文献   

11.
林文波 《湖北体育科技》2013,32(6):536-537,522
采用问卷调查、实验以及分析统计等多种方法,以浙江省丽水学院公共篮球课的2个教学班为研究对象进行实验研究,论述分层次教学模式在高校公共篮球课教学中的可行性和主要优势。  相似文献   

12.
    
Abstract

We examined the influence of collective efficacy and subjective interpretations of success/failure on team causal attributions. The participants were 71 male and female high school athletes on 20 track relay teams. Before a selected competition, participants completed a collective efficacy questionnaire. Then, immediately after their race, they were administered a modified version of the revised Causal Dimension Scale-II. A multi-level framework was employed to assess collective efficacy as an individually held perception and as a shared team belief. The individual perceptions of team success/failure significantly predicted the locus of causality and stability dimensions, whereas aggregated collective efficacy emerged as a significant team level predictor of average stability. Individual perceptions of collective efficacy were significantly related to team control and this relationship was moderated by the sex of the team. The findings indicate that collective efficacy beliefs held by athletes and teams prior to a competition influence the formation of post-competition team attributions in sport.  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

This study investigated compound spatial and temporal measures of interpersonal interactions purported to constrain the emergence of affordances for passing direction in the team sport of futsal. For this purpose, attacker–defender interactions in 37 sequences of play from a futsal competition in which 24 male professional players participated (M=30.04 years, SD=4.10) were filmed and analysed using TACTO software. Relative angle data were used as measures to study coordination tendencies that emerged between players during performance. Results showed that the direction for a pass emerged from relative angles between: (1) the vector from a ball carrier to ball receiver and the vector from the ball carrier to the nearest defender (70°) (p<0.01) and (2) the vector from a ball carrier to ball receiver and the vector from the ball carrier to a ball receiver's nearest defender (31°) (p < 0.01). Furthermore, passing direction was also constrained by temporal information from the emergence of both angles, since the pass was performed to attacker–defender dyads with the highest velocities of these angles (p < 0.05). Results suggested that decisions on selecting the direction of a pass in the team sport of futsal emerged at critical values of these key compound motion measures.  相似文献   

14.
随着新一轮基础教育课程改革的推进,学校体育分层教学中实施运动处方已经成为了发展的可能和趋势。本文结合分层教学的特点,将运动处方和学生锻炼的实际情况相联系,区分健身方案和运动处方的不同,在询问身体健康状况的基础上,依据科学锻炼的原则,按照运动处方出具的程序,制定合理的运动处方内容,在学生锻炼中科学、合理的运用运动处方,提高学生体质和自主锻炼的能力,促使学生掌握正确的锻炼方法与运动技能,培养对体育的兴趣与终身体育的意识,养成参加运动健身的习惯。  相似文献   

15.
我国80%以上的青少年学生没有达到相关部门建议的每天身体活动1小时的标准。初中生在校时间长,作业量大,课业压力重,离开学校之后很难再有参与身体活动的时间。文章基于社会生态模型在身体活动研究领域的现状分析,针对模型中的个体水平、人际间水平、组织水平,探讨各水平影响因素对初中生参与校内课外身体活动可能存在的影响,为未来制定针促进青少年参与身体活动的综合干预策略奠定基础。  相似文献   

16.
采用文献资料法、问卷调查法和专家访谈法等研究方法,对“国培计划”体育教师能力发展的分层培训进行了系统研究。研究表明,中小学体育教师培训中存在以下几个方面的问题:教师参训目的虽越趋合理,但培训内容与学员实际仍有差距;培训形式的困惑与发展瓶颈在于忽略了参训教师自身的资源;课程设置缺乏体育室内课理论知识等。针对这些问题提出了几种分层培训策略:第一,以专业素质为导向,构建阶梯式体育骨干教师培训体系;第二,以教师自身资源为背景,合理丰富培训模式与内容;第三,以能力发展层次为依据,开设针对性培训课程。  相似文献   

17.
    
ABSTRACT

We draw on the concept of the shared mental model to explain the cross-level direct and moderating effects of team trust on the relationship between coach transformational leadership and cohesion. Using hierarchical linear modelling, we analysed 597 national level high school and university volleyball players to test our research model. Our results revealed that, (a) at the individual level, coach transformational leadership has a positive effect on athletes’ perceptions on cohesion and (b) team trust, a group-level construct, is positively related to social cohesion and moderates the coach transformational leadership-cohesion relationship. The moderating effect demonstrates that the positive effect of coach transformational leadership on cohesion could be enhanced when high levels of team trust are shared within the group. Implications for coach education and sport psychology in terms of theory and research are discussed.  相似文献   

18.
通过对目前大学体育分层次教学模式进行研究,了解和掌握大学体育分层次教学的实践应用,以此来促进大学体育分层次教学模式的改革和发展。  相似文献   

19.
与传统的评价模式相比,分层评价模式有以下特点:统一定性的评价模式与个体差异的评价模式相辅相成,互相补充。它突破了原有的统一定性的评价模式独霸天下的局面,给现代高校体育教学注入了新的血液,活的灵魂。  相似文献   

20.
龚明波  钟平 《体育科学》2005,25(1):87-90
通过对2004年欧洲杯足球赛16支球队的进球、射门、射门命中率、角球、控球、成功传球、抢断、被抢断、犯规、越位和失球等11项攻防技术指标进行主成分分析的基础上,确定球队技、战术能力聚类的综合指标,形成聚类样本。在此基础上,引入模拟人类视觉系统的尺度空间理论,提出了基于尺度层次空间聚类的球队分类方法,分类结果客观反映了2004年欧洲杯足球赛各队技、战术的综合实力,揭示了世界足球运动的发展趋势,并探索出一种分类球队技、战术水平的方法。  相似文献   

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