麦金太尔对于情感主义的批评

情感主义伦理学作为元伦理学的一种,在20世纪上半叶对伦理学的发展产生了深远的影响。在《追寻美德》一书中,麦金太尔对情感主义伦理学进行了彻底的批评。那么,究竟什么是情感主义伦理学,麦金太尔为什么会批评情感主义伦理学,他又是怎样批评的,他的批评是否有道理,这些就是本文关注的基本问题。     

Portraying Caroline Herschel

Evidently a woman of huge ability, Caroline Herschel did make independent discoveries, yet she allowed her reputation to be eclipsed by her brother's, Sir William Herschel. How did this happen?     

Physogs: a game with consequences

In 1939, an unusual card game, Physogs, debuted in the United Kingdom. Based on physiognomic principles, it instructed players as to how to read and construct facial features and character types. Thirty years later, a new form of composite facial recognition, Photofit, was incorporated into the practice of the British police. Both projects, Physogs and Photofit, were the brainchild of one man, Jacques Penry, representing his twentieth-century iteration of physiognomy. How did a card game become an origin point for a new approach to policing?     

情报学理论在知识经济时代的发展完善

在知识经济时代，情报学作为与知识经济紧密联系的一门学科应该紧跟时代步伐，抓住时代机遇迅速发展。本文从知识经济的特点入手，从理论角度分析了情报学在知识经济时代的发展问题。     

The First Building Blocks of the Universe

The first galaxies evolved only a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. But why do they have such a great variety of shapes and structures？ How did the universe evolve as a whole？ Two German-Chinese Partner Groups at the Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics in Garching are using observations and simulations to investigate how the early universe evolved： LI Cheng and Guinevere Kauffmann, as well as GAO Liang and Simon White.     

人民币升值对我国出口可持续发展的影响及对策

人民币对美元持续快速升值,究竟会对我国经济带来怎样的影响?如何更好地促进我国出口可持续发展,形成一个健康、有序的出口贸易体系,这些都是我们需要认真思考的问题。本文详细分析了人民币升值对我国出口贸易可持续发展可能带来的各种影响,在此基础上提出了我国出口可持续发展应对人民币升值所应采取的措施。     

从朗科专利案浅析我国企业专利战略的实施

一纸朗科专利案，引发了人们对大敌当前，危机四伏的我国企业专利状况的深刻反思，我国企业的技术现状到底如何?专利战略的实施究竟为何等水平?技术列强们是如何对我国企业进行专利围剿的?我国企业又该如何去奋起反击，绝地求生?本文试图从“举案说法”的角度，对这一连串的问题，作一粗浅的分析。     

The Cosmos in a Cabinet: Performance,Politics, and Mechanical Philosophy in Henry Bridges’ ‘Microcosm’

How did ordinary people – artisans, laborers, servants, and children – come to know the Newtonian universe? And what effects did this knowledge have on how they contextualized their place in society? When it appeared in 1733, Henry Bridges’ “Modern Microcosm” promised to give paying customers a view of the entire universe ingeniously recreated in a ten-foot-tall automaton theater. A hit with audiences, this clockwork wonder was displayed in Britain and the American colonies until disappearing mysteriously in the 1770s. This paper attempts to recover non-elite understandings of public science by examining the career of an astronomical wonder in the rowdy marketplace of ideas that was the London show scene.     

Shaping the contours of fractured landscapes: Extending the layering of an information perspective on refugee resettlement

Refugee experience of resettlement into a third country is problematised by posing the question, what happens when an established information landscape fractures? Themes of disjuncture, intensification and liminality that have emerged from the author's research are described, using social theories as the analytical lens to shape the contours of fracture. Two other questions are posed How is digital space implicated in rebuilding information landscapes that have become fractured? and; What is the role of technology in enabling or constraining the conditions for remaking place?     

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the rhetorical construction of "bad" scientific work

How are secondary accounts of "bad" scientific practice constructed? How do they engage with the primary data produced by "bad" scientists? And what happens to those primary data as generations of secondary accounts purporting to describe them accumulate? This paper addresses such questions via a case study of Dr. Hong, a microbiologist accused of "bad" scientific practice by numerous secondary accounts of the 2003 SARS outbreak. Bringing Hong's own account of his own actions into dialogue with one of the most influential secondary accounts of his actions, the paper highlights the gross disparity between the two. Having argued that the rhetorical structuring of the secondary account is, ultimately, responsible for Hong's characterisation as a "bad" scientist, it then moves to explore how subsequent accounts developed their own characterisations. What becomes clear is that as secondary accounts began feeding off one another, references to Hong's account disappeared. Aided by the concepts of the "vanishing" and the "phantasm", the paper concludes with a consideration of how this process left Hong's work with a very peculiar form of existence.     

国际社交媒体场景下应急话语导控机制研究——以世卫组织疫苗信息微传播为例

【目的/意义】面对国际社交平台中即时紧张的传播环境及多元繁杂的文化环境,危机治理主体如何发声,如何引导舆论成为亟待解决的问题。【方法/过程】本文以世界卫生组织在推特平台中的疫苗话语实践为样本,借助语义网络分析、LDA主题模型、方面级情绪分析等手段,从时间、议题、意义与形式、主体维度,分析世卫组织对发文节点、议程设置、框架建构、发布形式、社会网络等机制的运用情况。【结果/结论】结果表明,世卫组织通过把握先机、分众传播、情感劝服、多元形式等话语导控策略,实现良好的传播效果,但未能打造网络空间的多主体联盟,多模态形式运用有待提升。【创新/局限】传播学理论可以为统计数据提供更为精微细致的解读,揭示舆情的深层性及社会性,是一次有益的跨学科尝试。局限性在于研究聚焦传播者的过程行为,全面性不足,评价结果可能存在一定偏向性。     

The extinction of bubonic plague in Britain

Here was indeed one difficulty … and it is this, the first person that died of the plague was on December 20th 1664 but after this we heard no more of any dying till the 9th of February which was about seven weeks after when one was buried out of the same house. Then it was hushed till the 22nd of April when there was two buried, not out of the same house but out of the same street. Now the question seems to lie thus: where lay the seeds of infection all this while? How came it to stop so long and not stop any longer?     

Communication challenges for science and religion

How can the very different worlds of science and religion communicate effectively? Religion requires faith, belief without question. Science demands we take nothing on faith, reject any anecdotal evidence. How might these seemingly opposed disciplines collaborate to improve public understanding of science and impact pending policy making without undermining spiritual well being? Are scholars from both disciplines engineering the needed bridges?     

Informational privacy, data mining, and the Internet

Privacy concerns involving data mining are examined in terms of four questions: (1) What exactly is data mining? (2) How does data mining raise concerns for personal privacy? (3) How do privacy concerns raised by data mining differ from those concerns introduced by ‘traditional’ information-retrieval techniques in computer databases? (4) How do privacy concerns raised by mining personal data from the Internet differ from those concerns introduced by mining such data from ‘data warehouses?’ It is argued that the practice of using data-mining techniques, whether on the Internet or in data warehouses, to gain information about persons raises privacy concerns that (a) go beyond concerns introduced in traditional information-retrieval techniques in computer databases and (b) are not covered by present data-protection guidelines and privacy laws.     

企业高价值专利培育路径研究

我国专利申请总量已连续多年位居世界第一,但依然存在“大而不强、多而不优”的问题,企业专利质量的提升刻不容缓,但如何提升专利质量?如何培育高价值专利?却是摆在企业面前的难题。本文从高价值专利的内涵出发,对专利信息分析、专利布局规划、专利评估、专利运用等关键环节进行梳理,形成企业高价值专利培育的路径,以期对企业高价值专利培育的实务工作带来启发和帮助。     

论图书馆学研究由“学理性”向“技术性”范式的转换

图书馆学由"学理性范式"向"技术性范式"的转换,尤其是"技术性范式"对"学理性范式"几乎全面的取而代之,给图书馆学的存在与发展带来了一定的危机。在这种情况下我们应该如何从哲学的意义和角度来看待图书馆学的范式转换?由此出发,我们该如何认识与理解图书馆和图书馆学自身的状况?而且对图书馆学的认识与理解的一元论和多元论到底是怎么样的?文章主要论述4个问题:"学理性"一直是图书馆学最主要的研究范式之一、"技术性"范式不可阻挡的席卷而来;但仍留有空间有待补充、在"技术性"范式中如何"学理性"范式的理解;图书馆学究竟是什么以及理性多元论的图书馆学;图书馆学做什么和图书馆学怎么做。     

Demand-pull, technology-push, and government-led incentives for non-incremental technical change

Rising expectations about future demand for new technologies increase the incentives for investments in innovation by enlarging payoffs to successful innovations. How well does this notion of “demand-pull” apply to non-incremental technological change when demand is largely attributable to actions by governments? In this case, inventors of the most important inventions did not respond positively to strong demand-pull policies; filing of highly cited patents declined precipitously just as demand for wind power created a multi-billion dollar market. Three explanations for this apparent inconsistency with the demand-pull hypothesis played a role: (1) the rapid convergence on a single dominant design limited the market opportunity for non-incremental technical improvements; (2) even though the policies implemented were stringent enough to stimulate demand, uncertainty in their longevity dampened the incentives for inventions that were likely to take several years to pay off; and (3) alternative explanations, such as declining R&D funding and weakening presidential engagement on energy, appear to have been important.     

Largest optical telescope helps peer into the universe

How has the universe been formed and evolved？ What about the Milky Way consisting of hundreds of billions of stars？ These questions have kept people wondering in the history of human civilization.     

“TimeFairy” Magic Scores

What is time? How istime measured? Whatare atomic time andcoordnated time? Where doesstandard time come from? Now youcan find the answers to such ques-tions at the time website (http://www.time.ac.cn) set up by theCAS National Time Service Center(NTSC).Using this science popular-ization platform, visitors can learnabout time-related science rang-ing from the concept of time todemonstrations of clock brands.With just a click, they can learnabout the historical developmentof the time scale…     

试论科技工作者与科学精神

科学精神对科技工作者是至关重要的,那么,什么是科学精神？它对科技工作者有什么样的作用？怎样才能弘扬科学精神？本文从科技工作者的角度,对此进行了阐述。