Whole genome amplification in preimplantation genetic diagnosis

Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) refers to a procedure for genetically analyzing embryos prior to implantation, improving the chance of conception for patients at high risk of transmitting specific inherited disorders. This method has been widely used for a large number of genetic disorders since the first successful application in the early 1990s. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) are the two main methods in PGD, but there are some inevitable shortcomings limiting the scope of genetic diagnosis. Fortunately, different whole genome amplification (WGA) techniques have been developed to overcome these problems. Sufficient DNA can be amplified and multiple tasks which need abundant DNA can be performed. Moreover, WGA products can be analyzed as a template for multi-loci and multi-gene during the subsequent DNA analysis. In this review, we will focus on the currently available WGA techniques and their applications, as well as the new technical trends from WGA products.     

人类的线粒体疾病

针对人类的线粒体疾病,阐述人类线粒体mtDNA的结构特点、线粒体疾病的定义及其遗传学特点;线粒体疾病的病因和发病几率以及常见的人类线粒体疾病;介绍了现已掌握的线粒体疾病的治疗方法,展望了线粒体疾病的未来研究方向。     

植物线粒体提取的一种简捷方法

本文介绍了一种利用普通试剂及仪器设备提取高质量植物线粒体的简单快捷方法,与其它方法相比较,它具有简单、快捷、高效、不需要密度梯度离心等特点,得到的线粒体纯度较高,活体线粒体比例高,基本满足进行线粒体分子生物学研究的要求.     

Genotypic differences in callus induction and plant regeneration from mature embryos of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)

An efficient induction system and regeneration protocol based on mature barley embryos were developed. Embryos isolated from mature seeds, dehusked by hand and inoculated with longitudinally bisected sections, showed low contamination and high primary callus-forming capability. The influences of nine culture media on primary callus induction and germination from the mature embryos of barley cultivars Golden Promise and Zaoshu 3 were analyzed. The results showed that the two cultivars had much higher values of primary callus induction in the B16M6D medium as compared to the other eight medium formulations, with a frequency of 74.3% and 78.4% for Golden Promise and Zaoshu 3, respectively. Furthermore, Zaoshu 3 demonstrated particularly high stability in callus induction over the different media, indicating its potential utilization in callus induction and regeneration for its good agronomic traits and wide adaption. There were significant differences amongst 11 barley genotypes in terms of primary callus induction in the optimum medium, with percentages of callus induction and germination response ranging from 17.9% to 78.4% and 2.8% to 47.4%, respectively. Green plantlets of Dong 17, Golden Promise, and Zaoshu 3 were successfully developed from primary calli through embryogenesis, with green plant differentiation frequencies ranging from 9.7% to 21.0% across genotypes.     

复合物理生物技术刺激观赏鱼早期胚胎的初步研究

利用复合物理生物新技术对观赏鱼早期胚胎进行刺激，可大幅度提高观赏鱼的出苗率、成活率和后期的生长速率；并对物理生物作用的机理进行了探索。     

Qualitative and quantitative analysis of goat ovaries,follicles and oocytes in view of in vitro production of embryos

Goat ovaries were collected from the slaughterhouse and categorized as right, left, corpus luteum （CL）-present and -absent group and evaluated on the basis of weight （g）, length （cm）, width （cm）, number of follicles, follicles aspirated and number and state ofcumulus-oocyte-complexes （COCs）. Comparatively higher weight [（0.66±0.02） vs （0.64±0.02） g], length [（1.17±0.02） vs （1.1 ±0.02） cm] and width [（0.77±0.02） vs （0.74±0.02） cm] were found in right ovaries than those of left. On the other hand significantly （P〈0.05） higher weight [（0.71±0.03） vs （0.64±0.01） g] and width [（0.76±0.03） vs （0.75±0.01） cm] were found in CL-present group than those of CL-absent group of ovaries. The left ovaries contained comparatively higher number of normal COCs [（1.06±0.09） per ovary] than fight ovaries [（1.03±0.10） per ovary] and the similar trend was found in total number of follicles [（4.51±0.25） vs （4.30±0.23） per ovary] and follicles aspirated [（2.55±0.14） vs （2.52±0.12） per ovary]. But the total COCs per ovary was almost similar in both ovaries [right and left： （1.85±0.12） and （1.85±0.11） per ovary, respectively]. Higher number of total COCs [（1.87±0.09） vs （1.76±0.16） per ovary], total number of follicles [（4.45±0.19） vs （4.16±0.37） per ovary], follicles aspirated [（2.55±0.10） vs （2.48±0.21） per ovary] and normal COCs [（1.12±0.07） vs （0.76±0.14） per ovary] were found in CL-absent group than those of CL-present group of ovaries.     

二元关系胚的性质及二元关系的胚分解

对于非空集合上的二元关系引入了关系的自反胚,反自反胚,对称胚,反对称胚,等价胚和偏序胚。并讨论了它们的基本性质。而且得到了关系的三个唯一的基本胚分解式。     

牛胚胎移植技术的发展概况、研究进展及前景展望

胚胎移植技术是现代畜牧业中继人工授精技术之后的又一次巨大飞跃，业已成为一项充分发挥优良母畜繁殖潜力的实用新技术，已广泛应用于牛的繁殖科研与生产．胚胎移植的关键技术包括供体的超数排卵处理、胚胎的冷冻保存等．近年来诱导双犊、体细胞核移植等新型方法手段的出现，进一步促进了牛胚胎移植的发展，作为一项现代养牛业中重要技术，牛胚胎移植意义重大，发展前景广阔。     

线粒体基因突变糖尿病的临床研究进展

线粒体基因突变糖尿病的发现是近年来糖尿病分子遗传学研究的重要进展之一,也是近年来糖尿病研究的一大热点。线粒体tRNA^leu（uuR）A3243G突变导致胰岛B细胞功能缺陷,进而导致线粒体糖尿病的发生。WHO已将此型糖尿病归类为特殊类型糖尿病。综述此型糖尿病的临床表现及其分子诊断学方法和临床研究进展。     

Short Review： Mitochondrion and its related disorders： Making a comeback

The great majority of genetic disorders are caused by defects in the nuclear genome. However, some significant diseases are the result of mitochondrial mutations. Because of the unique features of the mitochondria, these diseases display characteristic modes of inheritance and a large degree ofphenotypic variability. Recent studies have suggested that mitochondrial dysfunction plays a central role in a wide range of age-related disorders and various forms of cancer.     

无孢子生殖胚囊助细胞的研究

为了解无孢子生殖胚囊助细胞的特点,用透射电子显微镜对无孢子生殖植物非洲狼尾草无融合生殖胚囊的助细胞进行了研究.结果表明,助细胞壁产生无数突起,伸入细胞质形成巨形丝状器,呈圆锥形,细胞质深入丝状器内部,这一结构对引入花粉管有利;细胞含在量线粒体、高尔基体、核糖体等细胞器,以丝状器周围最为丰富,显示出旺盛的代谢活动;具有丰富的贮藏物质,先是以淀粉形式积累,然后淀粉转化为脂类物质,以脂滴形式存在,细胞解体后供卵和中央细胞利用.无孢子生殖胚囊肋细胞的结构特点与有性生殖胚囊助细胞一致,其存在为花粉管进入胚囊提供通道,并为胚囊其它成员发育提供营养.     

药用植物体细胞胚发生的研究进展

体细胞胚发生是指体细胞在特定条件下未经性细胞融合而发育成胚状体的形态发生过程。药用植物体细胞胚发生的来源有 5条途径 ,其中以愈伤组织为最常见。近 2 0多年来研究者已通过体细胞胚发生获得了多种药用植物的再生植株 ,目前已初步进入商品化阶段     

关于二元函数求积问题的讨论

指出了某些习题解答中对某二元函数求积问题解答的错误,讨论了复连通区域上积分与路径无关的问题。     

不同品种小麦未成熟胚愈伤组织诱导的研究

以衡水地区小麦品种为材料进行组织培养研究．结果表明：培养基和基因型均影响未成熟胚愈伤组织诱导．在M2培养基上平均诱导率最高．高浓度的2,4-D不利于胚性愈伤组织的形成．邯麦6172和石麦14在2,4-D浓度为2mg／L的培养基上诱导效果最好,良星99在2,4-D浓度为1mg／L的培养基上诱导效果最好．邯麦6172最适于组织培养．     

关于亚调和函数及其性质的注释

讨论一类亚调和函数及其性质,得到某些有趣的结果。     

贡柑体胚发生和成苗的研究

以附加1-4ppm赤霉素,和40mM KNO_3、30mM NH_4Cl(或30mM NH_4NO_3)的氮盐的MT基本培养基,从贡柑珠心胚子叶的胚性愈伤组织,誘导产生正常体胚。当愈伤组织的接种量在25～35mg/50ml,每4～5天换液1次,能有效地减少抑制物质的积累,提高正常体胚的频率。将刚形成的子叶胚及时转移至含硫酸腺嘌昤10ppm的MT培养液,能有效地提高双子叶胚的频率。将双子叶胚转移到含1ppm GA_3、0.5ppm NAA、0.25ppm IBA,3％蔗糖的固体培养基,成苗转换率可达60％以上。     

植物胚胎发育过程中基因表达调控的研究进展

植物胚胎的发育是一具有次序的、选择性的基因表达过程。本从胚胎的极性建立、形态建成、分生组织形式、胚体发育等方面，对基因表达调控的研究进展作了一些简要介绍。     

柑桔体细胞胚的发生及其发育过程中淀粉粒动态研究

将柑桔幼胚分离接种于MS固体诱导培养基上诱导体细胞胚发生,组织切片观察结果表明:柑桔体细胞胚起源于单个胚性细胞.在体细胞胚的发生发育过程中,淀粉粒出现两次积累高峰,与体细胞胚的发生发育有一定的消长关系.     

Influence of green tea polyphenols on mitochondrial permeabi lity transition pore and Ca2+ transport

The authors investigated the influence of green tea polyphenols (GTPs) on the liver mitochondria permeability transition pore (PTP) opening through mit ochondria swelling and change of mitochondria membrane potential. The data showe d that GTPs had obvious protective effect on the Ca2+-induced PTP opening in a d ose-dependent manner detected by mitochondria swelling. The results were obtain ed by measuring the change of mitochondria membrane potential through Rh 123. Further experiments were conducted to examine the detailed influence of GTP s on Ca2+import and export of mitochondria. The results showed that GTPs h ad rem arkably inhibitory effect on the Ca2+-induced Ca2+ import in mitoch ondria; and t hat they could accelerate Ca2+-release from mitochondria. Our data provid e an al ternate interpretation of the potent protective function of GTPs on cell against apoptosis.     

红掌“亚丽桑娜”体细胞胚胎发生的探研

以红掌亚丽桑娜的新生嫩叶为外植体诱导红掌体细胞胚胎发生,试验结果表明：幼叶胚性愈伤组织诱导较适宜的培养基为MS＋2.4-D0.5 mg/L＋6-BA0.05 mg/L;胚状体诱导较适宜的培养基为MS＋6-BA0.5 mg/L;胚状体成苗培养基为MS＋NAA0.2 mg/L.