Hydrodynamics and oxygen transfer in a novel extra-loop fluidized bed bioreactor

In this paper, the characteristics of fluid mixing time in a novel extra-loop fluidized bed were studied. The results showed that the mixing time was shortened with the increase of fluid velocity. All the discrete numbers of the reactor were above 0.2. The serial number n was 2.5 -3.0. It was judged accordingly that the reactor fluid state was continous stirred tank reactor （CSTR） mainly. When the inspiratory capacity increased the mixing time of the reactor was shortened. Thus the air input was beneficial for the fluid mixing. During the three phases mixing process, the mixing time of the reactor could be decreased by the n increase of carrier and air loading together, but the change was not significant. The parameters affecting the reactor fluid state were fluid velocity, inspiratory capacity and carrier. KLa could be increased with the air loading increase, and at the same gas/liquid ratio when the pressure drop was high, KL~ value was increased. The amount of carrier complex influence on KLa. As the carrier loading continued to increase, its value had been dropped but the changes was not significant, and optimization condition was found at above 800 1 000 g carrier loading （pouzzolane） or 600 g PVC. Under gas/liquid ratio of 0.8% -5.2%, KLa was （0.62-1.37）×10^-2· s^-1.     

CANON process for nitrogen removal from effluents of municipal sewage treatment plants

The feasibility and performance of nitrogen removal from municipal sewage were investigated through the completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) process in a continuous reactor. CANON process was successfully started up with the transformation of nitrogen into gas by mass-balance analysis. For the synthetic waste-water (up to 480 mg NH4+-N/(L·d)), removal rates of the ammonia nitrogen and total nitrogen (TN) were about 80% and 55%, respectively, at 1.25 h hydraulic retention time (HRT). For the secondary effluent of municipal sewage, the effluent concentrations of NH4+-N and TN were below 5 mg/L and 9 mg/L, respectively. It is in accordance with the water quality standard for scenic environment with the reuse of urban recycling water (GB/T 18921-2002).     

复合生物反应器污水除臭技术研究

讨论了复合生物反应器(HBR)对城市污水中臭味以及COD_(cr)、NH_3-N和TP等的去除性能。结果表明,在水力停留时间3.5 h,进水臭阈值平均为50.6时,臭味平均去除率为75.9%,出水臭阈值达到恶臭污染物排放二级标准(GB14554-93)。HBR工艺对CODcr、NH_3-N、TP等亦具有良好的去除和抗冲击负荷性能。污水臭味去除专性菌主要为好氧革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌属。     

啤酒厂厌氧池(UASB)的调节与恢复

针对某啤酒厂污水处理过程中使用的升流式厌氧池(UASB)进行了调节与恢复,通过监测厌氧池的pH与COD等数据找出UASB反应器处理效果差的原因,然后对三相分离器、布水管等进行调整,并二次启动厌氧池,恢复了UASB反应器的处理功能.     

IC多功能污水厌氧实验装置的研制

研制了一种用于生活污水或有机工业废水厌氧处理研究的多功能实验装置，该装置可作为IC反应器和UASB反应器分别用于研究在一定的处理效果下的工艺参数的确定、运行参数的确定、颗粒污泥特性研究、三相分离器性能研究、环形布水器性能研究、沼气产率分析等，为学生掌握厌氧污水处理技术提供了坚实的实验基础。     

Characteristics of integrated biological aerated filter in municipal wastewater treatment

In this paper, the characteristics of integrated biological aerated filter （IBAF） applied to municipal wastewater treatment were studied in a pilot scale experiment. The experimental results showed that IBAF has high efficiencies in removing organic pollutants, such as CODCr and SS, in municipal wastewater. The removal rates of CODCr and SS can reach over 90% and 80%, respectively, when COD and SS in the influent are 234 mg L^-1 and 112 mg L^-1, hydraulic retention time （HRT） is 8 h, and the aerated intensity is in the range of （0.5 to 0.6） L m^-2 s^-1.     

侧沟式一体化OCO反应器水力过程建模研究

对侧沟式一体化OCO装置的水力过程进行了建模、拟合、校正,采用理想函数E（t）模型确定了装置的全混流比。研究结果表明：反应器在整体上趋于全混合式,全混流的比例为87.5%。     

福州市区生活污水排放现状调查与解决对策初探

福州市市区生活污水占总污水量的70．5％，是福州市地表水污染的重要来源。文章通过具体调查，分析了福州市生活污水的组成和污染因子的含量及生活污水的排放量，并根据实际情况，提出了如何合理利用福州市生活污水的方法，以达到生活污水资源化、减量化的目的。     

Pyrolysis Characteristics and Kinetics of Municipal Solid Waste

Based on a systemic survey, the pyrolysis characteristics and apparent kinetics of the municipal solid waste （ MSW） under different conditions were researched using a special pyrolysis reactor, which could overcome the disadvantage of thermo-gravimetric analyzer. The thermal decomposition behaviour of MSW was investigated using thermo-gravimetric （ TG ） analysis at rates of 4.8,6.6,8.4, 12.0 and 13. 2 K/min. The pyrolysis characteristics of MSW were also studied in different function districts. The pyrolysis of MSW is a complex reaction process and three main stages are found according to the results. The first stage represents the degradation of cellulose and hemicellulose, with the maximum degradation rate occuring at 150℃ -200 ℃： the second stage represents dehydrochlorination and depolymerization of intermediate products and the differential thermogravimetric （ DTG ） curves have shoulder peaks at about 300℃： the third stage is the decomposition of the residual big molecular organic substance and lignin at 400 ℃- 600 ℃. Within the range of given experimental conditions, the results of non-linear fitting algorithm and experiment are in agreement with each other and the correlation coefficients are over0. 99. The kinetic characteristics are concerned with the material component and heating rate. The activation energy of reaction decreases with the increase of heating rate.     

7-lump kinetic model for residual oil catalytic cracking

INTRODUCTION Residua catalytic cracking (RCC) is a process in which crude oil fractions are cracked into more valuable lighter products in a riser reactor with flu- idized catalyst. The complexity of charge stocks make it extremely infeasible to characterize and de- scribe at a molecular level, so attempts have been made to lump large numbers of chemical compounds into a kinetic species to describe the complex reac- tions in the process (Wei and Kuo, 1969; Kuo and Wei, 1969). Some early…     

膜生物技术实现小区生活污水资源化的探讨

介绍了膜生物反应器的结构及在中水处理应用中的特点，论述了膜生物技术实现生活污水资源化的可行性。     

人工湿地系统降低城市生活污水COD的效果研究

武夷山市人工湿地系统采用水解酸化+接触氧化+垂直流人工湿地处理工艺处理城市生活污水,经过5年多的运行,结果表明系统对COD的净化效果好。近17个月的监测数据显示,COD的去除率超过92%,系统出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准。此外,人工湿地系统处理城市生活污水的耗能低(平均的耗电量为0.14 kWh/m3),节省日常的运行费用。     

UNITANK池在城市污水处理厂中的应用

UNITANK技术先进,处理工艺选择性强,技术经济合理,易于管理,适合我国中小城市污水的治理的方向。因此成为环保工作者的研究的一个重点。本文介绍了UNITANK池的构造和处理城市生活污水的优点,同时介绍了邢台市污水处理厂中UNITANK池实际的运行状况和现存在的问题。     

ATP content and biomass activity in sequential anaerobic/aerobic reactors

INTRODUCTION limiting conditions, obligatory aerobic and an- aerobic bacteria will survive in a mixed culture Sequential anaerobic/aerobic wastewater treat- (Gerritse et al., 1992). Little is know about thement has received increasing attention for effective change in the activity of anaerobic bacteria whennutrient removal, enhanced de…     

大连大学生活污水生物脱氮的实验研究

采用改进的生物接触氧化法对大连大学生活污水进行生物脱氮研究.该工艺结合内回流和生物膜的特点,实现了同步硝化反硝化作用,提高了反应器对各种水质水量的适应性.实验结果表明,改进后的生物接触氧化反应器在不影响去除有机物的情况下,对总氮的去除率提高了约14.7%,对氨氮的去除率提高了25.7%以上,并且不用外加碳源进行反硝化,也不用加碱进行硝化.     

ATP content and biomass activity in sequential anaerobic/aerobic reactors

Specific ATP content of volatile solids was measured to characterize the sludge activity in a sequential anaerobic/aerobic wastewater treatment system, with an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor and a three-phase aerobic fluidized bed (AFB) reactor. The wastewater COD level was 2000(3000 mg/L in simulation of real textile wastewater. The ATP content and the specific ATP contents of volatile solids at different heights of the UASB reactor and those of the suspended and immobilized biomass in the AFB reactor were measured. In the UASB reactor, the maximum value of specific ATP (0.85 mg ATP/g VS) was obtained at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) 7.14 h in the blanket solution. In the AFB reactor, the specific ATP content of suspended biomass was higher than that of immobilized biomass and increased with hydraulic retention time reaching a maximum value of 1.6 mg ATP/g VS at hydraulic retention time 4.35 h. The ATP content of anaerobes in the UASB effluent declined rapidly under aerobic conditions following a 2nd-order kinetic model.     

Investigation and evaluation of ultrasound reactor for reduction of fungi from sewage

The objective of the investigation was to study the application of ultrasound reactor technology （USRT） as a disinfectant for reduction of fungi from sewage effluent. Fungi are carbon heterotrophs that require preformed organic compounds as carbon sources. USRT is an attractive means to improve water quality because of the system simplicity and no production of toxic by-products. An ultrasound reactor produces strong cavitation in aqueous solution causing shock waves and reactive free radicals by the violent collapse of the cavitation bubble. These effects should contribute to the physical disruption of microbial structures and inactivation of organisms. There was significant reduction in fungal growth, with decreased fungal growth with increasing USRT. In this study, ultrasound irradiation at a frequency of 42 kHz was used to expose suspensions of fungi to evaluate the disinfection efficacy of the ultrasound reactor. Also, this study showed that in this system more than 99% reduction of sewage fungi was achieved after 60 min.     

Treatment performance of integrated biological aerated filter by orthogonal experiments

Biological aerated filters have many advantages such as small volume and high treatment efficiency. This research focused on sewage treatment performance of integrated biological aerated filter (IBAF) under different conditions such as aeration, hydraulic retention time and the height of fillers layer, to identify the turn of marked affecting factor of removal performance through orthogonal experiments, optimize the function parameter of IBAF, reveal the regularity of sewage treatment of IBAF under different conditions, and adopt suitable measures to guarantee excess water quality of IBAF.     

水力停留时间对生物接触氧化法处理医院污水效果的影响

文章介绍了生物接触氧化法在国内外的研究现状,阐述了生物接触氧化法处理效果的影响因素,展望了生物接触氧化法研究和发展的方向．文中以高县县医院污水为例,选择水力停留时间这一项至关重要的参数进行试验．通过改变水力停留时间测试最终处理水质与水力停留时间的关系．结果表明：CODcr及BOD5的去除率随水力停留时间的延长而逐渐增大．当水力停留时间大于4h,出水CODcr及BOD5均达到《医疗机构水污染物排放标准》GB18466—2006的排放要求;验证了医院污水处理设备化的可行性．4h为本试验条件下最为经济的水力停留时间,为设备设计提供了可选参数．     

水力停留时间及曝气量对AmOn一体化反应器处理效果的影响研究

试验以实验室自配的污水模拟小城镇生活污水,基于悬挂填料AmOn一体化反应器,通过调节蠕动泵转速和气体流量计考察水力停留时间和曝气量对COD(Cr)、NH4+-N、TN、TP去除率的影响。试验结果显示,当HRT=14h时,各污染物去除率分别为89.15%、99.02%、48.59%、32.47%;当曝气量为600 L/h,为89.87%、99.74%、81.3%、35.04%。最终采用层次分析法,从污染物去除效率、处理效率、运行成本三个角度进行综合评价,得出水力停留时间14h、曝气量600L/h的工况为试验的最优工况。