The Social Dynamics of Aggressive and Disruptive Behavior in School: Implications for Behavior Consultation

The role of social dynamics in the establishment and maintenance of aggressive and disruptive behavior is reviewed and discussed in light of consultation. Three key areas are outlined: the contributions of social structures to interpersonal conflict, the relation between peer associations and problem behavior, and the relation between social positions and problem behavior. This article suggests that direct intervention efforts (e.g., social skills training, behavior management strategies, peer support strategies, grouping practices) can be augmented by information about ongoing social dynamics in the classroom and school. Specific ways that behavior consultants can use social dynamic information to support the direct intervention efforts of teachers and administrators are discussed.     

马克思的社会有机体理论及其对社会建设的启示意义

马克思的社会有机体理论是关于社会有机运行、全面发展的理论,是唯物史观的重要内容.社会是一个由多种要素组成的具有一定结构的复杂巨大的有机系统,其特征表现为整体性、层次性、人本性、拟人性、动态性.马克思的社会有机体理论具有重要的方法论意义,与系统科学相吻合,对认识当代社会建设机制、实践科学发展观具有重要的现实意义.社会建设遵循系统性、主体性、自组织、开放性原则.     

社会排斥对小学生亲社会行为的影响:自尊的调节与中介效应

以辽宁省2所小学的137名六年级儿童为被试,采用实验法探究儿童社会排斥对亲社会行为的影响以及自尊的调节与中介效应。结果发现:(1)社会接纳和不明确社会排斥能够提高儿童的亲社会行为,明确排斥降低儿童的亲社会行为;(2)特质自尊在儿童社会排斥对亲社会行为的影响关系中起调节作用,高特质自尊对其关系影响不显著,低特质自尊儿童的亲社会行为更容易受到排斥的影响;(3)在低特质自尊的儿童中,状态自尊在社会排斥对其亲社会行为的影响起中介作用。     

The Implications of Social Constructionism for Social Work Education

This paper discusses the basic tenets of social contructionism. Four implications of this perspective for social work education are described: social theory and the linguistic representation of knowledge, critical thinking, historical and cultural relativity, and morality and values.     

初中生社会性学习目标的表现及对教师动机激发的启示

采用团体访谈的形式对初中生的社会性学习目标进行调查,得出以下结论:(1)初中生在成就情境中,除了掌握目标和表现目标之外,还普遍存在社会性学习目标;(2)就社会性学习目标的表现而言,可归纳为社会连带目标、社会赞许目标、社会关系目标、社会贡献目标和社会地位目标五大类别;(3)社会性学习目标对学生的影响可能体现在学业成绩、情感体验、学习行为等方面;(4)不同类型社会性学习目标对个体而言的意义不同,对学生的影响也存在差异.研究结果为教师激发学生学习动机提供了全新的理论视角及教学启示.     

Social support: Implications for counselling

Drawing on contemporary theory and research related to social support, the author provides a rationale for incorporating work on social support into existing models of counselling. Some informal methods of assessing social support are described, and a number of implications for intervening in the client's psychosocial world are outlined.Plenary address to the XIIth International Round Table for the Advancement of Counselling, June 1986, Lund, Sweden.     

The Implications of Inclusive Schooling for School Libraries

School library provision for students with disabilities was evaluated in a four year study completed in 1999. The study focussed on the relationship between library and special education staff, and the effect this had on access to library services and the acquisition of information literacy by students with disabilities. Empirical data reflecting the current level of service provision in two Australian states was collected in a survey. This data was complemented by observations and interviews with special education and library staff and students in 15 case study schools. The research showed that as the number of students with disabilities enrolled in mainstream schools was increasing, school librarians had to be aware of the needs of these students, in order to provide them with adequate library services. Although examples of good practice were found, there is need for improvement in service delivery for these students. Much of this could be achieved by enhanced communication and cooperation between school librarians and special education teachers.     

高校毕业生就业过程中的“社会排挤”问题

以往对高校毕业生就业困难成因的分析,并没有揭示出全部事实。“社会排挤”理论可以为我们研究这一问题提供一个更为全面的分析视角。当前,高校毕业生在职业地位获得过程中,遭遇到体制内、体制外、从业经验、薪资水平、社会性别、先赋地位、社会舆论、自身相貌、荣誉符号等方面的排挤,这种排挤已造成了比较显见的后果,应从多方面着手加以消除。     

Researching assessment as social practice: Implications for research methodology

Recent educational journals on both sides of the Atlantic have seen a resurgence of debate about the nature of educational research. As a contribution to these debates, this paper draws on theoretical and methodological ‘thinking tools’ of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. Specifically, the paper explores what Jenkins [Jenkins, R. (2002). Pierre Bourdieu. London: Routledge and Falmer] refers to as Bourdieu's “reflexive epistemological pluralism” and its implications for research into higher education, with a particular focus on assessment as social practice. This particular theoretical and methodological understanding is used to critically reflect on a study conducted in 2005 on the impact of a policy on anonymous examination marking which was implemented at the University of Cape Town in 2004. The study collected both quantitative data of student examination performance pre- and post-policy implementation, as well as interviews with course conveners. The paper argues that when viewed interdependently the data offers insight into some of the “principles of vision and division” [Bourdieu, P. (1996). The state nobility: Elite schools in the field of power. Cambridge: Polity Press] at work in assessors’ judgment-making process. The assessors’ deliberations expose ideological tensions between the dual challenges of equity and excellence in the context of a historically white liberal university under transformation.     

日本中小学建设标准的经验及其对我国的启示

目前,中国的义务教育资源分布不均情况比较严重,突出表现为地区间、城乡间以及校际间办学条件差异巨大。日本义务教育均衡发展的有益经验给我们的启示是：稀缺的义务教育资源应得到公平而有效的分配,应该以全国统一的中小学建设标准作为我国基础教育均衡发展的切入点,以教育资源配置的均衡作为基础教育均衡发展的基础,以办学水平和教育质量的均衡作为基础教育均衡发展的内涵和追求的目标。     

The Social Side of School: Why Teachers Need Social Psychology

Teaching and learning are fundamentally social enterprises. In attempting to understand, explain, and predict social behavior, social psychologists have amassed scores of empirically grounded, fundamental principles. Yet, many such principles have yet to be applied to classrooms despite the social nature of these settings. This article illustrates how infusing novel concepts from social psychology into teachers’ repertoires holds untapped potential to improve their pedagogy, ability to motivate students, and capacity to enrich students’ understanding of subject matter. This article first examines three domains of social psychology—social cognition, influence/persuasion, and interpersonal relations—and illustrates how applications of principles from each domain could benefit classrooms. Next, two exemplars are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of past interventions that are rooted in social psychological principles. Finally, pathways through which teacher educators can introduce new social psychological concepts and applications to teachers are explored.     

国外中介性学校认证对我国教育评估的启示

教育的终身化和国际化是现代教育发展的两大趋势。这两个趋势都是围绕着提升学校质量、发展优质教育而进行的。从国际上看,学校认证是提升学校质量,促进学校发展的有效手段。所以,借鉴国外学校认证的经验改进我国的学校评估工作是一条有效的途径。一、学校认证的源起1.学校认证     

Integrating Accountability With Choice: Implications for School Governance

As school choice policies continue to gain momentum in the American system of public education, a push for increased accountability by different levels of government has occurred. In some instances, policymakers have begun to pair public-school choice and performance-based accountability mechanisms within the same initiative (e.g., the Florida A+ Plan). Theoretically, whereas school choice is supposed to release schools and their potential for innovation and improvement from bureaucratic control, prevailing forms of educational accountability have arisen from politically negotiated, bureaucratically administered standards for school success. The purpose of this article is to explore the consequences of integrated choice/accountability policies for the organization and governance of schooling on purely conceptual grounds. In so doing, it exposes what may be a fundamental tension.     

对社会排斥视阈下的高职学生就业问题的思考

当前高职学生就业过程中遭遇的社会排斥的主要原因是高职生社会网络缺乏,劳动市场歧视,社会观念偏颇等.对此,高职学校应实施明确社会定位、增进社会认同、打造人才培养特色、形成就业优势等策略.