Deaf Students and Higher Education in the United Kingdom

Abstract

In the United Kingdom, 233 higher education institutions were surveyed in 1988 and 1989 providing 166 returns. The survey sought information on equal opportunities policies, provision of technical support, the availability of support personnel and interpreters, funding arrangements, and the numbers of deaf students within higher education (HE). With a few notable exceptions, the returns showed a generally poor level of services available to deaf students, an ignorance of the required support needs and a low representation of deaf people within HE. The need for positive action seemed to be least recognized within teacher training colleges. The study also highlighted the absence of any monitoring of deaf or disabled students within HE. Several suggestions are made on how policies and practices in institutions could be changed to widen access to this group of students.     

高等教育中的公立与私立问题--以英国为例的研究

从撒切尔夫人开始,英国就进行了广泛私有化改革,但英国的高等教育仍然由政府部门主导。最近的15年间,英国高等教育的财政制度和学校体制发生了巨大的变革,市场机制在英国高等教育中扮演了越来越重要的角色。在高等教育的结构方面,由过去主要以研究型大学为主,发展为多种类型大学并存。在政府对高等教育的管制方式方面,政府通过质量保证局与研究评估局,加强了对大学的绩效管理。在经费方面,一方面加强了绩效拨款,另一方面强调学生分担教育成本。在大学管理方面,在加强政府监督的同时,也进一步扩大了大学的自主权。这表明私营部门在英国高等教育变革中所扮演的角色越来越重要。     

英国的高等土木工程教育概况

本文介绍了英国高等工程教育概况,主要包括高等土木工程教育的培养模式及课程设置及其特色,教学特点和实践要求,以及高等工程学校的资格认证制度,着重分析了英国高等工程教育课程设置和对实践的要求,并与中式高等工程教育相比较,可供我国高等工程教育的实施与改革参考。     

浅析英国高等学校教育质量保证体系

20世纪80年代,世界范围内高等教育领域的主题是提高效益,而20世纪90年代以来,质量逐渐成为高教界追求的目标。目前,各国关于高等教育的质量保证体系可谓多种多样,有的国家注重专业评估,有的注重学校评估,有的两者兼顾。本文以英国东伦敦大学(UniversityofEastLondon,以下简称UEL)为例,分析一下英国高等学校教育质量保证体系,以期为我国高校的教育质量保证提供一些参考。一、英国东伦敦大学(UEL)的办学理念1.UEL的使命陈述作为东伦敦地区的一个优秀文化中心,UEL给自己作出如下定位:在教育、培训、科研及咨询方面提供尽可能高的服务质量…     

英国高等教育问责制及其启示

问责制是政府部门及社会机构或个人监督公立高校的一项重要手段,它在英国当前高等教育中发挥着重要作用。本文从三个方面对其解析:一是英国高校的利益相关者及其利益诉求;二是问责为高校带来的积极和消极影响;三是为克服其消极影响,PA管理咨询公司提出有效问责的四个原则及其实施效果。最后本文探讨了英国问责制对我国高等教育的借鉴和启示。     

Changing Understandings of 'Public' and 'Private' in Higher Education: the United Kingdom Case

Where does higher education in the United Kingdom sit today in terms of the public–private distinction, and what does that distinction mean in the higher education context? This article considers these questions and related issues, noting how the particular example of the United Kingdom compares with other systems internationally. Following a historical exploration of the meaning of ‘public’, ‘private’ and other related terms, an examination is undertaken of their currency during the post‐war period in the UK higher education system. This is exemplified through an analysis of the two major British higher education reports of the last 50 years – the Robbins Report of 1963 and the Dearing Report of 1997. It is argued that the contemporary UK higher education system could be seen as suffering from the worst of both worlds, trapped between and suffering from the seemingly contrary pressures of privatisation and nationalisation.     

英国高等教育改革法述评

本文旨在透过对英国高等教育法的述评,观察英国政府强化“国家权力”所采取的措施,为中国高等教育在政府控制“松绑”的过程中,起到一些借鉴作用。     

《布朗报告》与英国高等教育持续发展

“确保未来的高等教育持续发展”的《布朗报告》就如何使英国高校得到可持续的经费投入、如何提高英国高等教育的教学质量、如何确保英国高等教育的公共利益等问题提出了改革建议.报告还对英国高等教育场域内各利益相关方——政府、高校、学生或家长、第三方教育监管机构的角色进行了重新界定.在此,着重介绍这项报告的背景、内容及影响,解析英国高等教育发展的趋势及策略.     

发展教育在英国

半个世纪以来,发展教育的理念日益进入英国教育的主流,其组织规模也不断扩大。但理论基础薄弱,概念界定不清,实际操作性差仍是其存在的棘手问题,向操作性强、可塑性强的学习理论的转型,是它的必然选择。     

Special Education in the United Kingdom

ALL CHILDREN of school age in the United Kingdom are the responsibility of the Education Authority and must be offered educational provision. About 1.3% of pupils attend special schools; other pupils with special educational needs receive support of various kinds in ordinary schools. The Education Act 1981 is the main legislative instrument concerned with special education: it defined special educational needs, established integration as a key principle guiding service provision and laid down detailed procedures for conducting assessments. Special educational provision is likely to be affected significantly by the general Education Act introduced in 1988 but the precise implications are not yet clear.     

Higher Education: The Experience of the United States

The United States has been well served by its higher education system that, historically, was the product of two philosophies: commitment to the discovery and furtherance of knowledge and fulfillment of the needs of the people. The interaction of these twin philosophies has been tempered by four movements: (i) public control of higher education institutions through boards of trustees; (ii) open admissions for high school graduates; (iii) the university in service to the community; and (iv) the increasing importance of federally funded research. Only in its ability to influence foreign policy formation has American higher education proven itself to be less effective than in the other areas.     

英国高等教育质量保障体系分析

英国高等教育质量保障体系以内部质量保障为主体,外部质量保障为主导,前者主要是高校的自律机制和自适机制,后者主要以高等教育质量保障署的＂学术规范体系＂为主线,从而形成了其独立自主、以制度促规范、互动而平衡的鲜明特征。给我国的启示有：建立起法制化、制度化运作的高等教育质量保障体系和专业化的高等教育质量评估体系;完善以＂内部＂为主体、＂外部＂为主导的体系构成;加强内外有效沟通和协调发展的运行体系。     

Approaches to Global Education in the United States, The United Kingdom and Japan

This paper analyses approaches to global education in the United States, the United Kingdom and Japan. The paper begins by looking at movements that preceded global education, such as education for international understanding, development education, multicultural education, and peace education. The rise and fall of these earlier movements is analysed in terms of the interplay between the international and domestic politics of particular countries. To identify the world views which underpinned these pedagogic forms, the author discusses various discontinuities between the period up to the 1990s and thereafter. It is suggested that fresh forms of global education are emerging in - and because of - the changed world of the late 20th and early 21st century.     

Extra-Curricular Activity and the Transition from Higher Education to Work: A Survey of Graduates in the United Kingdom

This paper focuses on the effects of extra‐curricular activity on graduates' transition from higher education to the labour market. The study is based on a survey of 119 graduates conducted in 2004 in the UK. The data gathered cover a large range of social and leisure activities that the graduates carried on while students at their universities. Several aspects of their transitional process from student to worker are also covered. Data were analysed by means of linear and logistic regression models. Results show that extra‐curricular activity has a significant influence on the transition process. First, extra‐curricular experience gives access to better occupational status but lengthens the period of unemployment preceding the first job. Second, as compared with the most frequently observed extra‐curricular behaviour, two profiles could be distinguished: the one better performing than average, and the other worse performing. Results suggest extra‐curricular strategies to better enable graduates' effective transition to work.     

Privatisation, Decentralisation and Education in the United Kingdom: The Role of the State

Since the early 1950s, the axis centralisation–decentralisation, especially as thematised in the work of Isaac Kandel, has represented a major focus of comparative studies in education. Kandel argued that issues relating to the internal conduct of the classroom (interna) should, so far as possible, be decentralised, while issues relating to administration, school structure and organisation of the educational system (externa) might safely be centralised. After 1988, successive governments in the United Kingdom have undertaken reforms which have placed more central control on the curriculum and even methods of teaching (interna), while school finance and administration (externa) have been devolved to the school level. The present essay argues that a simplistic approach to centralisation and decentralisation is not likely to be fruitful. Instead, we should acknowledge the role of the State in creating a permissive framework for educational systems. Local action can then be seen as part of a policy accommodating or resisting the implications of that framework.