Inclusion in Physical Education: Teacher Attitudes and Student Experiences. A Systematic Review

This is a systematic review article of 27 studies on what existing research tells us about the experience (or lack of experience) of inclusion in Physical Education (PE) among disabled students, which localised factors are promoting or hampering inclusion in PE and to what extent attitudes are decisive in these localised processes. Seventeen studies examined teachers’ attitudes and 10 studies examined students’ experiences. The analysis follows the guidelines recommended by Harden and colleagues for ‘view-studies’; systematic reviews based on both qualitative and quantitative studies. The main findings reveal that students with disabilities experience exclusion and a lack of belonging in PE, but in some of the most recent articles we find students with disabilities who ‘love PE’. PE teachers share the normative goal of inclusion but perceive it as impossible to achieve due to a lack of competence and a lack of resources, but mostly due to the presupposition of the constructed ‘normate’ PE student.     

Student Teacher Attitudes to Sex Role Stereotyping: some Australian data

The sex role attitudes of 461 teacher education students were measured on a 32‐item questionnaire. Chi‐square analyses produced significant effects for gender on 22 of the items, showing that the females were more egalitarian than the males. However, most of the students adopted an egalitarian stance on many, though not all, of the items. Responses to some items (women getting drunk and swearing, corporal punishment, boys doing heavy chores, and boys dressing up and playing with dolls) suggest that some traditional stereotypes may be particularly resistant to change. The data also suggest that students may adopt egalitarian attitudes out of self‐interest rather than as a matter of principle, and are more accepting of general principles of gender equity than of specific practices designed to achieve it. Finally, although there is some evidence of ambivalence among the students, particularly the males, it is more accurate to characterise these students as definite in their gender attitudes.     

Teacher Education Objectives: A Survey of Student Views

This article is a summary of the Survey of Teacher Education Objectives: The Views of Diploma in Education Students published as a monograph in 1982. A report of the previous study was published in 1981 and a summary of the report appeared in Vol. 4 No. 1 of this Journal.     

高校辅导员工作与大学生情感教育刍议

本文分析了当代大学生矛盾复杂的情感特征,并进一步探讨了高校辅导员对大学生进行情感教育的意义和有效途径。     

Teacher preparation: A collaborative model

Abstract

Criticism of education and teacher preparation persists. The “Teachers Educating and Motivating Students,” or TEAMS, model was developed to address this criticism. The TEAMS model has been structured using a Professional Development School (PDS) concept as the core component. The model is a competency‐based, structured block program featuring concurrent enrollment in groups of courses and a corresponding field component.

Evaluation of the TEAMS program is a continuing process. Completion of a “perceptions” survey and a workplace competencies instrument by students and mentors/administrators revealed that the TEAMS program is accomplishing intended goals. Furthermore, t tests revealed only one significant difference in perceived adequacy between students and mentors/administrators on the workplace competencies. The data also revealed an overall positive attitude toward the project and satisfaction regarding the achievement of workplace competencies.     

欧洲语言教师教育纲要述评与启示

《欧洲语言教师教育纲要》是关于21世纪欧盟国家外语教师(初任和在职)教育的一个纲领性文件。该文件主要涉及外语教师教育的构成和组织,外语教学的核心——对于教学的认知,外语教学策略和技能,以及语言教学过程中鼓励和倡导多种价值观四个方面。其出台不仅为欧洲语言教师教育提供了具体发展方向和依据,也能为我国外语教师教育政策制定提供重要借鉴。     

Teacher Education and European Community Policy

There is no policy of the European Community specifically labelled ‘teacher education’. However, policies which do exist at Community level have clear implications for teacher education. This can be seen from a study of the policy model developed within the Community; teacher education becomes a ‘dimension’ of policy in relation to objectives and as a sphere of action. The article illustrates these points and refers also to the currently ‘blocked’ policy dossiers of the Community.

Il n'existe aucune politique pour la formation des enseignants dans la Communauté Européenne. Cependant, les politiques qui existent dans le cadre de la Communauté ont une certaine portée sur la formation des enseignants. Ceci ressort d'une étude sur le modèle politique qui a été développée à l'intérieur de la Communauté; dans cette perspective, la formation des enseignants devient une dimension de la politique par rapport aux objectifs de cette politique et en tant que domaine d'action. L'article illustre ces point et fait aussi référence aux dossiers de politique actuellement ‘bloqués’ de la Communauté.     

Student Authoritarianism and Teacher Authoritarianism as Factors in the Determination of Student Performance and Attitudes

Recent investigations designed to elucidate the teacher behaviors which are facilitative of positive student attitudes and increased student performance have presented inconsistent results. It is hypothesized that the inconsistency between studies may be due to an interaction between teacher characteristics and student characteristics in the determination of the dependent variables involved. To test this hypothesis, teachers and students in a West Coast high school were administered a revised version of the California F-Scale (a measure of authoritarianism). High- and Low-F groups of both teachers and students were selected, and students’ grades and attitudes toward their teachers were observed. It was found that High-F students exposed to Low-F teachers showed particularly low attitudes toward their teachers and particularly low grades. Data for other combinations of student and teacher characteristics were essentially equivalent.     

Student and Teacher Perspectives in Computer-Mediated Learning Environments in Teacher Education

Rapid advances in technology, particularly with the Internet, have led to the availability of numerous tools to support teaching and learning. This study involved the use of an Internet application, Connecting Communities of Learners (CCL), in courses for prospective teachers. Unlike earlier studies involving the use of the CCL, the context of this study related to full-time graduate students who used the CCL to augment weekly face-to-face instruction. An interpretive study was undertaken to ascertain student and teacher perceptions of the learning environments associated with the use of the CCL. Through the use of the CCL, students were able to be autonomous in regard to their own learning, co-participate with their peers and the instructor, and establish and maintain a community of learners in which participants could interact with others as co-teachers and co-learners. The CCL was perceived as a useful tool for building learning environments in which all participants can contribute written texts as evidence of what is known and as objects from which others can learn. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Student teachers’ collaborative research: Small-scale research projects during teacher education

Teacher research is increasingly described as an important aspect of professional development. In response, teacher education programs incorporate teacher research in their curricula. We report on the collaborative research processes of two groups of student teachers in a university teacher education program, focussing on elaboration and decision making. In one group, group members had different preferences, which led to balancing elaboration and decision making. The other group, however, did not engage in these processes in a conscious way, leading to an arduous research process. We contend that a balanced approach, alternating elaboration and decision making, is desirable.     

Student Perceptions of Chemistry Laboratory Learning Environments, Student–Teacher Interactions and Attitudes in Secondary School Gifted Education Classes in Singapore

This study investigated the chemistry laboratory classroom environment, teacher–student interactions and student attitudes towards chemistry among 497 gifted and non-gifted secondary-school students in Singapore. The data were collected using the 35-item Chemistry Laboratory Environment Inventory (CLEI), the 48-item Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI) and the 30-item Questionnaire on Chemistry-Related Attitudes (QOCRA). Results supported the validity and reliability of the CLEI and QTI for this sample. Stream (gifted versus non-gifted) and gender differences were found in actual and preferred chemistry laboratory classroom environments and teacher–student interactions. Some statistically significant associations of modest magnitude were found between students' attitudes towards chemistry and both the laboratory classroom environment and the interpersonal behaviour of chemistry teachers. Suggestions for improving chemistry laboratory classroom environments and the teacher–student interactions for gifted students are provided.     

Experiential Groups in Counselor Education: Student Attitudes and Instructor Participation

Students in master's‐level courses in group work were surveyed regarding their attitudes toward the use of an experiential group activity as a component of their training, as well as the level of instructor involvement in these experiential groups. Students agreed that the experiential group was an effective and necessary teaching tool; however, a substantial minority indicated discomfort with the activity. Also, although the majority of instructors did not directly lead the experiential group, most either observed or received feedback on participation.     

Teacher response to collaborative consultation

Investigated teacher responses to a consultant's efforts to foster either a collaborative or an expert consultation relationship via a quasi-experimental study. Eight teachers were exposed to a collaborative approach, and seven to an expert. Teacher satisfaction with the consultation and the extent of their implementation of the recommendations were the dependent variables examined. Teachers exposed to the collaborative approach were significantly more satisfied (p <.05, Mann-Whitney U Test, one-tailed). There was no significant difference in the extent of recommendation implementation of the two groups of teachers, but a consultant approach-teacher experience interaction was suggested. The generalizability of these results and recommendations for design modification for further research are discussed.