力竭运动与线粒体通透性转运通道综述

线粒体通透性转运通道(PTP)是介导线粒体内外膜物质交换的蛋白复合体,直接影响线粒体和细胞的正常生理功能。通过详细地概述PTP的结构与功能、PTP的调节因子及其力竭运动下ROS、Ca2 和NO的变化对PTP开放的影响,以期阐明PTP的开放与运动性力竭之间的关系,由此可以采用通过延缓或减轻PTP开放的方法,来延缓机体的运动性疲劳,增强机体的运动能力。     

螺旋藻对力竭小鼠抗疲劳作用的研究

运动员在大运动量训练过程中经常会发生运动性疲劳而影响运动水平的发挥.机体内自由基代谢的异常是运动性疲劳发生的一个重要因素.大强度或长时间运动导致体内自由基生成增多,自由基与生物膜上的不饱和脂肪酸反应而使之发生过氧化,产生过量的丙二醛,从而导致生物膜通透性增加而破坏,进而引起肌肉工作能力下降,出现外周疲劳,最后导致机体能力下降而产生疲劳.     

运动性疲劳机制及特殊营养品补充的研究进展

运动性疲劳影响机体的运动能力.文章对近年来有关运动性疲劳产生的机制以及特殊营养品对快速消除运动性疲劳,加速机体恢复,提高人体运动能力的作用的研究进行了阐述.     

线粒体与运动性疲劳的研究进展

对长时间大强度运动性疲劳与线粒体结构、功能运动性改变的关系的研究进展进行了综述。     

力竭运动后大鼠骨骼肌不同肌纤维线粒体钙含量和肌浆网Ca^2＋-ATP酶活性变化

为探讨急性力竭运动后大鼠骨骼肌不同肌纤维内Ca^2 转运功能变化，测定了股四头肌红肌和白肌线粒体钙含量和肌浆网Ca^2 -ATP酶活性，结果红肌和白肌线粒体^2 含量增加，肌浆网Ca^2 -ATP酶活性降低，说明急性力竭运动后肌细胞内Ca^2 转动功能发生了改变，影响了肌肉收缩特性，从而导致了运动性疲劳的产生。     

游泳训练及益气补肾中药对睾酮合成的几种影响因素的作用和机理初探

许多研究证明,长时间高负荷的运动训练可导致机体产生多种病理或生理学变化,其中内分泌系统的紊乱,常常表现为运动性低血睾酮,是机体运动能力下降和疲劳消除延长的主要因素之一。如何迅速恢复体能和防治运动性低血睾酮的发生,越来越受到运动医学界的重视。对长时间大运动量训练和过度训练时引起的血睾酮下降的机制学者们有比较一致的看法,他们认为训练引起运动性低血睾酮的主要原因为下丘脑—垂体—性腺轴功能的多个环节被抑制。由于下丘脑—垂体对睾丸分泌睾酮的调节变化,最终是要通过睾丸组织内睾酮生化合成时反应底物的转运以及酶促反应…     

呼吸链电子传递: 线粒体氧化磷酸化偶联的重要限速步骤

线粒体氧化磷酸化解偶联和ＡＴＰ合成的降低可能是运动性疲劳的重要线粒体膜分子机制之一。作为这一进程的重要限速步骤,呼吸链电子传递可能与运动过程中线粒休氧化磷酸化解偶联密切相关。并由此提出“呼吸链电子传递可能是和长时间运动中线粒磷酸化的重要限速步骤”假说。     

略谈运动性疲劳的成因

运动性疲劳是由于机体本身所引起的,是由于肌肉活动达到一定程度,身体所表现出的必然现象。近年来,国内外学者对运动性疲劳产生的原因做了大量的研究。本文采用文献资料和面访等方法对国内外学者有关运动性疲劳产生机制的学说进行分析,旨在提高对运动性疲劳的认识,以便科学有效地指导运动训练。     

长时间运动导致低血睾酮的可能机制及其干预手段

许多研究证明,长时间高负荷的运动训练可导致机体产生多种病理或生理学变化,其中内分泌系统的紊乱,常常表现为运动性低血睾酮,是机体运动能力下降和疲劳消除延长的主要因素之一。如何迅速恢复体能和防治运动性低血睾酮的发生,越来越受到运动医学界的重视。     

运动与氨代谢关系的研究进展

运动中机体氨代谢增强。氨的主要来源：短时间高强度运动为骨骼肌的嘌呤核苷酸循环，长时间力竭性运动主要与骨骼肌大量摄取支链氨基酸有关。运动强度递增及长时间力竭运动，骨骼肌产氨增多。短时间力竭运动血氨与血乳酸的浓度呈正相关。运动性疲劳的产生亦与运动后高血氨水平密切相关。因此，血氨可以用作评定运动负荷的强度和量度、运动员机体的机能状态、疲劳程度及运动训练程度的有效指标。     

长时间力竭游泳对大鼠心肌线粒体膜和基质游离钙的影响

本实验以力竭游泳(300±50min)的大鼠为运动疲劳模型，观察了大鼠心肌线粒体的巯基(-SH)、还原型谷胱苷肽(GSH)、磷脂酶A     

Changes in respiratory muscle and lung function following marathon running in man

Respiratory muscle fatigue has been reported following short bouts of high-intensity exercise, and prolonged, moderate-intensity exercise, as evidenced by decrements in inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures. However, links to functionally relevant outcomes such as breathing effort have been lacking. The present study examined dyspnoea and leg fatigue during a treadmill marathon in nine experienced runners. Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure, peak inspiratory and expiratory flow, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in one second were assessed before, immediately after, and four and 24 hours after a marathon. During the run, leg effort was rated higher than respiratory effort from 18 through 42 km (P < 0.05). Immediately after the marathon, there were significant decreases in maximal inspiratory pressure and peak inspiratory flow (from 118 +/- 20 cm H(2)O and 6.3 +/- 1.4 litres x s(-1) to 100 +/- 22 cm H(2)O and 4.9 +/- 1.5 litres x s(-1) respectively; P < 0.01), while expiratory function remained unchanged. Leg maximum voluntary contraction force was significantly lower post-marathon. Breathing effort correlated significantly with leg fatigue (r = 0.69), but not inspiratory muscle fatigue. Our results confirm that prolonged moderate-intensity exercise induces inspiratory muscle fatigue. Furthermore, they suggest that the relative intensity of inspiratory muscle work during exercise makes some contribution to leg fatigue.     

艾灸对运动员运动时机体血清酶活性的影响

通过对运动员进行穴位施灸处理，并以服用西洋参组作为对照，观察定量运动时机体血清肌酸激酶(CK)活性的变化和血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性的变化。经过2个月的施灸处理，结果表明，艾灸可以明显降低运动员运动时机体血清肌酸激酶(CK)的活性，同时使SOD活性保持相对稳定。提示，灸法可以提高机体对运动的适应能力，减轻运动性疲劳。     

Nutritional strategies for promoting fat utilization and delaying the onset of fatigue during prolonged exercise

Carbohydrate ingestion before and during endurance exercise delays the onset of fatigue (reduced power output). Therefore, endurance athletes are recommended to ingest diets high in carbohydrate (70% of total energy) during competition and training. However, increasing the availability of plasma free fatty acids has been shown to slow the rate of muscle and liver glycogen depletion by promoting the utilization of fat. Ingested fat, in the form of long-chain (C 16-22 ) triacylglycerols, is largely unavailable during acute exercise, but medium-chain (C 8-10 ) triacylglycerols are rapidly absorbed and oxidized. We have shown that the ingestion of medium-chain triacylglycerols in combination with carbohydrate spares muscle carbohydrate stores during 2 h of submaximal (< 70% VO 2 peak) cycling exercise, and improves 40 km time-trial performance. These data suggest that by combining carbohydrate and medium-chain triacylglycerols as a pre-exercise supplement and as a nutritional supplement during exercise, fat oxidation will be enhanced, and endogenous carbohydrate will be spared. We have also examined the chronic metabolic adaptations and effects on substrate utilization and endurance performance when athletes ingest a diet that is high in fat (> 70% by energy). Dietary fat adaptation for a period of at least 2-4 weeks has resulted in a nearly two-fold increase in resistance to fatigue during prolonged, low- to moderate-intensity cycling (< 70% VO 2 peak). Moreover, preliminary studies suggest that mean cycling 20 km time-trial performance following prolonged submaximal exercise is enhanced by 80 s after dietary fat adaptation and 3 days of carbohydrate loading. Thus the relative contribution of fuel substrate to prolonged endurance activity may be modified by training, pre-exercise feeding, habitual diet, or by artificially altering the hormonal milieu or the availability of circulating fuels. The time course and dose-response of these effects on maximizing the oxidative contribution of fat for exercise metabolism and in exercise performance have not been systematically studied during moderate- to high-intensity exercise in humans.     

Changes in respiratory muscle and lung function following marathon running in man

Abstract

Respiratory muscle fatigue has been reported following short bouts of high-intensity exercise, and prolonged, moderate-intensity exercise, as evidenced by decrements in inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures. However, links to functionally relevant outcomes such as breathing effort have been lacking. The present study examined dyspnoea and leg fatigue during a treadmill marathon in nine experienced runners. Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure, peak inspiratory and expiratory flow, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in one second were assessed before, immediately after, and four and 24 hours after a marathon. During the run, leg effort was rated higher than respiratory effort from 18 through 42 km (P < 0.05). Immediately after the marathon, there were significant decreases in maximal inspiratory pressure and peak inspiratory flow (from 118 ± 20 cm H₂O and 6.3 ± 1.4 litres · s^?1 to 100 ± 22 cm H₂O and 4.9 ± 1.5 litres · s^?1 respectively; P < 0.01), while expiratory function remained unchanged. Leg maximum voluntary contraction force was significantly lower post-marathon. Breathing effort correlated significantly with leg fatigue (r = 0.69), but not inspiratory muscle fatigue. Our results confirm that prolonged moderate-intensity exercise induces inspiratory muscle fatigue. Furthermore, they suggest that the relative intensity of inspiratory muscle work during exercise makes some contribution to leg fatigue.     

高压氧与运动(综述)

综述已有的研究显示 :高压氧能调整和提高运动员的机能能力 ,促进运动后疲劳的消除 ,对运动性损伤也有很好的疗效。但过高氧分压和过长时间的高压氧治疗可能产生毒性作用 ,氧自由基导致的过氧化损伤是高压氧毒性作用的重要机理之一。     

运动性疲劳的中医分型与诊断研究

在查阅中医文献的基础上,以中医基础理论为指导,对169名国家及省级优秀运动员出现的运动性疲劳证候进行深入调查分析研究,总结出5种常见的运动性疲劳证候:筋肉疲劳酸痛证、运动性失眠证、运动性脾胃功能失调证、肾气不足证及月经失常证,并结合运动性疲劳证候的生理性特卢、,制订出诊断标准。作者认为运动性疲劳证与内伤虚劳病的发生密切相关,其本质主要与脾、肾根本机能变化或受损密切相关。     

The European College of Sports Sciences Position statement: The role of stretching exercises in sports

Abstract

Possible peripheral mechanisms of fatigue have been widely documented, including the depletion of muscle glycogen and the loss of body fluids. The notion that the brain may be intimately involved in the fatigue process is not a new one, but recently possible neurobiological mechanisms involved in this response have been investigated. Changes in central neurotransmission occur during exercise that may result in feelings of tiredness, lethargy, and a loss of motivation to continue exercise, contributing to the development of fatigue. There is evidence that manipulation of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline, through the administration of pharmacological agents, may delay the onset of fatigue during prolonged exercise, particularly when performing in a warm environment. Supplementation with branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine can influence perceived exertion and some measures of mental performance, but the results of several apparently well-controlled laboratory studies have not demonstrated a positive effect on exercise capacity under temperate conditions. The ergogenic effects of carbohydrate and caffeine are well documented, but often little attention is paid to the central effects of these nutrients. Carbohydrate ingestion has been demonstrated to alter brain activity and cerebral metabolism, factors that may be important in the development of fatigue and the maintenance of skill performance. There is strong evidence for a positive effect of caffeine on exercise performance, with recent data highlighting the role of central adenosine as a mediator of this response.     

机体论原理与运动性疲劳研究

随着在运动性疲劳研究亚细胞和分子层面突人，使研究人员对其发生、发展有了更进一步的认识。回顾近几年运动性疲劳研究动向，分析对比其中得失，论证了机体论原理作为生物学研究重要方法论在运动性疲劳领域仍然具有重要的理论和实践意义。