国际科学计量学研究代表人物的科学知识图谱——基于《Scientometrics》期刊的作者共被引网络分析

《Scientometrics》是国际科学计量学研究领域的第一本专门期刊。对该期刊文献的作者进行共被引网络分析,网络中关键节点人物代表了国际科学计量学研究领域的核心作者,代表了国际科学计量学研究的主流方向。利用信息可视化技术对2001-2010年间发表的文献数据进行分析,在作者共被引网络中形成了以Hirsch J.为代表的H指数相关研究团体,以Meyer M.,Narin F.等为代表的专利计量研究团体,以Price D.,White H.,Small H.等为代表的共被引分析和科学计量指标研究团体等为主体的研究结构。     

基于Citespace Ⅱ的信息可视化文献的量化分析

利用当前最著名的信息可视化分析软件Citespace Ⅱ对从SCI(Thomson.ISI)网络版(web of Science中的科学引文索引扩展版)中下载的1998--2009年间信息可视化研究文献做了详细的可视化分析,厘清了信息可视化研究的演进轨迹,揭示了研究热点,探讨了此项研究的国家与研究机构分布情况。     

国际人力资本研究的图谱可视化分析

依据科学计量学基本原理, 运用目前国际上流行的CiteSpace信息可视化分析软件对美国SSCI数据库中近十年来有关国际人力资本研究的数据资料进行了关键词共现、文献共被引及作者共被引等分析,探讨十年来国际人力资本研究领域的热点、最有影响力的文献及被引频次最多的作者等情况.     

学术期刊网络结构的文献计量及可视化分析

学术期刊的载文具有特定结构.文献计量方法和可视化技术为探索期刊的结构特征提供了有效的分析手段.以科学学领域权威期刊<科研管理>为例,对其1998～2006共9年内刊发的论文及引文进行了系统分类统计,从载文的地域分布、作者、关键词、文献引用等几方面进行剖析,利用文献计量方法并结合近来流行的可视化技术,对刊物全方位计量研究和评述,为管理学研究者、期刊编辑、学术评价机构等提供期刊载文的内在结构、影响力和学术热点等重要信息.     

国际电子商务信用领域研究力量分布统计分析

利用信息可视化分析软件CitespaceⅢ对从Web of Science中下载的1999—2013年间电子商务信用研究领域的文献题录数据进行了分析。从文献数量、文献作者、文献来源机构和国家的可视化分析角度展示了该研究领域的核心作者、机构及国家。     

基于文献计量分析的图书馆阅读推广分析

以中国知网CNKI所收录的图书馆阅读推广领域共计2108篇文献为研究对象,运用文献计量学相关理论与方法,对图书馆阅读推广领域文献增长规律、作者分布规律以及词频分布规律等进行了介绍,利用社会网络分析软件Ucinet与文献计量软件CiteSpace进行了可视化分析,绘制图谱,分析了该领域内的热点研究.     

国际数字图书馆领域研究热点及作者团体分析——基于共词分析和社会网络分析

利用Web of Science数据库,对国际数字图书馆领域文献进行收集,并利用SPSS20.0软件对文献关键词进行因子分析和聚类分析,探讨了数字图书馆虚拟技术研究、资源组织研究、资源建设研究、电子资源及版权研究和信息服务研究5大研究主题。同时借助社会网络分析方法,对研究主题和作者共现矩阵进行可视化,从而找到各个研究主题内的作者团体。     

知识隐藏行为研究综述

知识隐藏行为在组织中普遍存在,其对组织和个人绩效、创造力等都会产生一定的消极影响.采用科学计量学方法,利用Citespace信息可视化软件对知识隐藏行为相关文献进行梳理,分析国内外知识隐藏行为的研究主题,提出知识隐藏行为未来可能的研究方向.     

国内外云计算研究的可视化对比分析

利用CiteSpace可视化软件,对CNKI和ISI Web of Science数据库所收录的云计算研究文献进行统计和可视化对比分析,得出国内外云计算研究文献的关键词、机构合作、作者合作、国家(地区)合作的可视化知识图谱,揭示了云计算研究领域的研究现况,并为云计算研究人员的进一步深入研究提供参考与借鉴.     

能源技术领域研究的国家合作网络分析

在SSCI和SCI数据库中,检索1997-2006年间发表的以"energy technolog"为主题词的所有科学文献数据.利用CiteSpace信息可视化软件对检索的数据绘制文献作者的国家共现网络图谱.在共现网络的基础上,结合Coogle Earth应用软件绘制了共现国家的地域分布情况.根据共现网络中关键节点和相关聚类的文献信息,对共现网络图谱中的共现国家进行分析,研究国际能源技术的区域分布及其研究的前沿热点情况.     

Students' Reactions to the Introduction of Videoconferencing for Classroom Instruction

This study examined how students who had no prior experience with videoconferencing would react to the use of videoconferencing as an instructional medium. Students enrolled in seven different courses completed a questionnaire at the beginning of the semester and again at the end of the semester. Students at the origination and remote sites did not differ in their reactions toward videoconferencing but there was a significant difference for gender. Women reacted less favorably to videoconferencing. Compared to the beginning of the semester, students reported significantly less positive attitudes toward taking a course through videoconferencing at the end of the semester. There were no significant differences in students' attitudes toward videoconferencing across courses at the beginning of the semester but there were significant differences across the courses at the end of the semester. The results suggest the need for better preparation for both students and instructors.     

Cooler temperatures inductive to locust outbreaks

Ajoint study by Prof. ZHANG Zhibin from the CAS Institute of Zoology and his co-workers from Norway, US and Swiss have indicated that historical outbreaks of migratory locusts in China were associated with cold spells, suggesting that China＇s projected climate warming could decrease the pest＇s numbers. The study was published in Proceedings of theNational Academy of Sciences on 17 September, 2007.     

Exploring Multiplexity: Social Network Structures in a Computer-Supported Distance Learning Class

A computer-mediated group is a complex entity whose members exchange many types of information via multiple means of communication in pursuit of goals specific to their environment. Over time, they coordinate technical features of media with locally enacted use to achieve a viable working arrangement. To explore this complex interaction, a case study is presented of the social networks of interactions and media use among members of a class of computer-supported distance learners. Results show how group structures associated with project teams dominated who communicated with whom, about what, and via which media over the term, and how media came to occupy their own communication niches: Webboard for diffuse class-wide communication; Internet Relay Chat more to named others but still for general communication across the class; and e-mail primarily for intrateam communication. Face-to-face interaction, occurring only during a short on-campus session, appears to have had a catalytic effect on social and emotional exchanges. Results suggest the need to structure exchanges to balance class-wide sharing of ideas with subgroup interactions that facilitate project completion, and to provide media that support these two modes of interaction.     

The Role of Intermediating Institutions in the Diffusion of Electronic Data Interchange (EDI): How Industry Associations Intervened in Denmark, Finland, and Hong Kong

Electronic data interchange (EDI) provides means for interorganizational communication, creates network externalities, requires an advanced information technology (IT) infrastructure, and relies on standards. In the diffusion of such innovations, institutional involvement is imperative. Such institutions contain governmental agencies, national and global standardization organizations, local government, and nonprofit private organizations like industry associations. The last type of organizations we call intermediating institutions. They intermediate or coordinate ("inscribe") the activities of a group of would-be adopters. Unfortunately, little is known of how these organizations shape the EDI diffusion trajectory. In this article we examine one specific type of intermediating organizations?industry associations?and how they advanced the EDI diffusion process in the grocery sectors of Hong Kong, Denmark and Finland. We identify six institutional measures, placed into a matrix formed by the mode of involvement (influence vs. regulation) and the type of diffusion force (supply push vs. demand pull), that can be mobilized to further the EDI diffusion. Industry associations were found to be active users of all these measures to varying degrees. Their role was critical especially in knowledge building, knowledge deployment, and standard setting. Furthermore, institutional involvement varied due to policy and cultural contingencies and power dependencies.     

How Electronic Publishers are Protecting Against Piracy: Doubts About Technical Systems of Protection

The increasing prospects of digital piracy has prompted the perceived need by electronic publishers to adopt technical systems of protection, and governments to reform their copyright laws. This article is a preliminary study of the management of intellectual property by electronic publishers, defined as those involved in the production of online databases, and CD-ROMs. It focuses on three main issues: (1) how electronic publishers view the increasing threat of piracy; (2) the methods of protection employed to protect intellectual property in digital format; and (3) the importance of technological protection of intellectual property in electronic publications. The analysis is based on a sample of 23 UK electronic publishers. The interviews revealed an interesting assortment of protection methods and did not show that technological protection was a preferred way. Instead, the means of protection, in addition to copyright law, comprised niche markets, pricing, trust, bad publicity, and nontechnical and technical means.     

Rough Justice: A Statistical Assessment of ICANN's Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy

Long-standing conflict between domain name registrants and trademark holders prompted the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) to create a global, mandatory arbitration procedure known as the Uniform Dispute Resolution Policy (UDRP). The UDRP has been used in 2166 cases involving 3938 domain names as of 1 November 2000. The policy gives the initiator of a complaint, generally a trademark holder, the right to choose which ICANN-accredited dispute resolution service provider (RSP) will handle the case. During the preparation of the UDRP,some feared that complainant selection would lead to "forum shopping" that might bias the results. This article performs a statistical assessment of the forum-shopping thesis and finds support for it. There are statistically significant differences in the various RSPs' propensity to take away names from defendants; there are also major differences in the number of cases brought to each RSP. RSPs who take away names have the larger share of cases. The study examines other variables that might explain differences in market share, such as price, the plaintiff's nationality, or the time taken to decide a case. It finds that nationality and time also are correlated with market share. The study concludes that shopping for a favorable outcome is an important factor in the UDRP.     

Prevalence of soft neurological signs in Chinese people

Prof. Raymond C.K. Chen, a neuropsychologist with the CAS Institute of Psychology, has made novel progress in his studies of schizophrenia. His work has been reported by a recent issue of Behavioural Neurology.     

Our Own Devices: Heterotopic Communication, Discourse, and Culture in the Information Society 1

The main premise of this article is that in information societies generally, and in virtual social contexts particularly, a distinctive style of interaction to facilitate the communication of difference, heterotopic communication , has emerged. It rests on two cultural foundations: an ideological belief in the positive, socially integrating power of communication, and a prevailing ethic of instrumental rationality, subjective individualism, and strategically practiced self-interest. The former is demonstrated by the use of simulation and spectacle as sources of information; exhibitionism/voyeurism as a communicative style; and the awareness of surveillance. The latter is seen in the competitive use of knowledge as a commodity; a surface globalism masking deep parochialism; lateral as well as vertical information inequity; and the use of public versus private as strategies for engagement rather than as spaces. Those who engage in heterotopic communication resort to their 'own devices' both in the sense of personal agendas, strategies, interests, and interpretations, and in the form of the telecommunication tools that help realize them. These personal and technological devices allow individuals with the right educational and technical resources to avoid exposure to disagreement, difference, or other information that does not serve their direct purposes or reflect their particular views of the world; yet they also help convey the appearance of openness, availability, and cooperation. This style of interaction is used strategically in combination with information and communication technologies to gain social or economic advantages, but it may encourage social separatism and parochialism, inhibit the negotiation of disputes, and emphasize competing interests.     

Monoculture Rubber Plantations Have Negative Ef ects on Controlling Splash Erosion

<正>In Xishuangbanna,one of China’s most biodiverse regions,landscape has changed dramatically during the past three decades due to the conversion of tropical rainforest to rubber plantations.In steep areas,terraces are often constructed before planting rubber trees,which causes two important changes in the soil:the destabilization of soil in the bench terraces and the increased vulnerability of unvegetated riser faces to erosion.Few studies have documented the nature and intensity of erosion on bench terraces.Prof.LIU Wenjie and his colleagues from the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden(XTBG)conducted a study in Menglun County(21°5′39″N,101°15′55″E),Xishuangbanna to evaluate the influence     

Chinese Scientists Use Earth Observation Technologies to Study and Protect Wild Camels

<正>Chinese scientists plan to apply Earth Observation technologies to protect the critically endangered wild camels(Camelus ferus).With the help of remote sensing,satellite positioning,geographical information system and wireless sensors networks,they will be able to access the distribution and population of the wild camels and protect their habitats.The project will be carried out by the International Research Center for Wild Camel Conservation,which was jointly established earlier this year by the Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth(RADI)of the Chinese