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1.
Andrea Bonaccorsi 《Minerva》2008,46(3):285-315
The article addresses the issue of dynamics of science, in particular of new sciences born in twentieth century and developed
after the Second World War (information science, materials science, life science). The article develops the notion of search
regime as an abstract characterization of dynamic patterns, based on three dimensions: the rate of growth, the degree of internal
diversity of science and the associated dynamics (convergent vs. proliferating), and the nature of complementarity. The article
offers a conceptual discussion for the argument that new sciences follow a different pattern than established sciences and
presents preliminary evidence drawn from original data in particle physics, computer science and nanoscience.
相似文献
Andrea BonaccorsiEmail: |
2.
Geert J. Somsen 《Minerva》2008,46(3):361-379
That science is fundamentally universal has been proclaimed innumerable times. But the precise geographical meaning of this
universality has changed historically. This article examines conceptions of scientific internationalism from the Enlightenment
to the Cold War, and their varying relations to cosmopolitanism, nationalism, socialism, and ‘the West’. These views are confronted
with recent tendencies to cast science as a uniquely European product.
Geert Somsen is assistant professor in history of science. After a PhD in the history of chemistry, his current work focuses on socialist conceptions of science in the twentieth century and on scientific internationalism. With Harmke Kamminga, he edited Pursuing the Unity of Science: Scientific Practice and Ideology between the Great War and the Cold War (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, forthcoming). 相似文献
Geert J. SomsenEmail: |
Geert Somsen is assistant professor in history of science. After a PhD in the history of chemistry, his current work focuses on socialist conceptions of science in the twentieth century and on scientific internationalism. With Harmke Kamminga, he edited Pursuing the Unity of Science: Scientific Practice and Ideology between the Great War and the Cold War (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, forthcoming). 相似文献
3.
Funding agencies in Canada are attempting to break down the organizational boundaries between disciplines to promote interdisciplinary
research and foster the integration of the social sciences into the health research field. This paper explores the extent
to which biomedical and clinician scientists’ perceptions of social science research operate as a cultural boundary to the
inclusion of social scientists into this field. Results indicated that cultural boundaries may impede social scientists’ entry
into the health research field through three modalities: (1) biomedical and clinician scientists’ unfavourable and ambivalent
posture towards social science research; (2) their opposition to a resource increase for the social sciences; and (3) clinician
scientists procedural assessment criteria for social science. The paper also discusses the merits and limitations of Tom Gieryn’s
concept of boundary-work for studying social dynamics within the field of science.
相似文献
Brian D. HodgesEmail: |
4.
Using data on the ‘career’ paths of one thousand ‘leading scientists’ from 1450 to 1900, what is conventionally called the
‘rise of modern science’ is mapped as a changing geography of scientific practice in urban networks. Four distinctive networks
of scientific practice are identified. A primate network centred on Padua and central and northern Italy in the sixteenth
century expands across the Alps to become a polycentric network in the seventeenth century, which in turn dissipates into
a weak polycentric network in the eighteenth century. The nineteenth century marks a huge change of scale as a primate network
centred on Berlin and dominated by German-speaking universities. These geographies are interpreted as core-producing processes
in Wallerstein’s modern world-system; the rise of modern scientific practice is central to the development of structures of
knowledge that relate to, but do not mirror, material changes in the system.
相似文献
David M. EvansEmail: |
5.
This essay describes China’s participation in international science organizations during the past two decades. It argues that,
whilst progress has been made, serious problems remain. It concludes that increased attention to communication and exchange,
and the creation of a favourable international image in science and technology are important priorities for China.
相似文献
Ang XuEmail: |
6.
The president’s science advisor was formerly established in the days following the Soviet launch of Sputnik at the height
of the Cold War, creating an impression of scientists at the center of presidential power. However, since that time the role
of the science advisor has been far more prosaic, with a role that might be more aptly described as a coordinator of budgets
and programs, and thus more closely related to the functions of the Office of Management and Budget than the development of
presidential policy. This role dramatically enhances the position of the scientific community to argue for its share of federal
expenditures. At the same time, scientific and technological expertise permeates every function of government policy and politics,
and the science advisor is only rarely involved in wider White House decision making. The actual role of the science advisor
as compared to its heady initial days, in the context of an overall rise of governmental expertise, provides ample reason
to reconsider the role of the presidential science advisor, and to set our expectations for that role accordingly.
相似文献
Roberta KleinEmail: |
7.
Matthew Stanley 《Minerva》2008,46(2):181-194
This paper argues that that political context of British science popularization in the inter-war period was intimately tied
to contemporary debates about religion and science. A leading science popularizer, the Quaker astronomer A.S. Eddington, and
one of his opponents, the materialist Chapman Cohen, are examined in detail to show the intertwined nature of science, philosophy,
religion, and politics.
Matthew Stanley is associate professor in the Gallatin School at New York University. He conducts research on the history of the physical sciences as well as the history of science and religion. 相似文献
Matthew StanleyEmail: |
Matthew Stanley is associate professor in the Gallatin School at New York University. He conducts research on the history of the physical sciences as well as the history of science and religion. 相似文献
8.
We use prices realized for Picasso prints at auctions worldwide, as well as the 100 prints that comprise his Vollard Suite,
to test the law of one price: the proposition that identical art objects sold contemporaneously should command the same price
regardless of the auction house or geographic region where the sale takes place. Picasso is the most prolific printmaker of
the twentieth century and, from 1977 to 2004, his prints appreciated in price significantly faster than the prints of modern
masters as a whole. We find that Picasso prints sold in the United States command higher prices than in Europe. However, prices
realized at Sotheby’s in New York are no longer higher than at Christie’s in New York, nor at Kornfeld than at other auction houses. We find evidence of “irrational exuberance”
in the transitory nature of the extraordinary prices realized for the Picasso prints included in the 1997 sale of the collection
of Victor and Sally Ganz at Christie’s in New York. More generally, we find substantial noise in auction outcomes, a result
well known to savvy auction goers.
相似文献
Pauline M. Shum (Corresponding author)Email: |
9.
Edgeir Benum 《Minerva》2007,45(4):365-387
This essay explores how the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Norway became linked into a
science policy discourse that radiated throughout the developed world. Despite political differences, this discourse changed
forever the expectations by which Norway’s universities and its fundamental research institutions were to operate.
相似文献
Edgeir BenumEmail: |
10.
For academic administrators, the management of research remains a matter more of hope than expectation. It has proved particularly
difficult to measure quality. Managers typically view research as an ‹asset’. This essay argues that it is more useful to
view research and its management as ‹process’, and explores the implications of doing so for managers and researchers alike.
相似文献
Paul H. J. HendriksEmail: |
11.
Peder Anker 《Minerva》2007,45(4):417-434
Buckminster Fuller’s experiences in the Navy became a model for his ecological design projects and suggestions for the global
management of ‘Spaceship Earth’. Inspired by technocratic ideas of the 1930s, Fuller envisaged, in the 1970s, an elitist world
without politics, in which designers were at the helm, steering the planet out of its environmental crises.
相似文献
Peder AnkerEmail: |
12.
Governments often see it as their responsibility to support cultural life and at times spend a significant amount of resources
in the pursuit of this goal. The present article analyses whether and how municipalities influence each other in this decision
to spend resources on the arts (using data on local government cultural spending in 304 Flemish municipalities in 2002). Following
‘central place theory’, the focal point of the analysis is the idea that––especially for cultural expenditures––large municipalities
(and, specifically, ‘central places’) may affect their neighbours’ behaviour differently than small municipalities. The empirical
analysis supports this idea. Indeed, we show that Flemish municipalities’ cultural spending is generally positively affected
by that in neighbouring municipalities. This pattern is, however, significantly more complex for municipalities neighbouring
the 13 largest Flemish cities.
相似文献
Benny Geys (Corresponding author)Email: |
13.
14.
Roy Macleod 《Minerva》2008,46(1):53-76
In 1925, A.J. Balfour, first Earl Balfour and author of the famous ‘Balfour Declaration’, attended the inauguration of the
Hebrew University in Jerusalem. His education and experience of foreign policy equipped him to take a prominent role. However,
the conditions of strife-torn Palestine weighed heavily upon him, and raised wider interests of imperial concern. This essay
recounts the circumstances leading to his visit, and suggests that, whatever the region’s political destiny, Balfour’s vision
of science-based economic development would play an essential role in crafting its future.
相似文献
Roy MacleodEmail: |
15.
Abigail Woods 《Minerva》2009,47(2):195-216
Most histories of livestock disease in Britain treat the development of control policy as a government responsibility, to
which farmers made little constructive contribution. Similarly, farmers rarely appear in accounts of disease research. This
paper uses the example of contagious abortion (brucellosis) at the turn of the twentieth century to reveal that state-farming
collaboration in research and policy did in fact occur, and that it operated in various ways, with often unexpected outcomes.
The collaborative approach to contagious abortion is partly attributed to its clinical and epidemiological features, which
made it an unsuitable candidate for the existing, state-led policy of stamping out disease. It is claimed that such collaboration
has been overlooked by historians on account of their focus upon diseases that were amenable to stamping out. This focus needs
to change if history is to inform present-day disease governance in Britain, which is founded on the concept of ‘partnership’
between farmers and the state.
相似文献
Abigail WoodsEmail: |
16.
Geert J. Somsen 《Minerva》2008,46(2):231-245
The political engagement of scientists is not necessarily left-wing, and even when it is, it can take widely varying forms.
This is illustrated by the specific character of Dutch scientific activism in the 1930s and 40s, which took shape in a society
where ‘pillarized’ social divisions were more important than horizontal class structure. This paper examines how, within this
context, the Delft physicist Jan Burgers developed a version of scientific politics, built on a philosophy of value-laden
science.
Geert J. Somsen is assistant professor in history of science. After receiving a PhD in the history of chemistry, his current work involves ideological uses of science in twentieth-century Britain and the Netherlands, with a focus on scientific internationalism. With Harmke Kamminga he edited Pursuing the Unity of Science: Scientific Practice and Ideology between the Great War and the Cold War (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, forthcoming). 相似文献
Geert J. SomsenEmail: |
Geert J. Somsen is assistant professor in history of science. After receiving a PhD in the history of chemistry, his current work involves ideological uses of science in twentieth-century Britain and the Netherlands, with a focus on scientific internationalism. With Harmke Kamminga he edited Pursuing the Unity of Science: Scientific Practice and Ideology between the Great War and the Cold War (Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing, forthcoming). 相似文献
17.
Geographic clustering of economic activity: The case of prominent western visual artists 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
This article compiles original data relating to artists’ place of birth and work migration patterns using various art history
dictionaries. The broad historic pattern, from the 13th to the 20th century, of the birth locations of prominent artists is examined, followed
by a detailed study of the work migration patterns of prominent artists in two important situations, namely Renaissance Italy
and France in part of the 19th century. The evidence indicates a marked clustering of activity of prominent artists, both
arising from birth location and migration patterns. Some possible explanations for the observed patterns are briefly outlined.
相似文献
John O’HaganEmail: |
18.
Marta Zieba 《Journal of Cultural Economics》2009,33(2):85-108
This article provides estimates of price and income elasticities of demand for German public theatre, using a large and reliable
data set for 178 theatres over 40 years (1965–2004). It is posited that the consumption of the performing arts is a time-intensive
activity for which both a theatre ticket and leisure time are necessary. Thus, the impacts of ‘full-income’ (‘leisure time
income’ added to disposable income) and the price of leisure time on theatre attendance are examined. The findings indicate
that the demand for the performing arts is own-price inelastic. The disposable income elasticity is significant, positive
and equals approximately one. In contrast, the full-income elasticity is well above one and greater than usual income elasticity
indicating that the performing arts are a luxury good when leisure time income is included in the consumer’s budget. The positive
full-income effect is, however, offset by the negative price of leisure effect indicating that leisure time is a complement
for the performing arts. Additionally, three objective quality characteristics of theatrical productions which can positively
influence theatre demand are examined.
相似文献
Marta ZiebaEmail: |
19.
This article investigates the effect of a Tony nomination or win on the demand facing a Broadway production using a panel
of weekly revenues for Broadway productions from 1996 to 2007. Our results indicate that the effect of a nomination or win
is positive in the week of the announcement and gradually increases in successive weeks, presumably due to publicity and word-of-mouth.
Winners experience an increase in demand as late as 1 year later when awards are publicized for the following season. Moreover,
nominees that do not win the award are penalized heavily in the weeks following the Award announcements. We find that winning
a Tony Award increases a production’s revenues by 12% in the week immediately following the Awards.
相似文献
Lesley ChiouEmail: |
20.
Previous studies of the movie industry have raised questions concerning the problematic relationship between the success-related
aspects of artistic excellence and commercial appeal. The present article proposes that—when the former is measured by industry
recognition (Oscars and other awards) and the latter by market performance (box office and video rentals) and when the former
hinges on the evaluative judgments of reviewers and consumers (ratings of excellence) and the latter on the level of buzz
among these audience members (amount of attention, word of mouth, or click of mouse)—the two phenomena are essentially separable
as independent paths to conceptually distinct and empirically uncorrelated aspects of motion-picture success. An analysis
of data for 190 movies from the year 2003 shows that reviewer-and-consumer evaluations and buzz respond differently to a film’s
marketing clout (production budget, opening screens, and opening box office) and that these audience responses contribute
independently to a film’s industry recognition and market performance along two separable paths. These findings suggest various
implications for movie marketers, film producers, actors or actresses, and other members of the motion-picture industry.
相似文献
Michela AddisEmail: |