Effect of support calcination temperature on the Ru-Ce-B/ZrO_2 catalysts for benzene selective hydrogenation to cyclohexene

The effect of support calcination temperature on the benzene selective hydrogenation performance of the Ru-Ce-B/ZrO2 catalysts was investigated.It was found that with increasing calcination temperature,the surface area decreased,on the contrary,the pore size and the amount of monoclinic phase increased.With increasing support calcination temperature,the activity of the catalyst roughly decreased and cyclohexene selectivity increased.The activity decreased due to the decrease of the surface areas.The increase of the cyclohexene selectivity was correlated not only with the decrease of the surface areas but also with the increase of monoclinic phases,rich in surface hydroxyl,and the enlarged pore size of zirconia.This suggests the monoclinic zirconia with a medium surface area,rather than a big one,and a mesoporous structure,even including some macropores,is an ideal support of the catalyst for benzene selective hydrogenation.     

Experimental investigation of the factors affecting accuracy and resolution of the pore structure of cement-based materials by thermoporometry

Thermoporometry （TPM） is a calorimetric-based technique for characterizing pore structure according to the freezing and melting point depression of liquid confined in pores which attributes to a varying phase-transition free energy by interface curvature. TPM has demonstrated an emerging success in applications for determining the mesopores of cement-based materials in recent decades. To improve its resolution and accuracy, this paper discussed these factors which show a great influence on the baseline heat flow and the derived pore structure using two molecular sieves with discontinuous size for calibration, referring to the sample handling, the mass of sample and the varying temperature. The pore size distributions of ordinary and high-strength concrete by TPM were favorably compared to the results taken by nitrogen adsorption/desorption （NAD） and mercury intrusion porosimetry （MIP）. The results illustrated that both the accuracy and resolution improve with the decreasing cooling/heating rate until 1 ℃/rain; however, if the rate is too slow, it can lead to an unstable result. The mass of the sample tested has much less an effect on the accuracy when it increases to more than 30 mg. TPM is demonstrated to be more accurate to characterize the mesopores with the size bigger than 4 nm as compared to NAD and MIP.     

Monodisperse Ultra-Large-Pore Silica Coated Polystyrene Core-Shell Microbeads via Layer-by-Layer Assembly for Nano-Micro Composite

Polystyrene(PS)@Si O2 core-shell microbeads with large pore and large particle size were prepared via layer-by-layer(LBL)assembly technique for potential applications in nano-micro composites. Negative silica nanoparticles synthesized via modified St?ber method and cationic poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride)were alternately adsorbed on the surface of microbeads. Zeta potential, size, and morphology of the microbeads were monitored during LBL assembly process to ensure the successful deposition of silica nanoparticles. The porous shell was characterized using nitrogen adsorption and desorption analyses, and the surface area, volume and diameter of the pores were derived. It is found that the porous shell thickness and the pore size can be tuned by changing the coating times of silica nanoparticles. Finally, PS@Si O2 core-shell microbeads with 5,μm PS solid core and 350,nm mesoporous shell(mean BJH pore diameter is ~27,nm)were used to load Cd Se/Zn S quantum dots(QDs). The fluorescence microscopic image and the optical amplification of the QDs-embedded microbeads(QDBs)indicate that the as-prepared core-shell microbeads can provide adequate space for QDs and may be useful for further application of nano-micro composites.     

Structural Changes of Activated Carbon Electrodes for EDLCs in the Manufacturing Process

Supercapacitors,or electric double-layer capacitors(EDLCs),are the new generation of energy storage devices to store electrical charges and provide high power densities and long cyclic life compared to other storage devices.EDLC mainly consists of activated carbon electrodes and an electrolyte,and the performance of EDLC depends on the activated carbon electrodes.In this work,the structural changes of activated carbon electrodes are analyzed using commercial 2.7 V/9500 F EDLCs in its manufacturing process.It is found that there is no significant change in morphology and crystal structure of the activated carbon,but its specific surface area(SSA) reduced greatly.The SSA of activated carbon was decreased by 23% after they were manufactured or converted into electrodes and finally retained only 40% of SSA after the capacitance test.Besides,the SSA of the positive electrodes was found to decrease critically than that of the negative electrodes.The SSA of the external positive electrodes is only 14.3% after floating test at 65℃.     

Application of corncob-based activated carbon as electrode material for electric double-layer capacitors

To investigate the influence of expansion pretreatment for materials on carbon structure, activated carbons (ACs) were prepared from corncob with/without expansion pretreatment by KOH activation, the structure properties of which were determined based on N 2 adsorption isotherm at 77 K. The results show that the expansion pretreatment for corncobs is beneficial to the preparation of ACs with high surface area. The specific surface area of the AC derived from corncob with expansion pretreatment (AC-1) is 32.5% larger than that without expansion pretreatment (AC-2). Furthermore, to probe the potential application of corncob-based ACs in electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC), the prepared ACs were used as electrode materials to assemble EDLC, and its electrochemical performance was investi- gated. The results indicate that the specific capacitance of AC-1 is 276 F/g at 50 mA/g, which increases by 27% com- pared with that of AC-2 (217 F/g). As electrode materials, AC-1 presents a better electrochemical performance than AC-2, including a higher voltage maintenance ratio and a lower leakage current.     

Preparation and characterization of TiO2/expanded graphite

In order to obtain anatase TiO2/expanded graphite with high expansion volume, titania gel was introduced to expandable graphite surface by sol-gel process, and then the composite was expanded and calcined at high temperature. The samples were analysed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), energy disperse spectroscopy(EDS), and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). The optimal conditions for preparation are as follows: the molar ratio of tetrabutyl orthotitanate to triethanolamine is 1∶0.4, and the calcination and expansion temperature is in the range of 650-750 °C. Under such conditions, the expansion volume of composites could reach 98 mL/g, and the mass loss ratio is less than 5%. The analysis shows that lower temperature and smaller particle size of graphite are helpful to the formation of anatase-type of TiO2, but larger particle size will lead to lower mass loss ratio, and higher temperature and larger particle size will lead to higher expansion volume.     

Modeling of contact surface morphology and dust particles by using finite element method

The effect of dust particles on electric contacts and a hazardous size range of hard dust particles using a rigid model were discussed before. As further research, elastic-plastic model of finite element analysis was established in this work, which is closer to real condition. In this work, the behavior of large size and small size particles, and the influence of particles hardness were investigated. The calculating result of small-size particles presents a general hazardous size coefficient for different contact surface morphology; for large-size particles, it presents a hazardous size coefficient for complicated composition of the dust. And the effect of the dust shape is also discussed.     

Distribution characteristics of minerals and elements in chromite ore processing residue

In this paper,environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) is applied to characterizing the mineral and element distribution of chromite ore processing residue (COPR).The test results show that Cr-bearing brownmillerite occurs in the rim of COPR particle,while hydroandradite with Cr(Ⅵ) in its structure presents inside the COPR particle.Periclase and calcite occur in the interstitial area.Element analyses show that Ca,Fe and Al are distributed throughout the COPR particle,and Mg exists mostly in the interstitial area or on the particle surface.A lower content of Cr is evenly distributed in the COPR particle,while slightly higher concentration of Cr occurs inside the particle.It is suggested that it will take a relatively longer time for Cr to migrate out of COPR,especially for hexavalent chromium,so the leaching time and the particle size may be two important factors to affect the release of Cr(Ⅵ).     

Corrosion behavior of steel rebar in coal gangue-based mortars

Corrosion of steel rebar is the most important durability problem of reinforced concrete. The aim of this research was to investigate the corrosion behavior of steel rebar in simulated pore solutions and gangue-blended cement mortar. The simulated pore solutions were based on the pore solution composition ofgangue-blended cement. The pH and CI concentration of simulated pore solutions had significant effects on corrosion potential. However, an increase in pH reduced the influence of Cl- concentration on corrosion potential. The corrosion behavior of steel rebar in gangue-blended cement is different from that in simulated solutions. The gangue cementitious mortar surrounding steel rebar provides stable passivity environments for steel, leading to a decrease in ion diffusion coefficients. Alternating current impedance （ACI） analysis results indicated that the indicator Rc for concrete resistivity is higher for gangue mortar than for ordinary Portland cement （OPC）, which improves its corrosion potential. The results from energy dispersive X-ray analysis （EDX） showed more aluminates and silicates at the rebar interface for gangue-blended cement. These aluminates improve the chloride binding capacity of hydrates in mortar, and increase the corrosion protection of steel rebar.     

Motion and orientation of cylindrical and cubic particles in pipe flow with high concentration and high particle to pipe size ratio

Lattice Boltzmann method was used to numerically investigate the motion and orientation distribution of cylindrical and cubic particles in pipe flow with high concentration and high particle to pipe size ratio. The transient impulse model of 3D collisions between particles and between particle and wall is proposed. The numerical results are qualitatively in agreement with and quantitatively comparable to the experiment data. The results show that the increases of both the cylindrical particle to pipe size ratio and the particle aspect ratio decrease the rotation about all axes. All rotations of cubic particles decrease with increasing the particle concentration. The cubic particles, rotating more drastically in the flow with large Reynolds number, rotate faster than the cylindrical particles with the same size. The cylindrical particles align with the flow direction more obviously with decreasing Reynolds numbers. However, the orientations of cubic particles are spread all over the range with no significant difference in magnitude, and the Reynolds numbers have no obvious effect on the orientations of cubic particles.     

纳米Y沸石合成及表征的研究

以水热法合成纳米Y沸石,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱分析(FT-IR)、N2吸附等检测方法对纳米Y沸石的粒径、外貌、比表面积等物理性质进行表征。应用纳米Y沸石对一定浓度的氨气进行吸附,对比吸附前后纳米Y沸石的红外光谱探讨其吸附机理。结果表明:本试验合成的纳米Y沸石粒径为200 nm左右、颗粒均匀,且具有纳米Y沸石的骨架振动,其BET比表面积为484.24 m2/g,孔容为0.85 cm3/g。纳米Y沸石对氨气的吸附属于物理吸附。     

Effect of synthesis conditions on particle size of HMS

HMS mesoporous molecular sieve was synthesized hydrothermally by using dodecylamine (DDA) as template and tetethylorthosilicalite (TEOS) as silicon source. The influence of the hydrothermal synthesis conditions on HMS particle size was studied systematically. The results showed that the smaller particle was obtained under the condition of DDA/SiO2=0.27, H2O/SiO2=66.7, EtOH/SiO2=6.5 mol and synthesis time of 18 h. The presences of additives (TW20, TW60, SP60 and Neopelex) also helped to the reduction of particle size. The HMS mesoporous molecular sieve with particle size around 60～100 nm was obtained by using TW20 or TW60 as an additive. In addition, TEM image showed that HMS mesoporous molecular sieve with pariticle size about 20～100 nm was synthesized in microemulsion.     

沸石基纳米氧化锌抗菌性能研究

以Zn Cl2、Na HCO3和Na Y沸石为原料,通过浸渍、焙烧等工序制备出Zn O/Na Y复合材料。用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）对制备的材料进行表征,发现20-30 nm氧化锌粒子负载在Na Y沸石表面。制备的材料具有抗大肠杆菌功能,在紫外光照射下,能将大肠杆菌完全氧化分解。     

以胶原纤维为模板合成介孔TiO2-Al2O3二元复合氧化物纤维

以胶原纤维为模板合成了介孔TiO2-Al2O3二元复合氧化物纤维,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、比表面孔隙分析仪、X光电子能谱(XPS)对该二元复合氧化物纤维进行了表征。结果表明所合成的介孔TiO2-Al2O3二元复合氧化物呈纤维状,较好地保留了胶原纤维的结构。当Ti/Al摩尔比为4.88:1时,TiO2-Al2O3二元复合氧化物纤维的平均孔径为7.4 nm,比表面积可达131.0 cm2/g,其中TiO2主要以锐钛矿相存在,Al2O3则以无定形态分散于TiO2晶体间。     

高比表面硫酸沉淀法纳米白炭黑的制备及表征

利用沉淀法白炭黑生产工艺,以泡花碱、硫酸为原料,通过添加分散剂和优化生产工艺技术,制备了高比表面纳米级沉淀白炭黑产品,并采用FT-IR、XRD、SEM、TG-DTA及N2吸附-脱附等测试技术对白炭黑产品结构和性能进行了表征。结果表明：制备的白炭黑属于以水合氧化硅形成的无定形态的微孔材料,BET比表面积为402.40m2/g,粒子分散均匀无团聚现象,粒径在80～100nm范围,孔形规整、孔径尺寸均匀、孔径分布区域为0.54～0.56nm。     

活性炭/二氧化锰复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用水热法,以果壳活性炭为载体,制备活性炭（AC）/二氧化锰（MnO2）纳米线复合材料。采用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、场发射扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、比表面及孔径分析仪、同步热分析仪（TG）以及紫外可见吸收光谱（UV/Vis）对所得材料的组成、形貌和结构进行表征,并对其光催化性能进行研究。结果表明:采用水热法可实现活性炭与MnO2的有效复合。在复合材料中,MnO2纳米线多以无定形态的形式存在且尺寸均一,将活性炭有效胶结在一起,从而使得活性炭比表面积和孔隙率降低,但其孔径大小保持不变。光催化实验结果表明,AC/MnO2复合材料对于有机染料具有明显、高效的降解效果,对亚甲基蓝的降解主要是吸附和光催化两者协同效应的结果。该结果拓展了活性炭在光催化领域的应用。     

Zn(H_2O)_4(4-PDC)_2的晶体结构和氢键相互作用

合成了锌的配合物Zn(H2 O)4 ( 4 PDC)2 [4 PDC) =4 pyridinecarboxylate],经X 射线表征 ,晶体数据 :分子量为 381 .66,三斜晶系 ,空间群P 1 ,a =0 .6342 1 ( 7)nm ,b =0 .691 79( 5 )nm ,c=0 .92 80 2 ( 8)nm ,α =96.2 2 7( 8)°,β =1 0 4 .979( 7)° , =1 1 2 .872 ( 7)° ,V =35 2 .2 7( 6)cm-3 Z =1 ,Dc =2 .1 95gcm-3 ,T =2 93( 2 ) ,λ =0 .0 71 0 73nm ,μ(MoKa) =1 .797mm-1,R1=0 .0 2 1 9,wR2 =0 .0 62 2 .在该配合物中 ,每个Zn(II)离子是六配位的扭曲四角双锥构型 .X -射线单晶结构分析表明 ,该化合物的羧基O和配位水分子O通过O…H—O氢键在链方向上和链之间形成网状结构 .     

超分子化合物C_(50)H_(44)N_4O_8的合成与晶体结构

采用水热合成法合成了标题化合物C50H44N4O8,并测定了其晶体结构。其晶体属于三斜晶系,P-1空间群,晶体学参数为:a=0.6054(2)nm,b=1.1853(4)nm,c=1.4535(5)nm,α=97.821(5)°,β=92.031(5)°,γ=91.080(5)°,V=1.0324(6)nm3,Z=1,Dc=1.333 g/cm3,F(000)=436。该化合物通过分子间氢键形成了一种二维网状的超分子结构,由于分子间的作用力使其分子又沿a轴呈层状堆积。     

绝缘修饰层及其厚度对喷墨打印OTFT的影响

通过在底栅顶接触的喷墨打印有机薄膜晶体管的SiO2表面采用原子层沉积方式制备薄层的Al2O3修饰层,并与未修饰前进行比较,发现有源层在ALD-Al2O3修饰后的SiO2表面接触角大大变小,且喷墨打印的有源层线条变粗。而随着ALD-Al2O3修饰层厚度的增加,SiO2表面粗糙度变大。通过测试其电学性能,发现ALD- Al2O3修饰层厚度为1 nm时,OTFT的性能最好,与未修饰前相比,其迁移率提高了近8倍,而开关比提高约4个数量级。     

二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫催化剂NiMo/Al2O3和NiMo/AC的对比研究

通过N2吸附、X-射线衍射（XRD）和程序升温还原（TPR）等技术对载体和相应催化剂进行表征,考察了NiMo/Al2O3和NiMo/AC催化剂的加氢脱硫性能.结果表明,催化剂NiMo/AC上活性组分在载体活性炭表面高度分散,且活性组分与载体之间的相互作用较弱,催化剂表面的Ni,Mo活性相易于还原.在相同活性评价条件下,当以NiMo作为活性组分时,以氧化铝为载体的催化剂活性在低温时高于以活性炭为载体的催化剂,在较高温度时,两者活性相差不大.