近情和中庸:林语堂的一种人文选择

林语堂将"近情"和"中庸"取作自己的一种人文选择。他认为近情精神是文化的最高理想,而近情的人是最高形式的有教养的人。他指出孔子就是近情者,因为他尊重人性,且以人情之常为学、立论和行教,后来程朱宋儒以理学解孔子,才使他的面目发生了变化。但更加深刻和独特之处还在于,林语堂相信传统的中庸之道是最典型的近情主义。事实上,中庸的本义是对极端的否定;是无所坚执,保持思维的弹性和活性,使思想和言行始终不失其"正"。林语堂痛惜这种伟大传统文化智慧的莫名失落。     

林语堂的人文情怀

林语堂是"五四"以来中国现代文化文学史上一位风格独特的文化学者,他一生经历了一个漫长的宗教信仰探索过程,探索历程就是寻找、认同各种宗教思想中人文主义精神的历程.但在林语堂的思想观念中,西方的人文主义与中国的人文主义的内涵是有所差异的,这正是促使林语堂最后阪依基督教的重要原因.     

论林语堂近情美学

林语堂是现代文坛上的文学大师和文化大师,这与其丰富且深邃的近情美学思想不无关联。“近情”是林语堂词典中的关键词,也是建构其美学体系的枢纽。林语堂把“近情”具化为对和谐境界的追求和艺术自由本质的坚持,并把艺术与人的生命方式联系起来,颂扬生活艺术化和艺术近情化的理念,其美学思想体现出鲜明的人文精神。     

林语堂的中西文化观

林语堂中西文化观的出发点是人生而不是文化。从这一点出发，在如何对待中西文化的问题上，他的思想经历了三个发展阶段：２０年代，林语堂极力倡导西方文化，提出“精神之欧化”的主张；３０年代，他开始对中国文化进行重新审视，在批判的同时倡导中国传统文化中与他的中庸与近情人生观相符的部分；１９３６年移居美国后，他则站在世界文化的制高点上，逐渐形成了集他的中西文化观之大成的“中西融合”理论。     

林语堂的道教观

林语堂对中国传统文化深层的认识一是中国儒家的伦理观念，一是道家的处世态度。在中、西宗教文化思想中，道教文化思想对林语堂的影响最为巨大。他总结出老子的全部哲学是以柔弱的教义为基础，他特别欣赏老子的隽语，对道家的另一个代表人物庄子给予了颇高的评价。正是出于对“道”的独特领悟，林语堂的道家生命观、道家人生观形成了，并领略到了道家独特的人文主义景观。     

林语堂的人文主义思想

林语堂是中国二十世纪的一位文化名人,也是一位争议极大的人物,他本人以“一团矛盾”自谓,这“一团矛盾”中最大的矛盾莫过于他个人宗教信仰。虽然他在基督教及中国传统的儒、道、释三教中犹豫、彷徨、探险,然而他一生不变的宗教文化思想的内在理念即是对人文主义精神的不懈追求,最终使林语堂成为一个彻底的深具思想内涵的人文主义者。     

“孔子为耶稣”——丁韪良论耶儒关系

丁韪良主张融合耶儒,并且最大限度地容忍中国礼仪,但他本质上是一个加尔文主义者,在对待儒教问题上仍秉持一种“传教士东方主义”,他的“孔子加耶稣”口号应被理解为“孔子为耶稣”,或“儒教服务于基督教”。     

论林语堂小说家庭文化的审美取向

林语堂是中国现代文学史上独具一格的作家,具有不平凡的生活创作经历,形成了儒道共济、中西互补理想的文化精神.林语堂小说在文化层面上向我们展示了林语堂“传统理想主义”的独特的家庭文化审美取向,承载着中西合璧的文化理想.     

论林语堂的基督教思想与中国传统文化的联系

林语堂是一个有着“一捆矛盾”的作家,其思想的复杂性在五四以来的中国文坛上也是少见的。他既接受了西方近代思潮的影响,又同时赓续着中国传统文化的因子,而基督教观念则融透于林语堂的整个精神历程。实际上,正是基督教精神使童年的林语堂轻而易举地摆脱封建传统的束缚,接受西方近代文明的洗礼,也正是基督教精神使其能够以一种全新的眼光审视中西文化。但是林语堂并不可能简单重复基督教思想,在接受基督教文化的同时,他又始终没有摆脱中国传统文化的深层浸染。这样以中西文化合流的历史进程为大背景,西方的基督教思想与中国传统文化相拒而又相融的事实显然具有文化上的典型意义。本文着重探讨林语堂的基督教思想与中国传统文化的联系,这种联系既是林语堂“两脚踏中西文化”思想的逻辑起点,同时又折射出二十世纪中西文化合流的历史走向。     

孔子的人生哲学及其在韩国的影响

孔子是中国历史上最有影响的思想家，也是一个公认的对世界文化思想有影响的人物。他的思想不仅在社会生活中比较强大的精神支柱，而且在政治、教育和社会风气上处于主导的位置。孔子和儒家的精神在很大程度上变成了中国粹的国民精神，尤其是积极入世而又超越凡欲的思想，内心所有归依，而且，儒教（儒学）在韩国是最具优势的传统文化之一，至今仍作为重要的秩序原理而生存，尤其在社会生活的许多方面也渗透着儒教的影响。不仅仅是受到影响，而形成了勤奋、诚实、节俭、相助相生等伦理观念。     

卡思卡特城堡

It is worthy of noting that, whilst Crookston Castle witnessed the earlier and happier portion of Mary's variegated life,     

只要努力,不要后悔

There are numbers of crossroads on our long and unpredictable life journey where we totally have no idea about which direction to choose. No matter what our decision is, we should not turn back, but face the music and go ahead instead. I am this kind of girl who always does try without regretting, one example is how I dealt with my love.     

浅谈移民问题

Migration occurs behind a variety of reasons and has a great effect on the whole world. People may migrate in order to improve their economic situation, or in order to escape civil strife, persecution, and environmental disasters. The impact of migration is complex, bringing both benefits anddisadvantages. This paper briefly talks about the causes of migration, the allocation of benefits, and the ways in which individual countries and the international community deal with this important subject.     

Sister Carrie, an Adherent of Desires

Sister Carrie is one of the most controversial characters in American literature.Thought as a "fallen woman" firstly,she was defined as a "new woman" by some critics later. However, by digging into the motivaton behind the whole process of Carrie's "success", the relationship between Carrie and her creator (the author), the social conditions of then American, it can be found that Carrie has never been free-standing on her thought and she has never found her real-sdf even after becoming a famous actress. In a society dominated by mass consumerism Carrie is only an adherent of her own desires. She also is a representative of all those country girls flooded into cities, a symbol and a sacrifice of the urbanization of America in a time countryside was overcome by cities.     

Improvement of one-cycle controller by use of proportional integral differential controller

1.IntroductionOne-cyclecontrolmethod,whichwasproposedaboutonedecadeago[1],hasbecomeanattractivemethodinspecialfieldssuchaspowerfactorcorrection[2-6],switchingamplifiers[7,8],etc.Themainideaofthiscontrollerisbasedonintegrationofdiodevoltageinone-cycleandforcesittobeexactlyequaltothereferencevalue.Themainadvantageofthiscontrollerisitsrealtimeabilitytorejectthevariationofinputvoltage[1].Despitethisgreatability,ithasnogoodperformancesinrejectingofloaddisturbanceandfollowingreferencecommands.Espec…     

胡主席在印度,我却在中国

Today, Sunday morning, I sit thinking and typing at my computer. My thoughts are in my homeland, India and my body is in China. The body is here and mind there for a good reason. Mr. Hu is president and I am resident and both are in each other's countries (what a difference the absence of one small letter makes!). Mr. Hu will return in a few days and I will stay on longer.     

STORIES

正A One day a pig went to the stable(马棚)to see his good friend,an oldhorse,and was going to stay there forthenight.Night came and it was time forsleep.The pig went into the straw heap(稻草堆)and lay comfortably.A longtime passed,but the horse was stillstanding there and did not move.Thepig asked the horse why he did not go tosleep."Standing like this is the begin-ning ofsleeping,"answered the horse.     

巧妙引语(英文)

正1.Any fool can count the seeds in an apple.Only God can count all the apples in one seed.2.Happy families are all alike;every unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.3.Memories are the key not to the past,but to the future.4.Sometimes in the dark you see what you want to see.5.There is a great difference between     

Information for Authors

正Scope and Policy The Journal of Chongqing University-English Edition(JCQU-E)is a peerreviewed journal publishing research articles in multiple disciplines of science and technology,covering civil and environmental engineering,chemical engineering,biotechnology,mechanical and electrical engineering,computer and data processing,mining,metallurgy,materials science,and interdisciplines thereof.