Delivering school‐based mental health services by school psychologists: Education,training, and ethical issues

Consistent with the priority goals of the 2002 Future of School Psychology Conference, the National Association of School Psychologists' Blueprint for Training and Practice III advocates for school psychologists becoming “leading mental health experts in schools.” In this regard, the present article reviews the prevalence and incidence of children's mental health problems in the schools, followed by a historical overview of the nature of school‐based mental health services. We discuss education and training issues and related ethical and professional practice issues that focus on the ethics codes of the National Association of School Psychologists and the American Psychological Association that are associated with the delivery of mental health services by school psychologists. Recommendations are offered for graduate‐level coursework and field experiences in the delivery of school‐based mental health services, as well as future directions for research in this area. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Promoting cultural competence in counseling Asian American children and adolescents

Asian Americans are commonly perceived as the diligent and high‐achieving “model minority.” This positive stereotype has negative consequences for this ethnic minority group because it trivializes their social and mental health problems. This image of success has made many overlook the true nature of the struggles many Asian American families have to face in the United States. Scientific literature suggests that Asian American children experience major adjustment problems in school including loneliness, isolation, withdrawal, rejection, anxiety, low self‐esteem, and interpersonal distress. Cultural barriers exist between the Asian and the dominant society and influence Asian Americans' cognitive appraisal and coping choices when personal and emotional problems arise. These barriers also prevent clinicians from identifying and subsequently providing effective mental health services for Asian American children and their families. In this article, the authors examine the Asian cultural conceptions of mental health and various cultural barriers in an attempt to promote cultural understanding and competence among clinicians working with Asian American children and their families. Recommendations for clinical practice and future research directions are provided. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

基于实践能力导向的教育硕士分类培养研究——以小学教育专业为例

专业学位研究生的培养主要是以实践能力为导向。就教育硕士而言,其实践能力结构包括教学能力、管理能力、教育研究能力、课程开发与设计能力和心理健康教育能力五个方面。从"是否有学校教学工作经历"和"是否师范专业本科毕业"两个维度,可以将教育硕士研究生分为"有经历师范生""无经历师范生""有经历非师范"和"无经历非师范"四类,他们对硕士阶段的理论课程学习和实践教学皆表现出不同的反馈与诉求,需要从理论课程和实践环节的设计上做出区分以进行分类培养。     

Wellness promotion as a life‐long endeavor: Promoting and developing life competencies from childhood

Presented here are arguments for reframing school psychologists as agents‐of‐change for children's entire life spans through creating positive patterns that promote healthy living. Such a focus on children's strengths and the enhancement of wellness, in contrast to the current pathology‐driven model of school psychology, may even develop a cadre of healthier professionals. Wellness begins at home, and the brightest prospect for engaging children in positive activities is a “mental‐health enhancer” role model who has personally addressed the goals of wellness, health improvement, and affiliation with constructive communities of friends, colleagues, and family. We offer some justification for a reformulation to the positive, data why this might be beneficial, and some speculative means for how a school psychologist can “take the high road.” © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Psychol Schs 41: 131–141, 2004.     

Forms and functions of storytelling by teachers

This paper deals with forms and functions of storytelling by teachers in an Israeli comprehensive school staffroom. The main function of these stories is to present to the teachers themselves the teachers' views on teaching, and especially some features of the image of the ideal teacher. The ideal teacher believes in the important value of control. He or she should be able to establish control by being practical, and using “professional knowledge”. This professional knowledge has three main sources: the teacher's own experience; his or her colleagues' experience; and his or her creativity. The stories in the staffroom create images of the ideal teacher and socialize teachers to these images.     

Implementation Issues: a ‘FRIENDS for life’ course in a mainstream secondary school

“FRIENDS for life” is a manualised, 10 week, Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) based programme designed to be run in school and community settings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of “FRIENDS for life” when implemented in a mainstream secondary school by school staff. Data regarding implementation of the programme were collected and analysed using activity theory. A Single Case Experimental Design was used to monitor the impact of the intervention on the emotional distress and coping strategies of five secondary school participants. The findings suggest that participation in FRIENDS did not result in the hypothesised reductions in emotional distress, or improvement in coping skills. However programme implementation was incomplete. Analysis using activity theory suggested that factors such as lack of time, space for delivery, and experience and training impacted upon implementation and could be further supported by educational psychologists when developing these interventions.     

Self-evaluation and school adaptation in adolescence

The transition between Junior High School and High School (respectively “collège” and “lycée” in the French system) results in new academic demands to which the pupil tries to respond by mobilising new adaptive resources. This study deals with one of these resources — self-esteem — which, as a result of a qualitative change in the young person’s evaluation of him/herself, takes on its full meaning during adolescence. At the end of Junior High School, 208 good pupils (126 girls and 82 boys) were asked to fill in questionnaires about global self-esteem and self-evaluation in domains related to school (“with peers”; “in the school work”; “in the family”). Using two different techniques (questionnaires and interviews), their coping modalities (emotions, mental strategies and active strategies) were recorded when they found themselves facing a “first academic difficulty” at school. The difficulty took the form of a sudden, noticeable drop in performance in a subject in which the pupil had previously been successful. A multiple regression analysis revealed the low predictive power of contextual self-evaluation (including self-evaluation related to school) on functional and dysfunctional factors. On the other hand, global self-esteem contributed significantly to the prediction of these factors and to the sequential ordering of coping modalities in time.     

“Being Healthy”: The discursive construction of health in New Zealand children's responses to the National Education Monitoring Project

In this paper we examine the discursive resources that year 4 and year 8 students draw on to construct meanings for health. Drawing on students' responses to tasks in the New Zealand National Monitoring Project (Crooks & Flockton, Health & Physical Education, University of Otago Educational Assessment Research Unit, 1999) we examine what students have to say about health, and speculate on where these responses have come from and on the implications of these for health education pedagogy. The students' responses indicate that they are well versed in “healthism” discourses that link practices like eating, exercise, smoking, drinking and taking drugs with “health”. The students' responses also point to the construction of health knowledge as certain and static. Relatively little attention is paid to the social, cultural, economic or political contexts of people's lives. Indeed, the “typical” responses clearly point to the dominance of white, middle class values about health and fitness promoted in New Zealand society. We conclude by posing several questions generated for educators.     

Supporting primary-level mathematics teachers’ collaboration in designing and using technology-based scenarios

In this article, we address how the design of educational scenarios can support teachers’ adoption of both technology and open-ended projects indorsing creativity and innovation. We do that by describing how groups of teachers develop digital learning environments supporting using a combination of GeoGebra and Google sites. Both teachers and pupils work with the concept of “game” as something they design, and furthermore, the pupils immerse themselves into the scenarios that the teachers create in a way similar to “playing a game.” We investigate teachers participation in collaborative development and testing through qualitative means, aiming to describe the teachers’ appropriation of (1) GeoGebra as a tool for doing and teaching mathematics, and (2) game as a metaphor supporting open-ended projects addressing creativity and innovation in the classroom. The data from the project suggest that the notion of “game” can support collaborative scenario design is a viable way of introducing technology and open-ended projects to primary school teachers.     

农村寄宿制初中生心理健康调查研究

目的：了解农村寄宿制初中生心理健康状况,比较寄宿生与非寄宿生心理健康状况的差异;方法：采用“中国中学生心理健康量表”调查了150名寄宿制初中生和非寄宿制初中生50人,比较寄宿生与非寄宿生心理健康差异;结果：寄宿生各项得分均略高于非寄宿生,其中在“人际关系紧张敏感”程度上,寄宿生明显高于非寄宿生;在“敌对”程度上,男生明显高于女生;其中“适应不良”和“人际关系紧张敏感”两个因子上,独生子女显著高于非独生子女;在“强迫”因子上,单亲家庭学生明显高于非单亲家庭学生。     

The Theory of Planned Behaviour as a framework for understanding parental experiences with homework

Research into parental homework-related experiences has predominantly focused on parental attitudes to homework. This research has shown that parental attitudes can affect the formation of attitudes in children and subsequently their academic success. Most research has focused on a secondary school context, but there is still a lack of knowledge within primary school contexts. The present study qualitatively investigated parental homework-related experiences in a Scottish primary school context and the factors influencing these experiences, using the Theory of Planned Behaviour as a framework. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 13 Scottish parents (12 mothers, mean age [M] = 35, standard deviation [SD] = 2.7; and one father, age = 38 years) and were analysed using a hybrid approach to Thematic Analysis. The three themes identified were: “theory of planned behaviour”, “factors influencing parental control” and “coping mechanisms”. Parents provided help with homework regardless of their attitude to homework but their homework experience was influenced by factors encountered during homework and the coping mechanisms adopted.     

Partnering with school providers to codesign mental health interventions: An open trial of Act & Adapt in urban public middle schools

Schools are well positioned to provide access to youth mental health services, but implementing effective programs that promote emotional and behavioral functioning in school settings is complicated by the poor fit of interventions developed in research settings to complex school contexts. The current study formed a research–practice partnership with two urban public schools and mental health providers employed by those schools (N = 6, 100% female, 50% Black/African American, 50% White/Caucasian) in the adaptation of a depression prevention intervention, Act & Adapt. The intervention was modified by decreasing meeting time and streamlining session content, increasing flexibility, making intervention materials more similar to academic curriculum, and increasing the focus on managing disruptive behavior within group sessions. In an open trial, sixth-grade students (N = 22; 59% boys, 31% Hispanic, 22% Black/African American, 4% Asian, 30% White/Caucasian) at both schools who were identified as clinically “at risk” reported improvements from baseline to postintervention and at 1-year follow-up on measures of emotional and behavioral difficulties and coping strategies, with parallel results by caregiver report. The providers reported satisfaction with the intervention, and qualitative analyses of provider focus groups suggested both barriers and facilitators to research-practice collaborations to implement mental health interventions in schools.     

教师实践性知识养成的生活史探究:布迪厄社会实践理论的视角

以布迪厄社会实践理论为分析框架,对一位优秀的初中特级教师Y老师的个人生活史进行探究,可以发现教师实践性知识的养成得益于教师在一定的“场域”中,在特定的“惯习”驱动下所采取的一系列活动。教师的实践性知识是一种复杂综合的知识样态,是教师在一定“场域”中进行“文化再生产”时,他过往的“实践”积累下的“惯习”和“资本”的外在表征,它集历史经验与现实创造于一体,是社会客观条件制约与教师内在创造力高度统一的产物。     

张掖地区农村初中教师心理健康状况的调查分析

教师的心理健康水平影响着学生的心理健康。国内有关教师的心理健康水平的研究比较少,尤其是对欠发达地区的农村教师的心理健康状况研究更少。本研究选择了张掖地区所辖的五区共10所农村初中的358名教师作为独立样本,采用“SCL-90症状测评量表”和自编的“教师心理健康成因的调查问卷”为研究工具,将测验、调查、访谈三种方法相结合,对张掖地区农村初中教师心理健康状况进行了实证研究。     

高中生积极心理品质培养研究

培养高中生的积极心理品质是高中积极心理健康教育的任务和核心。本文根据高中生生理、心理发展的特点以及高中生积极心理品质发展的现状,提出了高中生应重点培养的八项积极心理品质：思维与洞察力、谦虚、信念希望、持重、执着、真诚、创造力、领导力。在此基础上,本文提出了高中生积极心理品质培养的五项策略：牢固树立积极心理健康教育理念;引导学生进行积极心理体验;积极争取家长配合,形成教育合力;开展丰富多彩的活动;构建积极心理品质培养网络。最后,本文用实例详细展示了如何培养高中生的积极心理品质。     

双性化人格研究：回顾与反思

通过对国内外双性化人格研究的梳理,发现迄今的研究涉及到如下几个方面：（1）从年龄阶段上看,有中学生、大学生和老年人;（2）从职业分布上看,主要涉及学生、教师和运动员;（3）研究的内容主要集中在情绪特征、社会适应性、人际关系、依赖性、应对方式、心理健康水平、人格特质、自尊水平、自信心、创造性水平、高级神经活动类型、人口学分布特征等具体变量与双性化人格两两之间的关系;（4）双性化人格的跨文化研究和城乡对比。总的看来,已有的研究大都证明了双性化人格在很多方面是积极的、有利于个体心理发展和社会适应的,还没有研究证明双性化人格对个体、对社会有什么不利的影响,双性化人格是一种理想化的性别角色模式。未来的研究应注意以下几点：（1）加大研究力度,扩大研究规模;（2）寻求研究方法上的突破;（3）加强跨文化研究;（4）探究双性化和应付方式与主观幸福感的关系及其相互作用的机制。     

高中教师心理健康、应付方式及其关系研究

为了解高中教师的心理健康现状、应付方式特点及二者的关系,提高高中教师的心理健康水平,笔者使用症状自评量表SCL-90和应付方式问卷,对洛阳市、南阳市五所高中的200名教师进行了调查。结果显示,高中教师的整体心理健康状况较好,他们使用最多的是解决问题的方式;高中女教师更多地使用求助和幻想的方式,老教师更多地使用合理化的方式;相关结果和回归分析显示,心理健康与应付方式存在着高度相关,彼此都有一定的预测作用。     

论日本保育思想的形成、发展及其现状

近代以来,日本的保育事业逐步发展,保育思想也不断发展。今天其《幼儿园教育要领》和《保育所保育指针》的基本思想,就是重视孩子自身的各种感受,重视孩子的嬉戏和生活体验。从"健康"、"人际关系"、"环境"、"语言"和"表现"五个领域规定了比较具体的目标和内容,以确保孩子在各个方面都能够"体验"、"感受"和"享受"各种各样的事情。嬉戏作为孩子的自发的活动,是培养其身心协调发展的基础的重要的学习。日本学前教育机构的工作就是从五个领域指导孩子通过嬉戏和生活体验逐步形成生存的基础,逐步为生存能力的形成奠定基础。