QUANTUM CHEMICAL STUDIES ON A NEW ORGANOSULFUR REACTION MECHANISM

ＱＵＡＮＴＵＭＣＨＥＭＩＣＡＬＳＴＵＤＩＥＳＯＮＡＮＥＷＯＲＧＡＮＯＳＵＬＦＵＲＲＥＡＣＴＩＯＮＭＥＣＨＡＮＩＳＭＺｈｕＪｉｎ；ＣｈｅｎＹａ－ｌｉｎｇ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ，ＡｃａｄｅｍｉａＳｉｎｉｃａ，Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００８０...     

EXPERIMENTS OF SEVERAL METHODS FOR GEO-POINT-PROCESS PREDICTION

ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＳＯＦＳＥＶＥＲＡＬＭＥＴＨＯＤＳＦＯＲＧＥＯ－ＰＯＩＮＴ－ＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＳＯＦＳＥＶＥＲＡＬＭＥＴＨＯＤＳＦＯＲＧＥＯ－ＰＯＩＮＴ－ＰＲＯＣＥＳＳＰＲＥＤＩＣＴＩＯＮ￥ＷａｎｇＪｉｎ－ｆｅ...     

MEASUREMENT OF SOD ACTIVITY BY ~（19）F NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE（NMR）RELAXATION RATE

ＭＥＡＳＵＲＥＭＥＮＴＯＦＳＯＤＡＣＴＩＶＩＴＹＢＹ~（１９）ＦＮＵＣＬＥＡＲＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＲＥＳＯＮＡＮＣＥ（ＮＭＲ）ＲＥＬＡＸＡＴＩＯＮＲＡＴＥＺｈａｏＢａｏ－Ｌｕ；ＣｈｅｎＹｕｎ－ＺｕｎａｎｄＸｉｎＷｅｎ－Ｊｕａｎ（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｉ?..     

THE MULTI─ASSOCIATION MODEL OF THE ESR─ACIDITY SENSITIVE FREE RADICAL：A THEORETICAL STUDY

ＴＨＥＭＵＬＴＩ─ＡＳＳＯＣＩＡＴＩＯＮＭＯＤＥＬＯＦＴＨＥＥＳＲ─ＡＣＩＤＩＴＹＳＥＮＳＩＴＩＶＥＦＲＥＥＲＡＤＩＣＡＬ：ＡＴＨＥＯＲＥＴＩＣＡＬＳＴＵＤＹ￥ＺｈｕＪｉｎａ；ＹａｎＪｉｎｇ；ＣｈｅｎＹａ－ｌｉｎｇ；ＺｈａｎｇＪｉａｎ－ｚｈｏｎｇ；Ｙ...     

DEVELOPMENT OF A VACUUM SPARK DISCHARGE SOURCE

ＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＡＶＡＣＵＵＭＳＰＡＲＫＤＩＳＣＨＡＲＧＥＳＯＵＲＣＥＤＥＶＥＬＯＰＭＥＮＴＯＦＡＶＡＣＵＵＭＳＰＡＲＫＤＩＳＣＨＡＲＧＥＳＯＵＲＣＥ￥ＧｕｏＹｕ－ｂｉｎ；ＬｉＦｕ－ｔｉａｎ（ＣｈａｎｇｃｈｕｎＩｎａｔｉｔｉｄｅｏｆＯｐｔｉ...     

DETERMINATION OF CYANIDE BY A SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC REVERSED FLOW INJECTION METHOD

ＤＥＴＥＲＭＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＣＹＡＮＩＤＥＢＹＡＳＰＥＣＴＲＯＰＨＯＴＯＭＥＴＲＩＣＲＥＶＥＲＳＥＤＦＬＯＷＩＮＪＥＣＴＩＯＮＭＥＴＨＯＤ￥ＪｉｎｇｆｕＬｉｕａｎｄＨｕｉｃｈａｎｇＭａ（ＲｅｓｅｔｒｃｈＣｅｎｔｅｒｆｏｒＥｃｏ－Ｅｎｖｉｒｏｎｍｅｎ...     

DETERMINATION OF THE INTENSITY OF THE EARTHS MAGNETIC FIELD DURING QUATERNARY FROM VOLCANIC ROCKS IN EASTERN CHINA

ＤＥＴＥＲＭＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＴＨＥＩＮＴＥＮＳＩＴＹＯＦＴＨＥＥＡＲＴＨＳＭＡＧＮＥＴＩＣＦＩＥＬＤＤＵＲＩＮＧＱＵＡＴＥＲＮＡＲＹＦＲＯＭＶＯＬＣＡＮＩＣＲＯＣＫＳＩＮＥＡＳＴＥＲＮＣＨＩＮＡＬｉＣｈｕｎｊｉｎｇ；ＺｈｕＲｉｘｉａｎｇ（Ｉｎｓｔｉ...     

IDENTIFYING SCANVENGING EFFECTS OF ANTIOXIDANTS ON ACTIVE OXYGEN BY A NEW SYSTEM

ＩＤＥＮＴＩＦＹＩＮＧＳＣＡＮＶＥＮＧＩＮＧＥＦＦＥＣＴＳＯＦＡＮＴＩＯＸＩＤＡＮＴＳＯＮＡＣＴＩＶＥＯＸＹＧＥＮＢＹＡＮＥＷＳＹＳＴＥＭ￥ＭａＹａｏ；ＺｈａｎｇＪｉａｎｚｈｏｎｇ（ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＣｈｅｍｉｓｔｒｙ，ＧｒａｄｕａｔｅＳｃｈｏ...     

THE SENSITIVITIES OF THE AGCM TO THE SOLAR CONSTANT CHANGE AND GEOGRAPHICALLY VARYING SSTA

ＴＨＥＳＥＮＳＩＴＩＶＩＴＩＥＳＯＦＴＨＥＡＧＣＭＴＯＴＨＥＳＯＬＡＲＣＯＮＳＴＡＮＴＣＨＡＮＧＥＡＮＤＧＥＯＧＲＡＰＨＩＣＡＬＬＹＶＡＲＹＩＮＧＳＳＴＡ￥ＷａｎｇＨｕｉ－ｊｕｎ（ＬＡＳＧ，ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＡｔｍｏｓｐｈｅｒｉｃＰｈｙｓｉｃｓ，...     

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FRACTALS APPEARED ON ALUMINIUM FOIL IRRADIATED BY INTENSE RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON BEAM

ＣＨＡＲＡＣＴＥＲＩＳＴＩＣＳＯＦＴＨＥＦＲＡＣＴＡＬＳＡＰＰＥＡＲＥＤＯＮＡＬＵＭＩＮＩＵＭＦＯＩＬＩＲＲＡＤＩＡＴＥＤＢＹＩＮＴＥＮＳＥＲＥＬＡＴＩＶＩＳＴＩＣＥＬＥＣＴＲＯＮＢＥＡＭ￥ＧａｏＨｕａｉ－ｌｉｎ；ＰａｎＹｕ－ｌｉ（ＣｈｉｎａＩｎｓｔ...     

奥美拉唑治疗消化性溃疡疗效观察

对５６例消化性溃疡患者，平分两组分别用奥美拉唑及进口洛赛克治疗４周。结果：奥美后唑总有效率９６％，洛赛克１００％，两者差异无显著性；两组治疗前后快速尿素酶试验阳性率相比差异无显著性；治疗前与治疗后胃液ｐＨ值相比两组差异均有高度显著性。奥美拉唑费用低，有推广价值。     

Ameliorative Effects of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Allium sativum</Emphasis> Extract on iNOS Gene Expression and NO Production in Liver of Streptozotocin + Nicotinamide-Induced Diabetic Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most prevalent diseases in the world, which is strongly associated with liver dysfunction. Hyperglycemia, through an oxidative stress pathway, damages various tissues. Herbal medicine is a good candidate to ameliorate hyperglycemia and oxidative stress. In this study, the effects of aqueous Allium sativum (garlic) extract (AGE) on gene expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) and production of nitric oxide (NO) were evaluated in the liver tissue of diabetic rats. Four groups of rats contained normal control rats, garlic control rats (AGE), Streptozotocin (STZ) + nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats (DM), and diabetic rats treated with garlic (DM + AGE). Glucose levels and liver enzymes activities were determined by colorimetric assay in the serum. Gene expression of iNOS by real-time PCR, NO levels by Griess method, oxidative stress parameters by spectrophotometric method and histopathological examination by hematoxylin and eosin staining method were evaluated in the liver tissues. Glucose levels, activities of liver enzymes, oxidative stress markers, iNOS gene expression, and NO production increased significantly in diabetic rats in comparison with control rats, whereas after oral administration of garlic, these parameters decreased significantly, close to the normal levels. Hence, the beneficial effects of garlic on the liver injury of diabetes could be included in the hypoglycaemic and antioxidant properties of garlic via a decrease in gene expression of iNOS and subsequent NO production.     

Seasonal variations in markers of stress and oxidative stress in rats

High ambient temperature has been reported to increase oxidative stress by increasing lipid peroxidation and decreasing antioxidant defence in transition dairy cows. It is also known to cause an increase in plasma cortisol levels in goats, European hedgehog and human volunteers. High levels of glucocorticoids have been reported to decrease blood glutathione and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity in rats. Although institutional animal houses in research laboratories of developed countries maintain animals in air-conditioned rooms at constant temperature, the same is not true of animal houses in the developing countries especially those belonging to smaller institutions and this could affect the results of the experiments being conducted on these animals. The present research study was done to assess the effects of seasonal variations on the status of erythrocyte oxidative damage, antioxidant defence and plasma cortisol levels in adult female Wistar rats. Rats were kept in their home cages and were left in non-air-conditioned procedure rooms in two different seasons, Hot season (March-May) and Cool season (June to September). Erythrocyte Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and plasma cortisol levels were significantly increased in rats exposed to high ambient temperature and humidity of the hot season as compared to the rats of the cool season. Erythrocyte reduced glutathione levels, erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities were significantly decreased in the hot season group of rats. The results of our experiments showed that exposure of adult female Wistar rats to high ambient temperature and humidity of the hot season increases neuroendocrine stress, oxidative stress and decreases antioxidant defence in them.     

Beneficial Effect of Aqueous Garlic Extract on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Status in the Kidneys of Type 1 Diabetic Rats

One of the most important complications of diabetes is nephropathy. This study investigates the effects of aqueous garlic extract on inflammation and oxidative stress status in the kidneys of diabetic rats. Male rats were divided into four groups- control rats, diabetic rats, garlic extract-treated diabetic rats, garlic extract-treated normal rats. The glucose, urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels were measured in sera using colorimetric methods. To determine the oxidative stress condition in the kidney tissues, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total oxidant status (TOS) were measured using colorimetric methods. Inflammation status was evaluated by the determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene and protein expression using qRT-PCR and ELISA respectively, while nitric oxide (NO) level in these tissues was measured using the Griess method. Histological examination of Kidneys was carried out by H&E staining. The levels of glucose, urea, and uric acid were found to increase in the serum of diabetic rats and decrease in that of diabetic rats after treatment with garlic. Measurement of MDA, TOS, and TAC revealed oxidative stress in diabetic rats, which improved after receiving the extract. The NO and TNF-α protein levels in diabetic rats were higher than those in control rats. After treatment with garlic, the levels of TNF-α protein and NO became close to the normal levels. Histological results confirmed certain other data as well. Garlic has antioxidant properties; therefore, it can reduce oxidative stress, which plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy. Reduction in oxidative stress has beneficial effects on inflammation because it leads to a decrease in the level of TNF-α.     

Curative role of pantothenic acid in brain damage of gamma irradiated rats

Radiation induced brain damage is associated with impairment of mitochondrial functions, variations in the level of neurotransmitters, and oxidative stress. Mitochondrial function is closely linked to the level of neurotransmitters since the precursors are supplied by the Kreb’s cycle intermediates. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of pantothenic acid, an essential component in the synthesis of Coenzyme A (CoA), on the activity of the Krebs cycle enzymes, isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-KGDH), and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH); the level of aspartic, glutamic and GABA; the activity of transaminases, and oxidative stress, in the cerebrum of γ-irradiated rats. Pantothenic acid (26 mg/Kg) was orally administered to the rats, 2 h after irradiation and during the following 5 days. Animals were sacrificed the 7th day post-irradiation. The exposure of male albino rats to γ-rays (5 Gy) has triggered oxidative stress notified by a significant elevation in the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, associated to a significant decrease in the content of phospholipids, and the antioxidant compound glutathione (GSH). The activity of IDH, α-KGDH, and SDH, has significantly decreased, while the level of aspartic, glutamic and GABA has significantly increased. In parallel to these changes, the activity of alanine and aspartate transaminase has significantly increased, compared to their values in the control rats. Pantothenic acid treatment, has significantly attenuated oxidative stress; enhanced the activity of IDH, α-KGDH, and SDH; minimized the increase in the level of amino acids and the activity of transaminases, compared to their values in the cerebrum of irradiated rats. In conclusion, pantothenic acid could improve the level of neurotransmitters amino acids, which depends on the enzymatic activities of Krebs cycle and linked to oxidative stress.     

Gamma Amino Butyric Acid Attenuates Brain Oxidative Damage Associated with Insulin Alteration in Streptozotocin-Treated Rats

The aim of the current study was to evaluate the role of γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) in insulin disturbance and hyperglycemia associated with brain oxidative damage in streptozotocin-treated rats. Streptozotocin (STZ) was administered to male albino rats as a single intraperitoneal dose (60 mg/kg body weight). GABA (200 mg/Kg body weight/day) was administered daily via gavages during 3 weeks to STZ-treated-rats. Male albino rats Sprague–Dawley (10 ± 2 weeks old; 120 ± 10 g body weight) were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats and treated in parallel. (1) Control group: received distilled water, (2) GABA group: received GABA, (3) STZ group: STZ-treated rats received distilled water, (4) STZ + GABA group: STZ-treated rats received GABA. Rats were sacrificed after a fasting period of 12 h next last dose of GABA. The results obtained showed that STZ-treatment produced hyperglycemia and insulin deficiency (similar to type1 Diabetes). These changes were associated with oxidative damage in brain tissue and notified by significant decreases of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in parallel to significant increases of malondialdehyde and advanced oxidation protein products levels. The histopathology reports also revealed that STZ-treatment produced degeneration of pancreatic cells. The administration of GABA to STZ-treated rats preserved pancreatic tissue with improved insulin secretion, improved glucose level and minimized oxidative stress in brain tissues. It could be concluded that GABA might protect the brain from oxidative stress and preserve pancreas tissues with adjusting glucose and insulin levels in Diabetic rats and might decrease the risk of neurodegenerative disease in diabetes.     

Antidiabetic effect of Momordica charantia saponins in rats induced by high-fat diet combined with STZ

BackgroundThe harmful effects of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications have become a major global public health problem. In this study, the effects of Momordica charantia saponins (MCS) on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, and insulin signaling pathway in type 2 diabetic rats were investigated.ResultsMCS could attenuate the tendency of weight loss of the model rats. It could also improve glucose tolerance; reduce fasting blood glucose, nonesterified fatty acid, triglyceride, and total cholesterol; and increase the insulin content and insulin sensitivity index of the rats. The activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase increased, and the content of malondialdehyde decreased in the liver and pancreas tissues of rats in MCS-treated groups significantly. In addition, the expression of p-IRS-1 (Y612) and p-Akt (S473) increased, and the expression of p-IRS-1 (S307) decreased in the liver tissues and pancreas tissues of rats in MCS-treated groups significantly.ConclusionMCS has an antidiabetic effect, which may be related to its improving the lipid metabolism disorder, reducing oxidative stress level, and regulating the insulin signaling pathway.How to cite: Jiang S, Xu L, Xu X, et al. Anti-diabetic effect of Momordica charantia saponins in rats induced by high-fat diet combined with STZ. Electron J Biotechnol 2020;43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2019.12.001.     

两种土壤基质条件下鸡眼草对水分胁迫和丛枝菌根真菌的响应

盆栽实验条件下,研究了种植在两种土壤基质的豆科草本植物鸡眼草(Kummerowia striata)对水分胁迫和丛枝菌根真菌的响应。水分处理为对照(土壤相对含水量为70%~80%)和中度干旱胁迫(土壤相对含水量为45%~55%),菌根真菌处理为接种和不接种处理。结果表明,水分和基质均影响菌根真菌的侵染率,水分胁迫降低侵染率,条件较好的基质1菌根真菌的侵染率明显高于条件较差的基质2。两种基质条件下,接种菌根真菌都显著降低叶片丙二醛含量(P<0.05)但提高了可溶性糖含量、增加了鸡眼草的分枝数和提高了鸡眼草的地上部分和地下部分生物量。干旱胁迫处理,基质1下菌根真菌提高植物抗旱性的效果为4.29%,而基质2下菌根真菌提高植物抗旱性的效果为11.29%。     

Microfluidic endothelial cell culture model to replicate disturbed flow conditions seen in atherosclerosis susceptible regions

Atherosclerotic lesions occur non-randomly at vascular niches in bends and bifurcations where fluid flow can be characterized as "disturbed" (low shear stress with both forward and retrograde flow). Endothelial cells (ECs) at these locations experience significantly lower average shear stress without change in the levels of pressure or strain, which affects the local balance in mechanical stresses. Common in vitro models of atherosclerosis focus primarily on shear stress without accounting for pressure and strain loading. To overcome this limitation, we used our microfluidic endothelial cell culture model (ECCM) to achieve accurate replication of pressure, strain, and shear stress waveforms associated with both normal flow seen in straight sections of arteries and disturbed flow seen in the abdominal aorta in the infrarenal segment at the wall distal to the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA), which is associated with high incidence of atherosclerotic lesion formation. Human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) were cultured within the ECCM under both normal and disturbed flow and evaluated for cell shape, cytoskeletal alignment, endothelial barrier function, and inflammation using immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry. Results clearly demonstrate quantifiable differences between cells cultured under disturbed flow conditions, which are cuboidal with short and randomly oriented actin microfilaments and show intermittent expression of β-Catenin and cells cultured under normal flow. However, in the absence of pro-inflammatory stimulation, the levels of expression of activation markers: intra cellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), and vascular endothelial cell growth factor - receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) known to be involved in the initiation of plaque formation were only slightly higher in HAECs cultured under disturbed flow in comparison to cells cultured under normal flow.