Knowledge map creation and maintenance for virtual communities of practice

This paper proposes a knowledge map management system to facilitate knowledge management in virtual communities of practice. To realize the proposed knowledge map management, we develop knowledge map creation and maintenance functions by utilizing information retrieval and data mining techniques. The knowledge maps created respectively from the documents of the teachers’ professional community, SCTNet, and the thesis repository at Taiwan’s National Central Library, are evaluated by experts of these two domains. Knowledge maps generated by the system are accepted by domain experts from the evaluation since the degree of their modification of the automatically created knowledge maps is proportionally small. The knowledge structure representing the categories of community documents maintains its high purity, diversity, specificity, and structure adaptation by using the knowledge map maintenance function with limited computational cost. Thus, the knowledge map creation and maintenance mechanisms developed in this research enable the dynamic knowledge management of communities of practice on the Internet.     

Knowing in action: Beyond communities of practice

This paper engages with the recent turn in the social sciences towards communities of practice as a driver of learning and knowledge generation across a variety of different working environments. While agreeing with the broad reinstatement of situated social practice in thinking on the dynamics of knowledge capitalism, the paper takes issue with the increasingly homogeneous and instrumentalist use of the term communities of practice to encapsulate ‘knowing in action’. On the basis of an extensive review of the available literature, the paper argues for the importance of differentiating between different varieties of knowing in action. The paper notes the differences - in organisation, spatial dynamics, innovation outcomes, and knowledge processes - between four modes: craft or task-based knowing; epistemic or high creativity knowing; professional knowing; and virtual knowing. The proposed typology is used to illustrate the insight gained from such analytical precision, through a discussion of the spatial configuration of knowing in action, long assumed to require spatial proximity. It is shown that spatial and relational proximity - which can be struck at a distance - should not be treated as one and the same.     

原始性创新触发机制研究——基于实践团体及其嵌入网络的视角

在设计驱动创新元模型、领导用户触发创新模型以及客户需求轨迹断点模型的基础上,提出了基于实践团体及其嵌入网络的原始性触发机制模型,并详细分析了触发机制模型的运作机理和原始性创新的阈值。重点分析实践团体及其嵌入网络的知识分布结构———框架、元件知识结构,强调原始性创新触发机制的本质是各类实践团体及其嵌入的不同层次的实践网络之间动态的知识流动、交换、合并和创新的过程。研究对企业分析自身实践团体及借助其嵌入网络的优势、在创新网络中选择正确的位势和创新方向、实现原始性创新有一定的借鉴意义。     

大学R&D管理的知识体系和实践

R&D是大学三大功能之一,R&D管理既有一般项目管理的内涵,同时因为它的科学前沿和高技术开发内涵,它具有区别于一般项目的特定知识体系.文章阐述了大学R&D管理的知识体系,分析了R&D管理中计划、立项、执行与控制、交付、转化的过程,提出了一系列的R&D管理流程,研制了大学R&D管理的知识系统.     

高校科研管理创新的认识与实践

以创新为切人点，探讨了新时期高校科研管理创新的内涵，介绍了湖北农学院科研管理的创新、实践、效果与体会。     

Knowledge management research & practice: visions and directions

This editorial paper outlines key directions for knowledge management research and practice. The editorial team presents the results from a small survey of academics and practitioners about the present and future of knowledge management, and the editors include their own informed views on how this journal can help promote scholarly inquiry in the field.     

Knowledge city research and practice under the microscope: a review of empirical findings

The changing and challenging conditions of the 21st century have been significantly impacting our economy, society and built and natural environments. Today generation of knowledge, mostly in the form of science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and arts, is seen as a panacea for the adaptation to changes and management of challenges. Making space and place that concentrate on knowledge generation, exchange, and marketing has become a priority for many nations. Consequently, the concept of knowledge city is coined at the beginning of the century and since then it is widely researched and practiced. This paper aims to scrutinise and provide a clear understanding on the evolution of knowledge city research and practice. As the methodological approach, the study employs systematic review of the knowledge city empirical studies in peer-reviewed journals. The findings shed light on the emerging patterns, identify research and practice gaps, and point out research directions to advance the field.     

Knowledge management and intellectual capital: an empirical examination of current practice in Australia

This paper reports the findings from a survey conducted in Australia to explore current practices relating to knowledge management (KM) and intellectual capital (IC). A systematic approach in the form of the intellectual capital web guided the research. Findings revealed that KM was perceived to be more about developing knowledge culture than about managing organisational processes and structure. IC was perceived to be more about human capital than about customer capital and organisational capital. It can therefore be concluded that human capital holds the greatest importance for KM and IC. However, when facilitators for knowledge creation and knowledge sharing were rated, organisation structure was perceived to be more important than organisational culture and information technology. For KM practices, participants indicated that more attention was paid to training and developing employees and less to measurement and reward and incentive issues. The importance of aligning the management of IC and KM was perceived to be more important than the difficulty of doing so.     

An assessment model for virtual communities of practice: a study in the oil and gas industry

This paper proposes a model to assess the level of maturity in Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoPs). The model is based on a theoretical construction attained from the analysis of previous frameworks proposed in literature. Using this construction, we have proposed eight main organizational, managerial and technological levers to improve the performance of VCoPs. Additionally, the model presents the analysis of four performance metrics obtained from these VCoP management levers. The model presented can be used as a benchmarking tool for analysing how companies perform in their management of VCoPs. After developing the model, we applied it to a benchmarking study of four global oil and gas companies. Our results include a performance comparison among these companies as well as the main practices and technologies they use to achieve success in the management of VCoP.     

Knowledge creation through the synthesizing capability of networked strategic communities: case study on new product development in Japan

This paper provides a new point of view regarding the knowledge management of new product development (NPD), a high-tech field requiring the merging and integration of different technologies. As a case study, we examine the dynamism of the knowledge creation process in NPD at Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation (hereafter referred to as NTT), a traditional Japanese telecommunication company, as it merges and integrates the different elements of broadband network technology, network operation technology, and multimedia processing technology etc., and we analyze the NPD processes of NTT. In a short period of time, a strategic team at NTT, consisting mainly of informal cross-functional middle managers transcending NTT's business divisions, formed strategic communities inside and outside the company, and then formed a network that transcended the strategic communities' boundaries. The synthesizing capability of the leadership-based strategic communities comprising community leaders inside the networked strategic communities enabled NTT to build new business models aimed at customers and achieve successful NPD ahead of other competitors.     

知识社会中存在知识垄断和知识霸权危险

阐述了现行知识产权保护制度中出现的知识垄断和知识霸权危险,进行了反思,并提出了我国知识产权保护的若干应对措施。     

基于知识构建的图书馆知识服务研究

阐述了知识构建和知识服务的内涵,分析了知识构建与知识服务的关系,并对知识构建基础上的图书馆知识服务模式进行了探讨。     

知识联盟与知识型企业的知识创新战略

首先分析了知识型企业知识创新战略定位的三个维度,指出了知识联盟四种作用及其结构,并提出了在知识联盟作用导引下的三种知识创新促进机制,最后分别研究了三种促进机制对应于知识创新战略三个维度的作用。     

知识流动、知识链与知识链管理

从分析知识流动入手,界定了组织之间知识流动所形成的知识链,阐释了知识链管理的内涵、原则和目标。     

知识经济环境下的图书馆知识服务

本文论述了在知识经济环境下图书馆开展知识服务的可行性与必要性,阐述了知识服务的特点及其实施原则。     

刍议知识博客在知识管理中的应用

通过对知识博客和传统知识管理的比较,阐述知识博客在知识管理中具有的特点和优势．论述了它在知识管理各环节中的具体应用。     

知识特征和企业知识管理

在知识经济时代,知识成为企业的第一生产要素,因此,研究企业如何进行知识管理是一个重要而又现实的问题,本文探讨知识管理的主要内容,并从知识学习和累,知识扩散和激活两个方面如何实施知识管理,并从内部知识网络的构建,知识的交和重构两个角度提出企业内部知识扩散的途径。