Making knowledge management work: tactical to practical

Over the past 20 years, many researchers and theorists have generated a significant body of literature in the interrelated fields of knowledge management (KM), organizational learning (OL), and knowledge creation (KC). A large body of work generated by proponents of technology as a primary facilitator of KM, OL, and KC supports the expenditure of billions of dollars in information technology infrastructure and knowledge management systems. A separate body of work generated by behaviourists illustrates how organizational culture is a major determinate in the effectiveness of the technology. Ultimately, corporate executives measure success in terms recognizable to financial markets. Yet, an empirical link connecting the interrelated dots needed to provide practical guidance to practitioners and executives remains elusive. This paper summarizes historical and current perspectives within the field and identifies the need for continue empirical research to build a practical construct.     

知识更新对员工创造力的影响

知识员工是企业赖以生存和发展的宝贵财富。随着知识老化速度日益加快,知识更新成为知识员工普遍面临的压力。基于挑战—阻断性压力分类理论和压力交互理论,探讨知识更新要求对女性知识员工创造力的影响,分析了挑战性压力评估和个体技能发展的链式中介作用和工作家庭冲突的调节作用。运用结构方程模型和Bootstrapping方法对假设进行检验,结果表明：知识更新要求对员工创造力有显著正向影响,包括直接影响和间接影响;在间接影响方面,挑战性压力评估和个体技能发展在知识更新要求与员工创造力关系中起部分链式中介作用;在直接影响方面,工作家庭冲突在知识更新要求与员工创造力关系中起调节作用。     

体验式学习--辅导员培训形式的新探索

辅导员在学习中有实用性、经验性、交流性和问题性等特点,在辅导员培训中,以课堂为基础的正规培训方式已越来越不能满足辅导员学习的需求。以学习者为中心的,通过实践与反思相结合来获得知识、技能和态度的体验式学习方式能有效针对辅导员学习特点,提升辅导员学习的兴趣和动力,弥补课堂教学的不足,增强辅导员培训的科学性和有效性。     

Language and practice

What are the relative contributions of language and physical practice to practical understanding? The resolution of a series of puzzles depends upon the answer. I argue that language is, and must be, more central than physical practice in individual acquisition of practical understanding. Only this makes it possible for there to be a sociology of scientific knowledge, for there to be scientific specialities, for there to be a division of labour in society and for there to be a society that is more than a set of narrow and isolated worlds. Physical practice remains central to human culture but its influence is at the collective level at which languages are formed, rather than the individual level at which practical abilities are acquired. Domain languages 'contain' practices, and it is from these that individuals draw much, usually most, of their practical understanding. Because the individual level and the domain level have not previously been distinguished, certain philosophical problems have been wrongly cast and mistakes have been made. Domains of practice/language are embedded within one another in fractal-like relationships, and this is how we can make sense of higher levels of coordinated action. The ideas of 'special interactional expert', 'practice language' and 'methodological interactionalism' are introduced.     

公司创业的要素、形式、策略及研究趋势

从熊彼特提出创业概念开始,由于其先进的知识体系,创业研究得到了理论研究领域和实践管理者的普遍关注。公司创业是企业维持和提升竞争优势的有效途径,本文在总结以往相关研究的基础上,阐述了公司创业要素、形式、战略制定、组织设计和绩效,并提出了公司创业未来研究趋势,研究结果对未来公司创业研究和实践具有重要的参考价值。     

基于产业知识多样性的区域创新能力评价研究

在已有研究基础上,提出产业知识多样性(Industrial Knowledge Diversity)概念及其测度指标,并将其应用于区域创新能力评价,以期为相关研究与实践进行一些有益的探索。以福建省9个地市为对象进行实证分析,结果表明,区域产业知识多样性指标与其GDP数据具有明显的正相关关系,说明利用产业知识多样性评价区域创新能力的思路是可行的,具有一定的理论价值和现实意义。     

组织动机感知、损失感知及知识共享意愿

知识共享是当前理论界和实践界研究的热点。本研究基于文献研究在理性行动理论以及社会交换理论基础上,探讨员工组织动机感知、损失感知与知识共享意愿的关系以及面子的调节作用。通过对580份调查问卷进行实证研究发现,组织动机感知与知识共享意愿正相关,损失感知与知识共享意愿负相关;面子负向调节损失感知与知识共享意愿的关系;面子正向调节组织动机感知与知识共享意愿的关系。研究结论对于企业促进员工知识共享意愿提升企业创新能力有重要的理论与实践指导意义。     

信息管理与信息系统专业人才创新能力培养研究

随着计算机信息科学不断发展、信息社会逐渐成熟,信息管理与信息系统专业受到了极大挑战:课程设置宽泛多样,但学生实践与创新能力不足。大部分毕业生并未实现专业规划 "成为高级专门人才"的培养目标。本文从信管专业课程设置和知识结构入手,分析现有知识结构存在的问题,提出依托现有知识结构从专业实践环节解决问题并提高学生创新能力,包括独立实践环节和课程实践环节的设置与安排。     

基于“项目导向、任务驱动”的土地利用规划课程教学实践

土地利用规划课程是土地资源管理专业的一门专业核心课程,是一门实践性强的学科。旨在通过学习,掌握土地利用规划的基本理论、内容和方法,科学编制土地利用规划。针对目前课程实践教学中存在的问题,探讨“项目导向、任务驱动”实践教学的重要性,根据具体的基于项目或任务驱动,引导学生自主学习,协助完成项目任务,完成知识体系的构建。实践表明,此教学模式是提高教学效果的有效手段,提高学生的理论知识水平和动手实践创新能力,实现了以学生为中心,变被动为主动的探究式学习。     

高职财会专业实践教学的改革思路

高职教育是一种以能力为本位的教育。对于财会专业的学生来说,不仅要有深厚的理论知识,还要具有良好的职业道德、创新意识和实际工作的能力。其中,财会实践教学对培养综合型应用人才有一定作用。本文主要针对高职教育中如何加强财会实践教学,谈谈笔者的想法。     

Becoming an expert practitioner: court experimentalism and the medical skills of Anna of Saxony (1532-1585)

This essay proposes that the well-documented interest in empirical and experimental practice at the early modern German courts was not limited to male practitioners. Just as princes evinced an interest in practical alchemy, mathematics, and astronomy, a large number of gentlewomen became expert medical practitioners. Using a case study of one noblewoman, Electress Anna of Saxony, I would like to expand the notion of "prince-practitioning" to a more general and inclusive "court experimentalism." Like the prince-practitioners, Anna engaged in a laborious attempt to learn the hands-on techniques involved in becoming an expert; she collaborated with both noblewomen and noblemen in her efforts; and she semantically linked her medicine to the alchemical skills (Künste) practiced by her husband, Elector August. Although court experimentalism cannot be equated with experimentation in the modern sense, medicine is one area in which women actively shared in the early modern fascination with empirical knowledge.     

国际贸易实务课程教学方法探讨

国际贸易实务课程作为国际贸易专业的主要课程,具有实践性强、教学内容多、覆盖知识面广、操作性强的特点,课程教学的效果直接影响到学生走上实际工作岗位对专业知识的运用能力。本文分析高校国际贸易实务课程教学中普遍存在的问题,有效结合实际情况和社会需求提出调整和优化教学方法的方案,有助于改善教学效果,切实提高学生的实践能力。     

强化实践创新能力培养的工程结构检测实习改革与实践

针对目前工程力学专业工程结构检测实习以见习为主,未结合学生的专业应用背景,实习内容相对独立、缺乏创新教育等问题,该文树立了“以学生为中心”的理念,在“江苏大学土木工程技术研究院”和科技部“高端装备关键结构健康管理联合研究中心”实践基地建设的基础上,深化与企业间的合作,在实习教学理念、课程内容、运行管理、师资队伍及实践平台等方面进行了改革,工程力学专业学生对知识的掌握运用能力、实践创新能力得到了提高,该实践成果也可为其他工程实践课程提供参考。     

Artificial intelligence and knowledge management: questioning the tacit dimension

Knowledge management (KM) has matured to the point that many organisations either believe they have such practices in place or at least understand they are relevant to the knowledge work commonly undertaken in many industries. What is lacking from the literature, however, is a solid foundation for the philosophies underpinning KM and particularly for how tacit knowledge informs the KM space. Research over decades shows tacit knowledge underpins all other forms of knowledge, enabling the interpretation and judicious application of knowledge, leading (at its highest levels) to the concept of wisdom. As an academic discipline, artificial intelligence (AI) was established before KM, has been grounded in the computing discipline for many decades, and is applied broadly in many domains. This paper explores how AI can inform the KM debate. Rather than simply provide examples of AI success stories as applied to KM in practice, it explores the theoretical and practical limitations of AI and KM in unison, providing at the same time a strong epistemological understanding of both disciplines as a means of furthering the knowledge debate, with particular emphasis on the role of tacit knowledge within this jurisdiction.     

项目教学在园林树木学课程教学中的实践

园林树木学是园林专业的骨干课程之一,是园林生态学、园林规划设计及园林养护管理的重要基础。本文结合多年的教学实践,通过“道路绿化设计”项目教学案例,以项目工作任务为知识载体,把课程内容植入项目中,建立仿真的工作环境,学生在任务驱动下自主学习专业知识和实操技能。学生带着问题学习,教师成为师傅和导师,学生是工作项目的参与者和评判者,这种教学模式提高了学生学习专业知识技能的兴趣,取得与实际工作一致的经验和技能。     

Inter-project learning: processes and outcomes of knowledge codification in project-based firms

In this paper, we argue that the literature on knowledge codification has been overly concerned with the economic properties of its outcomes, neglecting the importance of its underlying learning processes. Following Zollo and Winter [Organisation Science, 2001, in press], the paper distinguishes three learning processes: experience accumulation, knowledge articulation and knowledge codification and suggests a framework to analyse the learning abilities of project-based firms. We propose that mechanisms for inter-project learning draw upon these learning processes and can be found at various levels of the project-based firm. Using empirical evidence from six case studies, we discern three empirical patterns, that we defined learning landscapes, of such mechanisms. Implications for the literature and practice of knowledge codification are discussed.     

隐性知识云形成过程研究

隐性知识是人类通过实践得到的经验的概化,是实践经验与显性知识集成而形成的高度抽象的支持高效推理和快速检索的知识。隐性知识在实践中获取,隐性知识又可以指导个人更好的实践。在这个过程中,同化和调适机制起到了重要的作用。概念格是研究对象和属性之间关系的数学理论,用概念格理论解释隐性知识的形成过程,可以对隐性知识形成过程有更好的理解,为隐性知识管理提供了很好的研究方向。     

工程管理专业实景实习基地建设研究

工程管理专业培养既懂管理又懂工程技术的应用技术人才,该专业学生不仅需要管理知识,还需要掌握扎实的工程施工技术。目前实习基地是培养学生实践动手能力、增加感性认识的主要场所,而实景实习基地具有直观、实用、经济等诸多优点。本文从实景实习基地具体建设方案方面做出初步探讨,可作为建筑工程类实习基地建设参考。     

The influence of informal social media practices on knowledge sharing and work processes within organizations

Contemporary information technologies such as social media have invigorated the way knowledge is shared within organizations to the extent that we have to rethink and reassess our understanding of the role and influence of technology in organizational processes and knowledge sharing. This paper uses the strategy as practice lens guided by the interpretivist philosophy to understand the influence of informal social media practices on knowledge sharing and work processes within an organization. The paper uses empirical evidence from the case study of a telecom organization in Tanzania to gain theoretical insight into informal social media practices and knowledge sharing. This research contributes to the Information Systems (IS) literature by asserting that organizational processes are achieved by mundane knowledge sharing mediated by informal social media use within the organization. Also, the study contributes to IS literature by highlighting how emerging informal practices are essential to daily processes within organizations.     

中学信息技术教育中探究能力的培养

信息技术课程的产生源于信息技术,是一门知识性、技能性非常强的课程。中小学的信息技术课离不开实践和应用,信息素养的集中体现就是学生的实际操作能力,只采用＂纸上谈兵＂的教学方式是行不通的,学生只有经过自己的实际操作才能真正掌握信息技术的基本知识和技能,获得感悟与体验。因此教师应该给学生留有更多的思维空间和锻炼机会,让学生在实践中亲身体验创新和自学的乐趣,有利于拓展学生的思维,培养学生的自学能力和创新素质,促使和引导学生进行探究学习,培养创新素质。