社会资本、知识特性与企业知识创新——以科技型企业为对象

本研究以科技企业为对象,分析社会资本和知识特性对企业知识创新的影响。为了解决这个问题,本文包括了三个目标：分析了社会资本对企业知识创新的影响;分析了知识隐性和多样性对企业知识创新的影响;分析了社会资本调节作用下,知识隐性和多样性对企业知识创新的影响。通过对科技型企业知识创新影响因素模型的构建．为下一步研究的开展奠定基础。     

知识属性对产业集群企业技术学习策略的影响机制研究

本文深入考察了产业集群中知识属性对企业技术学习策略的影响机制。在实证研究中,本文运用大样本问卷调查数据和层次回归分析方法对理论假设进行检验。研究发现,知识属性对于产业集群企业的技术学习策略存在着显著的影响。具体而言,知识缄默性对产业集群企业深度优先的技术学习策略存在显著的正向影响;知识缄默性和知识异质性对集群企业广度优先的技术学习策略存在显著的负向影响;网络中心性对知识缄默性与产业集群企业技术学习策略之间的关系起着调节作用。     

关系质量、知识缄默性与IT外包知识转移——基于接包方视角的实证研究

IT外包是一个知识密集的过程,知识转移是影响外包绩效的关键。本文基于IT外包接包方视角,构建了以关系质量中的三个维度:信任、满意和承诺以及知识缄默性为影响因素,以接包方的知识接受意愿和吸收能力为中介变量的概念模型,研究这些因素对IT外包知识转移的交互影响。基于结构方程模型对收集来自规模较大的IT外包公司的217份有效调查问卷进行实证检验。研究发现在关系质量对IT外包知识转移的作用过程中,接包方的知识接受意愿和吸收能力起到显著的中介作用。信任、满意和承诺对接包方的知识接受意愿具有显著正向影响,信任和满意对接包方的知识吸收能力具有显著正向影响。知识缄默性对IT外包知识转移具有负向影响,关系质量中的信任和满意维度对知识缄默性与知识转移之间的路径关系具有显著调节作用。     

基层科研组织在社会治理中的作用——中国北方七县荒漠化防治的实证研究

 基层科研组织是当代社会组织结构的重要组成部分,在社会治理中扮演着重要角色。基于对西北七县的实证考察,研究探讨了基层科研组织在中国北方荒漠化防治中的作用。研究发现：（1）被调查者对基层科研组织的了解虽然有限,但对其作用的评价却很高,二者存在倒U型相关关系;（2）基层科研组织在荒漠化防治中的功能多样化,但主要集中在政策建议和科研活动等方面;（3）基层科研组织的组织间结构安排机制多样化,但垂直控制关系明显;（4）基层科研组织的地方性组织优势突出,但由于资金支持不足和自身组织结构等问题,其发展受到限制;（5）要改进基层科研组织在荒漠化防治中的参与功能,首先要改革其组织机构,并加大对其的资金支持等;（6）影响基层科研组织作用评价的因素和途径多种多样,需进一步研究。这些发现不仅为进一步探讨基层科研组织在荒漠化治理中的作用奠定了基础,而且为探讨其它类型的科研组织在社会治理中的作用提供了理论基础和实证参考。     

知识属性、技术学习惯例与企业创新绩效:规模的调节效应

本文深入考察了技术学习惯例在知识属性与企业创新绩效之间的中介作用机制。在实证研究中,本文运用大样本问卷调查数据和结构方程模型分析方法对理论假设进行检验。研究发现,技术学习惯例强度在知识属性影响企业创新绩效的机制中起部分中介作用。具体而言,知识存储惯例强度和知识激活惯例强度在知识缄默性与企业创新绩效之间起部分中介作用;知识激活惯例强度在知识异质性与企业创新绩效之间起部分中介作用;企业规模对知识缄默性与知识存储惯例强度、知识激活惯例强度之间的关系起调节作用。     

基于知识默会性的先天学习对新创企业绩效的影响机理

新创企业的先天学习是指将创业者的先天知识进行知识转移与知识转化的过程,不仅决定新创企业创新搜索成本,同时影响新创企业的创新绩效。基于知识管理与组织学习视角,构建了知识默会性-先天学习-新创企业绩效的理论模型,并通过对142家高科技新创企业的问卷调查,验证了理论假设。研究发现:新创企业先天学习对新创企业的创新绩效有正向影响,组织知识默会性对新创企业的创新绩效有正向影响,但组织知识默会性与先天学习存在替代效应。对研究结论和意义进行了分析与讨论。     

Asymptotic properties of Spearman’s footrule and Gini’s gamma in bivariate normal model

This paper aims at rejuvenating the two rank correlation coefficients, Spearman’s footrule (SF) and Gini’s gamma (GG), which were forgotten in the literature for a long time due to lack of knowledge concerning their statistical properties. Under the common bivariate normal model, we establish the asymptotic analytical expressions of the mean and variance of SF and GG, and investigate the performances of SF and GG from the aspects of biased effect, approximate variance and asymptotic relative efficiency (ARE). Moreover, we further study the robustness of SF and GG under contaminated normal models. In order to get a deeper understanding of their performances, we also compare SF and GG with Kendall’s tau (KT) and Spearman’s rho (SR), the most widely used rank correlation coefficients, in terms of bias and mean square error (MSE) under both the normal and contaminated normal models. Finally we show an application of SF and GG in the field of signal processing through the example of time-delay estimation. Simulation results indicate that SF and GG outperform SR and KT in some cases. The new findings discovered in this paper enable SF and GG to play complementary roles to KT and SR in practice.     

Comparison of competing models and multi-group analysis of organizational culture,knowledge transfer,and innovation capability: an empirical study of the Taiwan semiconductor industry

This study proposes a theoretical model to examine the relationships between organizational culture (OC), knowledge transfer (KT), and innovation capability (CI) in Taiwan’s semiconductor industry. Structural equation modelling is employed to discuss the degree of influence on each construct. In order to recognize what the better model and whether the model will be moderated for different industry chain positions (upstream, midstream, and downstream), this study uses competing models and multi-group analysis. A total of 433 valid responses were collected from 10 Taiwan semiconductor firms’ R&D departments. Through the competing models, we find that supportive culture is better than bureaucratic and innovative culture. Findings also reveal that managers should shape a supportive culture and encourage KT to promote CI in the semiconductor industry supply chain. KT is a partial mediator between OC and CI. In addition, after multi-group analysis, the results show that culture has significantly different relationships with KT and CI.     

A novel framework for deep knowledge tracing via gating-controlled forgetting and learning mechanisms

In this paper, we propose a framework called Gating-controlled Forgetting and Learning mechanisms for Deep Knowledge Tracing (GFLDKT for short). In GFLDKT, two gating-controlled mechanisms are designed to model explicitly forgetting and learning behaviors in students’ learning process. With the designed gating-controlled mechanisms, both the interaction records and students’ different backgrounds are combined effectively for tracing the dynamic changes of students’ mastery of knowledge concepts. Results from extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms the state-of-the-art models on the KT task. In addition, the ablation study shows that designed forgetting and learning mechanisms contribute clearly to the performance improvement of GFLDKT.     

组织在惰性氛围下如何进行商业模式创新？

企业在发展的过程中可能会形成惰性,使其商业模式无法快速响应市场需求的变化,阻碍了可持续发展,因此,在惰性的氛围下如何推动商业模式创新,是企业亟待解决的问题。但当前管理学中惰性的相关研究较少关注商业模式创新领域,从而导致对从惰性到商业模式创新的过程缺乏深入的探究。基于此,论文以在新零售背景下进行商业模式创新的传统零售企业为研究对象,通过扎根理论方法,构建出组织在惰性氛围下的商业模式创新过程模型,以探究组织从惰性到商业模式创新的过程机理,研究发现：（1）环境压力促使组织对当前的惰性特征进行反思,从而增强商业模式创新的动机;（2）组织需要综合运用主动遗忘、组织学习与组织借用三种方式来减弱对原有商业模式的依赖,并进行商业模式的探索、借鉴与尝试,而这一知识建构过程受到网络嵌入的影响;（3）在知识建构的基础上增强组织即兴能力,更有利于降低组织即兴的不确定性和风险性,促进商业模式创新。在此基础上,论文对研究结果进行了讨论,并提出相关建议。     

基于前沿生物技术主观不确定性风险的研究

技术风险的主观不确定性主要来源于相关主体不同的利益或价值追求。前沿生物技术较高的主观不确定性在其社会扩散过程中容易被级联放大,进而埋下风险隐患。对此,文章基于Oxitec公司转基因伊蚊技术环境释放试验的案例研究,探究了前沿生物技术主观不确定性风险产生的源头与过程。研究发现：（1）技术本身的不确定性是风险争议产生的起点,主要通过科学家之间的相互博弈产生;（2）技术研发机构是技术不确定性向社会扩散的过渡点,焦点机构与其他主体之间由于价值追求的冲突而产生相关争议;（3）制度环境决定着技术不确定性扩散的方向,不完善的制度设计与制度执行容易导致对各主体利益保护的失衡。文章拓展并丰富了技术风险管理的理论研究,对实践中前沿生物技术的风险防范也具有一定的指导意义。     

Integrating knowledge transfer and computer-mediated communication: categorizing barriers and possible responses

Communication is at the heart of knowledge transfer (KT). But studies of KT barriers do not explicitly consider the relationship and impact of specific communication modalities on KT. The modalities of computer-mediated communication (CMC), namely email, Voice Over Internet Protocol, Instant Messaging (IM) and the like are generally viewed as a group ‘CMC’. In this paper, we analyze the KT literature to distill 21 key barriers to successful KT. These barriers are then categorized according to basic communication theory. We then examine leading theories of CMC and discuss how based on these theories individual CMC modalities can be applied to KT barriers. We conclude with a model that presents the categorized KT barriers in a communication channel model that can be addressed by CMC modalities and that can potentially break down those barriers.     

隐性知识转移、共享的激励机制研究

本文首先分析了隐性知识转移和共享过程中的激励困境。在此基础上,讨论了相关的激励机制设计方法,并提出一个模型。该模型从隐性度和系统化程度两个角度分解隐性知识的特点,讨论其对于内在激励和外在激励、以及对代理成本和企业竞争优势的意义,并考虑了激励机制设计的两个影响因素---绩效衡量困难程度和不确定性---对激励方案选择的影响。     

An interpretative model from the elasticity theory to explore knowledge integration in new product development

This paper presents a conceptual model to explore the knowledge integration (KI) practices of internal and external company actors involved in the New Product Development (NPD) process of the aerospace industry. The model is based on the linkage of elasticity principles, particularly Hooke’s Law, to Knowledge Management theory. KI practices are considered as a force pushing the NPD process and are metaphorically described as the spring addressed by Hooke’s law. The integration of the knowledge of internal and external company actors impacts NPD, reducing the dimensions of the whole process, in terms of phases, through the application of the concurrent engineering approach. The whole NPD process is improved in terms of the reduction of uncertainty and complexity, and with an ‘integrated energy’ that sustains the pressure of the fast-changing competitive environment. The model is explored to provide an interpretation of the conceptualisation phase of a new aerospace product development process. Qualitative data were collected and analysed. Insights regarding the applications of the model and the theoretical implications are also provided for applications in other industries.     

A sensemaking model of knowledge in organisations: a way of understanding knowledge management and the role of information technologies

The objective of the paper is to demonstrate how a sensemaking model of knowledge enables better and deeper understanding of knowledge management (KM) processes in organisations and the role of information technologies (IT) in these processes. Inspired and informed by a sensemaking view of organisations, the model identifies four types of knowledge, corresponding to four sensemaking levels: the individual, collective, organizational, and cultural. Each knowledge type, as the paper shows, is of different nature and has different characteristics but is constituted and affected by all other knowledge types. An organisation is thus seen as a ‘distributed knowledge system’ composed of numerous instances of these four knowledge types and their dynamic interplay. By drawing from three empirical studies, the paper illustrates how the sensemaking model of knowledge can be applied to investigate different ways companies (try to) manage knowledge and use IT-based systems to improve KM and ultimately company performance. A deeper understanding of these processes through the lens of the model reveals mechanisms and forces underlying KM phenomena that help explain why some processes were successful and others failed. The paper intends to make the following contributions: propose a theoretical framework of knowledge and KM in organizations, which is reasonably comprehensive and empirically grounded and also demonstrate its relevance and usefulness to both researchers and practitioners as they investigate and make sense of specific KM processes and IT applications in practice.     

我国行业性中介组织治理的公共政策

随着市场经济体制的逐渐确立和政府职能的不断转变,我国行业性中介组织发展迅速,但存在许多问题,行业性中介组织的发展已成为最受关注的理论和现实问题。本文从治理角度出发,借鉴国外经验,聚焦政府、行业性中介组织和企业三者之间所形成的治理结构及其机制,提出我国行业性中介组织治理的有关公共政策。     

组织和个体视角下的电子商务采纳研究评述

我国电子商务保持了高速发展的强劲势头,越来越多的企业认识到电子商务对所在行业和整个社会所产生的巨大冲击和影响,纷纷选择采纳这一新的技术和商业模式,而不同组织和个体在采纳电子商务上又有不同的出发点。本文拟基于组织和个体的视角,梳理对电子商务技术采纳影响因素的理论研究和实证研究的主要成果,并在此基础上认为差异化个体对组织电子商务技术采纳的影响将成为该领域进一步研究的关键。     

社会组织在现代社区建设中的功能解析

社会组织作为现代社区建设中具有重要影响力的组织,其发展日益受到人们的关注。该文以社会组织推动社区建设功能的理论基础为出发点,研究探索了社会组织在现代社区建设中的功能定位、发展趋势,对加强社会组织在社区建设中的作用发挥进行了对策性思考,具有重要深远的时代意义。     

Exploring payment behavior for live courses in social Q&A communities: An information foraging perspective

People are increasingly searching for information in social Q&A communities, especially through a new form of paid knowledge product, namely, live course. Such course provides a way for users to interact synchronously with content creators online. However, how this knowledge product is accepted and why users pay for it deserve attention from researchers. In this study, a research model was developed based on information foraging theory (IFT) and social information foraging (SIF) theory to analyze users’ information processing and evaluation when making payment decisions. Our research model was validated by collecting subjective and objective data from a Chinese social Q&A community that has been successful in offering live course services. We found that perceived quality of free content, perceived credibility of content creators, and perceived quantity of participants positively influence users’ willingness to pay, and thus, positively affects users’ payment behavior. Unexpectedly, social endorsement negatively moderates the relationship between willingness to pay and payment behavior. This study enhances the theoretical understanding of the drivers of users’ payment for live courses in social Q&A communities. For IS practice, our findings provide unique insights for community managers and content creators on how to operate paid knowledge products appropriately and effectively.     

战略管理知识特征对在华子公司绩效的影响研究

目前跨国公司的战略管理知识转移研究仍处于被忽视的状态,主要原因在于战略管理知识的概念界定不清,以及实际研究中操作难度高。本文以跨国公司在华子公司为研究对象,对战略管理知识的概念进行了重新界定,提出知识质量这一新概念,并构建了战略管理知识的隐性和专有性特征对在华子公司战略目标实现的作用机制。对132家在华子公司进行实证研究,并结合中国独特的市场环境进行理论探讨与解释,研究结果表明:战略管理知识特征对在华子公司战略目标实现的直接影响由于知识质量与吸收能力中介作用的存在而减弱,在统计上不显著;隐性和专有性都对知识质量有显著正向影响,然而只有专有性对吸收能力存在显著正向影响。