战略柔性、智力资本与双向开放式创新

在开放式创新背景下，战略柔性不再是一种亲力亲为的创新行为，而是要寻找和发现外部有价值的信息，与外部的创新主体组成动态交互的创新网络。基于建构主义资源观，从智力资本构建的视角，本研究探索战略柔性对双向开放式创新的影响过程。基于176份珠三角的IT企业数据的实证研究发现：（1）先动柔性和响应柔性对企业的双向开放式创新均存在显著正向影响；（2）先动柔性和响应柔性对企业智力资本的构建也均存在正向影响；（3）智力资本完全中介了响应柔性与内向型开放式创新之间的关系，而在先动柔性与双向开放式创新以及响应柔性与外向型开放式创新之间是部分中介作用。     

Analysing intellectual capital management and growth based on dynamic modelling

The management of intellectual capital (IC) resources increases organizational value creation capacities. The aim of this study is to present an algorithm for analysing IC management with an emphasis on the recognition and modelling of growth mechanisms for strategic resources. Intensive interactions among different tangible and intangible assets turn organizations into complex systems of highly interrelated resources; therefore, a systems approach is adopted, and a causal loop diagram is used to model resource interaction feedback structures. The development and analysis of the resource interactions model is explained through a practical algorithm that reveals different dimensions of resource deployment, including the potential value of resources, utilization of resources in key business processes, and mechanisms responsible for the sustained growth of strategic resources. The proposed algorithm was used to examine a telecommunication company. We show that there are no growth mechanisms for certain strategic resources. To activate the growth of such strategic resources, several feedback loops are recognized and related initiatives are proposed.     

A model of intellectual capital management capability in the dynamic business environment

This paper discusses the way in which intellectual capital (IC) can be managed to assist organization to overcome dynamic challenges. An intellectual capital management capability (ICMC) model is developed which permits the management of an organization to realize the potential of IC by measuring the maturity level of its IC. The model is consistent with dynamic capability theory, which suggests leveraging internal and external resources in response to environment changes to sustain competitive advantage. By utilizing in-depth interviews with 25 chief executive officers from firms possessing high IC, this study seeks to inform the readers of the preliminary work and the way in which the maturity level of ICMC can be measured through the development and deployment of dynamic capabilities. The verification and enhancement of the proposed model has also clarified our understanding on the evolutionary path of management capabilities of IC.     

The impact of outsourcing strategies on companies’ intellectual capital

The aim of the paper is to analyse the effect of outsourcing on the intellectual capital of firms in the current turbulent environment. In particular, the paper will analyse the difference between cost-driven and strategic-driven outsourcing and their impact on human and organisational/relational capital. In addition, the paper will stress the differences in outsourcing of manufacturing and service firms. We propose an approach of literature review in order to develop a model of outsourcing for enhanced intellectual capital utilisation and competitiveness. This methodology puts in evidence that there are very few studies/analysis that stress the link between strategic outsourcing and its potential to increase in particular relational capital due to cooperation of two or more firms. The outcomes of the application will result in a theoretical model that can assist researchers, managers and consultants to better understand the link between outsourcing and intellectual capital and competitive advantage.     

企业绩效角度的智力资本评估

本文的目的在于从绩效角度评估企业智力资本的量化模式。本文在总结了传统的评估模型基础上,采取了一个全新的视角——绩效角度来评估智力资本:利用动机、责任和工作满意度的近似指标来构建评估模式,建立了智力资本一体化管理体系的基础。该模式描述了企业发展、智力资本与员工绩效之间的相互关系,为管理者提供了有效的管理工具,并为后期研究及企业管理建立了基础。     

Influence of intellectual capital upon knowledge creation in Spanish subsidiaries: an empirical study

Knowledge creation is one of the most important dynamic capabilities that firms can use to develop new assets, which can represent the basis for future innovations. Within a context of growing globalisation, the acquisition and creation of knowledge is one of the main objectives sought with international expansion. The consideration of intellectual capital within the knowledge creation process in subsidiaries offers an innovative way to undertake knowledge management practices in multinationals. Theoretical and empirical works can be found in the literature about intellectual capital. However, very few studies link intellectual capital to knowledge creation in multinationals. Seeking to fill this gap, the purpose of this paper is to develop and test a model that includes the main intangibles belonging to structural and relational capital that can influence knowledge creation in Spanish subsidiaries of foreign multinational firms belonging to high-technology and knowledge-intensive sectors. Theoretical, empirical and managerial contributions result from this paper.     

基于学习的智力资本转换管理研究

现代企业战略性人力资源管理的目的,是增强企业员工的个体智力资本,将员工个体的知识和能力转移到企业系统中,促进组织智力资本增长,最终提高企业的竞争能力。据此,提出了基于学习的智力资本转换模型和智力资本转换过程的4个阶段,并结合具体案例分析了3种智力资本转换途径。组织为了有效地促进个体和团队智力资本向组织智力资本转换,还要提供一定的制度保证。     

信息技术投资、智力资本动态变化与企业绩效

本文结合新一代信息技术的基本特征,利用2010-2015年中国A股上市公司数据,实证检验了信息技术投资通过激发智力资本的动态变化从而提升企业绩效的中介作用机制。研究发现：智力资本动态变化是信息技术投资与企业经营绩效之间的完全中介,是信息技术投资与企业市场绩效之间的部分中介。进一步分析发现：当今信息技术投资能显著促进人力资本和结构资本的动态变化。相对于欠发达地区企业,发达地区企业中智力资本动态变化的中介效应更加明显。最后,基于研究结果提出了相应的政策建议。     

智力资本、动态能力与企业持续竞争优势的关系研究

基于资源基础观,探讨在动态环境下,企业智力资本如何作用于企业持续竞争优势,以及企业动态能力在其中的作用.提出智力资本、动态能力与企业持续竞争优势模型,探讨智力资本三要素(人力资本、结构资本和关系资本)如何影响企业动态能力的形成,进而探讨动态能力和企业持续竞争优势的关系.     

制度资本能助力高科技企业成长吗?

针对经济转型背景下的企业制度资本对高科技企业成长的影响问题,本研究以北京、上海、广州、深圳等地的466家高新技术企业为研究对象,采用调查问卷的方法搜集了样本数据,将企业智力资本作为调节变量,分析了制度资本（正式制度资本和非正式制度资本）、智力资本与企业成长之间的关系。研究表明：正式制度资本与高科技企业成长之间呈现显著的下凸正向关系;非正式制度资本与高科技企业成长之间呈现显著的上凸正向关系;企业智力资本越多,正式制度资本与高科技企业成长构成的增长曲线下凸越明显,而非正式制度与高科技企业成长构成的增长缺陷上凸越明显。相关结论能为中国高科技企业在成长过程中进行战略决策时提供理论支撑和决策参考。     

智力资本理论对知识员工管理的启示

在知识经济时代,知识或智力资本已成为组织创造价值的投入要素和核心资产。但在公司管理实践中明显存在一种“知识悖论”,即公司认识到知识的战略价值,但却没有战略性地来管理知识。本文对如何协调企业智力资本管理的理论与实践从而实现“一致性”方面做了一些基础性工作。文章首先介绍了企业智力资本的一般理论;然后总结了知识员工的需求特征;第三,探讨了不同层次的智力资本管理;最后给出了知识员工管理的一个简明框架。     

知识型企业智力资本结构维度研究——基于知识创造过程的实证分析

智力资本已经成为知识型企业成功的关键因素,本研究在多层次行为问卷调查的基础上,通过探索性因素、验证性因素分析和结构方程建模方法检验了知识型企业智力资本的结构维度,以及知识创造过程对智力资本的影响机制。本实证研究表明:知识型企业智力资本更倾向于四维结构,同时创造过程积极影响知识型企业智力资本的形成,这对于清晰界定知识型企业智力资本内涵和建构定量化的智力资本测量模型具有积极参考价值。     

风险投资声誉、智力资本与企业价值

风险资本与智力资本的有效协同能够实现创业企业知识、资本、管理与创新的完美结合,而拥有高声誉背景的风投在利用其经验和广泛的社会关系帮助企业快速成长方面作用更加突出。本文将创业企业的智力资本划分为人力资本、结构资本、创新资本与社会资本四个组成部分,基于风险投资声誉的视角,探讨风险资本与智力资本的协同关系。结果显示：高声誉风险投资在创业企业人力资本和结构资本两方面的协同效应并不显著,而与创新资本和社会资本两方面的协同效应突出,尤其与社会资本的协同效应能够显著提升创业企业的内在价值。该结论表明高声誉的风险投资机构亟需对目标企业的人力资源、战略规划等方面积极关注,并提供更多的增值服务。     

Prioritization of intellectual capital indicators in knowledge-based industries: Evidence from pharmaceutical industry

During the last decade, intellectual capital (IC) and intangible assets have been widely considered as critical tool to deliver successful business in an intensive-knowledge environment. Accordingly, the main goal of this paper is therefore to develop and prioritize the most important indicators of intellectual capital in knowledge-based industries. Based on an extensive literature review, a valid and reliable questionnaire was designed. In order to data gathering, it was sent out to participants from both academic and university who qualified well in pharmaceutical practice. In order to exact prioritization of indicators, fuzzy TOPSIS technique as a MADM model was used. The fuzzy TOPSIS results revealed participants remark high concerns especially about knowledge and skills of managers and employees regarding to human capital, high concerns particularly about positive climate, ratio of investment in R&D and numbers of R&D projects according to structural capital, while considering the relational capital, more attention was paid to customers and strategic cooperation such as alliances and licensing.     

高技术企业创业智力资本结构验证性因素分析

 智力资本是一种重要的组织知识资产。本研究将智力资本概念引入技术创业研究中，采用多层次问卷测量法，开发和检验高技术企业创业智力资本结构模型，以更好地反映高技术企业创业智力资本概念构思，并指出创业智力资本的积累和变化显著影响创业成长。     

基于“可转债”的知识产权证券化模式设计——武汉知识产权交易所的实践探索与困惑

在知识产权对经济增长贡献度不断提高的背景下,挖掘知识产权资本潜力成为新趋势。探索知识产权证券化不仅符合国家政策导向,更是符合中国(湖北)自由贸易试验区战略定位的宗旨。目前国内已出现不同的知识产权证券化模式,尚未形成统一标准。武汉知识产权交易所作为国家平台,针对科技型中小企业融资难的现状探索知识产权证券化路径,将其设计成"科技可转债",这是基于我国当下并没有能使欧美模式成功移植的市场环境与法律制度的考量。"科技可转债"符合证券化的本质特征,亦在中国证券市场实践中有迹可循。然而,"科技可转债"的落地遇到了法律与其他规范性文件层面的若干障碍。这些障碍如何破除,迫切需要学术界和实务界的关注,以促进我国知识产权证券化的开展。     

京沪粤三大中心城市知识资本发展态势的时序分析

知识已然成为推动社会经济发展的关键资源,知识资本的投入已成为城市发展的原动力。然而知识资本的表现形式以及对社会经济的影响程度还亟待深入分析。本文以Bounfour提出的知识资本动态价值模型(IC-DVAL)为基础,构建我国城市知识资本水平计量模型,通过上海、北京与广州2000—2009年间的10年数据,对比和分析三城市知识资本发展状况以及差距,并提出发展建议。     

知识传导与知识网络中知识资本结构优化方法

知识网络中的知识增长作用要素中,知识资本是具有战略重要性的要素之一,因此对其价值测度和结构优化成为知识网络研究的重要方面。我们研究将知识存量和脑力劳动投入统一在网络节点下考虑,认为知识网络中的知识资本=知识节点+节点间的关系。在此基础上,探讨了知识资本结构与知识传导的关系,并利用知识网络中的类C-D函数作为知识增长生产函数,进而建立了模型。模型利用边际产量、产出弹性得出各知识集群相对价值,从而测度其价值并优化结构。最后还对模型的应用作了说明及相关的拓展,发现了提高知识节点生产率的四种途径,知识资本结构与知识传导路径的关系。     

Intellectual capital and organizational organic structure in knowledge society: How are these concepts related?

This paper seeks to investigate the relationship between organizational organic structure and intellectual capital improvement. Researches show that the organic structure and intellectual capital have a strong relationship but this relationship has not been examined systematically. This paper reviews the important theoretical work in both streams of research, highlighting the fundamental similarities and differences. Models of intellectual capital are compared, and the distinction between social, human and organizational capital is examined. The nature of organizational organic structure is presented. We examine the relationship between organic structure and intellectual capital improvement. Then the impact of organic structure on information management and information processing capability is examined.The results support the view that organic structure has a positive impact on intellectual capital. Therefore, the organic structure can improve intellectual capital in the organization.This study helps managers to design flexible and dynamic organizational structures to enhance the intellectual capital in the organization and increase the ability to compete.     

资源拼凑与中小企业创新:智力资本的中介作用

既有研究表明面临资源短缺的中小企业能够通过资源拼凑实现创新，然而其并未揭示资源拼凑促进创新的作用过程和机制。基于组织学习理论的视角，本文构建了智力资本（人力资本、组织资本、社会资本）在资源拼凑到创新过程中的中介模型，并基于珠三角地区200家中小企业的数据进行了检验。研究结果表明智力资本部分中介了资源拼凑到创新的关系：资源拼凑在直接促进创新的同时，也间接通过提升企业的智力资本促进创新。在理论上，本研究揭示了资源拼凑对创新的作用过程和机理，弥补了已有研究的不足；在实践上，本研究为面临资源短缺的中小企业如何克服资源短缺，提升智力资本，进而推动创新提供了重要参考。