The impact on innovation performance of different sources of knowledge: Evidence from the UK Community Innovation Survey

This paper considers two main categories of knowledge sources and their impact on the innovation performance of enterprises: own-generation through R&D versus knowledge transfers via bought-in resources for innovation purposes, external collaborations on R&D, and internal sources within the company. The national and international dimensions of both internal networks and external collaborative agreements are explored, as is the interaction between R&D and other sources. Data from two UK Community Innovation Surveys allow for the lagging of relevant variables. Our results suggest that, while intra-company knowledge sources, own-generation, and bought-in R&D matter in innovation performance, the benefits of joint innovation efforts in the form of cooperation are less clear. The international dimension of internal networks is highly relevant, and interactions between the own-generation of knowledge and external sources increase the innovation potential of enterprises.     

转型期产业创新的知识来源特征分析

当后发国家产业由追赶向领先转型时,会遇到知识获取来源的选择矛盾。本文从产业总体创新和战略创新两个维度,通过对国家间专利引文的因子分析与聚类分析,考察中国电信产业转型期的知识来源特征演变。研究发现:中国电信产业接近创新前沿后,技术创新的知识来源随之复杂化,例如,对领先国家、本国及其他后发国家的技术知识采取了融合利用的方式。此外,不同维度的产业创新享有区别显著的知识来源构成。     

完善高等学校的知识创新体系——迎接知识经济的挑战

随着现代科学技术的迅猛发展,特别是以信息、通讯技术为代表的高技术产业的发展、计算机的普及、因特网的出现与网络化,通讯与计算机的数字化等,导致了工业社会的结构调整和重新组合,促进了经济结构知识化程度的提高。世界各国经济发展比以往任何时候都更依赖于知识的生产、扩散和应用,知识和技术在经济增长中的重要作用愈来愈引起人们的重视。冷战结束后,国家间的竞争也转变为经济竞争,集中表现在对一体化国际市场的占有、国家的创新能力和可持续发展能力等方面,其决定因素是知识和技术的创新。创新已成为实现经济增长的驱动器。有人预言在…     

Learning,innovation and firm performance: knowledge management in small firms

This study aims to examine the relationships between managerial learning as a facet of knowledge absorption (KA), firm innovation as a facet of knowledge exploitation (KE), and performance of small firms (i.e., firms with fewer than 50 employees). It builds on the knowledge-based view of the firm and the upper echelons theory to describe the effects of KA on KE, and that of KE on firm performance, in the small-firm context. Using survey data of 1441 small firms in New Zealand, the study applies a partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling to test the main hypotheses of the study. The main findings show the positive and significant effects of three types of managerial learning, namely, practice-based, proximal, and distal learning, on innovation and on innovation in firm performance. However, the curvilinear relationships suggest rather that the effects are finite and, potentially, confounded by factors unaccounted for in the models.     

探索性学习、挖掘性学习和创新绩效

 本研究基于March提出的探索性学习和挖掘性学习及其平衡理论,提出了在开放式创新模式下,两类学习的协同及其它们对创新绩效的共同促进作用,并进而分析了环境动荡性在其中的调控效应。最后,基于大样本问卷调查对假设进行了实证研究。     

Management innovation and firm performance: the mediating effects of tacit and explicit knowledge

This paper examines the role of tacit and explicit knowledge in translating management innovation into firm performance in Japanese companies. While past research has been inconsistent on the role of management innovation on firm performance, this research considers how management innovation in organizations can promote tacit and/or explicit knowledge creation, and whether this leads to higher firm performance. This research uses a questionnaire survey of employees of Japanese firms and applies conditional process analysis. There was no direct effect of management innovation onto firm performance, and that instead, both tacit and explicit knowledge fully mediated the relationship between management innovation and firm performance. While management innovation programs by themselves did not directly increase firm performance, the alignment of these programs with knowledge management initiatives enhanced performance. This highlights the need for management innovation that first considers the type of knowledge needed for enhanced performance. Previous research did not consider the role of knowledge as a means to translate management innovation into firm performance. This paper uncovers the mediating role of knowledge, potentially elucidating past inconclusive results.     

怎样提高静脉穿刺的临床体会

掌握静脉穿刺的熟练程度是检验护士工作的标准之一，怎样提高静脉穿刺技术是每个护理人员必须注重的课题。本文从静脉的选择、穿刺技巧、穿刺体会以及提高心理素质方面做了经验总结，实用性和操作比较强，供大家共同学习提高。     

从共享到原创:自主性技术创新中的知识演化

从知识论角度看,企业的自主性技术创新是在原有知识基础上的知识创造活动。伴随着新产品、新工艺的出现,技术创新中所需要的各类知识也经历了一个从难言到明言,在流动中实现企业组织的共享,在共享中对知识加以整合,从而生成原创性知识的演化过程。     

OEM的突围之路——浅析学习行为准则对知识获取及创新的影响

研究中国OEM企业如何通过学习型组织的七大行为准则来获取委托生产方的知识,促进创新,并最终找到适合自己的突围之路.研究表明,"系统联结"和"战略领导"两大行为准则奠定了知识获取的基础;"调查对话"和"授权"更有利于隐性知识的获取;"持续学习"、"合作与学习"以及"嵌入式组织"更有利于显性知识的荻取.而隐性知识的获取和显性知识的获取会分别催生突变式创新和渐进式创新.     

知识型企业人力资本对创新绩效的影响研究——基于知识管理能力视角

人力资本在知识型企业创新绩效中起关键性作用。本文基于知识要素构成角度将人力资本分为显性人力资本和隐性人力资本,从知识管理能力的视角,研究了人力资本与创新绩效之间的关系,首次提出知识管理能力的中介作用和调节效应,建立了中介调节假设模型。通过实证分析结果表明: 显、隐性人力资本及其交互对创新绩效具有显著的正向影响,且后者作用大于前者;知识管理能力在人力资本与创新绩效之间具有部分中介作用,在显隐人力资本交互与创新绩效之间具有完全中介作用;知识共享对隐性人力资本与创新绩效关系具有显著的调节作用,知识创造对显性人力资本与创新绩效关系的调节作用不显著。本研究为知识型企业在创新发展过程中的人力资本管理与知识管理提供一定的借鉴与指导。     

企业网络关系嵌入与技术创新绩效关系的实证研究——知识获取的中介作用

基于对相关理论的梳理,构建关系嵌入、知识获取和技术创新绩效之间的理论研究框架,以189家企业为样本,运用结构方程模型探讨关系嵌入、知识获取和技术创新绩效之间的关系。结果显示,关系嵌入对知识获取有显著的正向影响;关系强度对技术创新绩效有显著的影响,但关系质量对技术创新绩效没有明显的作用;知识获取在关系嵌入和技术创新绩效之间有完全中介作用;知识获取对技术创新绩效有显著的正向影响。     

Analysis of sources of innovation, technological innovation capabilities, and performance: An empirical study of Hong Kong manufacturing industries

The concept of the regional innovation system (RIS) has been developed into an important framework for evaluating innovation performance. The study reported in this paper explores the relationship between the RIS and the firm's innovation system (FIS) according to the basic premise that firms that better utilize sources of information (SI) available within their regional innovation system (RIS) perform better due effect this has in enhancing the firm's technological innovation capabilities (TICs). The different innovation capabilities of a firm are regarded as the key components of the firm's innovation system. The sources of information available within an RIS include external sources (EXT) and external expert organizations, the latter of which are referred to as knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS). This study also explores the dual role of KIBS as both sources of and bridges for innovation in the RIS. Data were obtained through a mailed survey using a self-administered questionnaire. The utilization concept and the dual role of KIBS were verified. The results show that externally available information affects all innovation capabilities of the firm, while external expert organizations affect only the firm's R&D and resources allocation capabilities. This study contributes to the RIS literature by providing empirical evidence on how firms can interact with the RIS by utilizing SI to enhance their TICs and achieve global competitiveness.     

推动风险投资发展,提高自主创新能力

总结了我国风险投资现状及所起的作用;分析了当前我国风险投资面临的重大发展机遇,特别是实施自主创新战略带来的巨大的发展空间;提出了发展风险投资、促进自主创新能力提升的五项对策。     

民营企业社会资本对创新绩效的影响——基于知识管理视角

针对靠"社会关系"和以某种机会起家、发展的民营企业,10年后大多数倒闭的现象,研究其社会资本在知识管理为中介作用下对创新绩效的影响及作用机理;根据企业生命周期各阶段的需要层次不同,关注社会资本类别、知识管理与创新的程度不同,将民营企业成立分为10年上下2个阶段,建立结构方程模型比较研究与实证,得出有意义的结论。     

知识溢出与集群创新绩效:竞争程度调节效应

文章以集群企业间竞争程度为调节变量,以创新协同效应和创新抑制效应为中介变量剖析了知识溢出对集群创新的影响机理。通过数理分析和实证检验得到如下结论:一方面知识溢出促进了集群的创新协同从而对创新具有正效应,另一方面知识溢出具有创新抑制效应从而对集群创新具有负效应,集群企业间竞争程度负向调节了知识溢出的创新协同效应,正向调节了知识溢出的创新抑制效应。     

团队差序氛围对团队创新绩效的影响机制研究——知识转移的视角

 整合差序格局理论与团队创新理论,基于知识转移视角,构建了团队差序氛围与团队创新绩效的概念模型,并通过选取本土企业项目团队主管及其直接下属的421个配对样本,运用层级回归分析对假设进行验证。研究结果发现,团队差序氛围与知识共享及团队创新绩效显著负相关,知识共享与团队创新绩效显著正相关,知识共享对团队差序氛围与团队创新绩效之间的关系起部分中介作用,而知识转移渠道对团队差序氛围与团队创新绩效之间关系起负向调节作用。相关结论对本土管理者从团队差序氛围的角度考虑团队创新绩效的提升,具有一定的借鉴和指导意义。     

从“到哪里学习”转向“向谁学习”——专业知识搜寻战略对新创集群企业创新绩效的影响

 从强调“到哪里学习”转向重视“向谁学习”,从强调大公司的作用转向重视新创企业的力量,是促进产业集群升级的新思路。通过将创业和创新搜寻理论引入产业集群研究,以浙江省新创集群企业为对象,本文实证检验了专业知识搜寻战略对新创集群企业创新绩效的影响。研究发现,新创集群企业采取着竞争广度和深度、合作广度和深度、业外广度和深度等六种专业知识搜寻战略,不同的搜寻战略对企业创新绩效产生了不同的影响,竞争广度与深度、业外深度三种搜寻战略有助于产品创新,竞争广度和合作深度两种搜寻战略有助于市场创新。论文最后简要讨论和总结了相关理论贡献和实践启示。     

科研团队双元领导与创新绩效

摘要：双元领导是组织行为与人力资源管理领域的新兴热点研究命题,其在科研团队背景下的适用性和作用效果值得进一步探讨。基于知识管理的视角,构建了“一松一紧”双元领导不同强度的组合构型,即“高-高”、“低-低”,“高-低”和“低-高”,并探讨其与团队创新绩效的作用机制。研究发现：第一,松式领导和紧式领导强度的一致性程度越高,越有利于激发团队隐性知识共享;在二者一致性程度较高时,“高-高”组合对于隐性知识共享的正向作用要比“低-低”组合更强;第二,隐性知识共享在“一松一紧”双元领导组合构型和团队创新速度和创新质量关系中起到中介作用;第三,团队规模调节“一松一紧”双元领导组合构型和团队隐性知识共享间的关系,高团队规模强化了双元领导组合构型对隐性知识共享的正向作用。     

网络能力、网络地位与创新绩效——产业控制力来源的另一个视角

分析了企业网络能力、创新绩效以及网络地位之间的关系。认为企业的网络能力大小影响着其在网络中获得各种资源的速度、数量,从而引致其在网络中地位的变化。应用SEM模型对240家国内企业的调查数据进行了实证分析,结果显示,网络能力与创新绩效的交互作用对网络地位具有显著的正向影响。研究表明,利用网络资源的能力能够有助于企业获得较高的网络地位,进而拥有产业控制力。     

复杂产品系统创新的知识管理:以GX公司为例

复杂产品系统在现代经济和社会扮演着越来越重要的角色。而在以知识、信息为特征的新经济社会中,知识管理大大促进了企业技术创新的开展,是提升企业竞争力的有力保证。本文立足于复杂产品系统与规模制造产品的不同之处,对复杂产品系统创新中如何进行知识管理进行了探讨。