组织知识创新管理基础的结构方程分析与实证

以基于共享心智模型的组织知识创新管理为研究对象,以我国上海、浙江、江苏三地区30家企业120个专门性的组织结构为样本来源,检验了组织知识创新管理中组织共享心智模型作用的各种前因与后果。检验结果表明,组织共享心智模型中的组织隐性知识共享水平与组织内在价值意义共享水平对组织知识创新能力的开发、组织知识创新战略的内在有机集成、组织知识创新成果的内部传播效率皆具有较显著的促进作用,而组织学习、交叉培训、经验交流、组织文化以及组织激励机制等因素则分别构成了组织共享心智模型形成过程中的重要影响前因。研究结论为今后更进一步地探明组织知识创新管理的内在运作机制提供了一个新视角,也为当前各级组织加强自身内在隐性知识资源的开发指明了一个具体的方向。     

知识治理：源起、前沿研究与理论框架

知识治理是指从组织战略出发、运用一系列治理手段作用于知识活动、以实现组织目标的组织安排,其强调提升知识过程的组织能力。知识治理超越了知识管理的范畴,为组织与知识之间的衔接提供了一种新的理论解释。当前知识治理仍处于研究初期,急需对知识治理的概念内涵和理论架构形成一致认识,以搭建知识治理的理论框架。因此,本文运用文献分析法对国内外知识治理相关文献进行了梳理,对知识治理的源起、理论基础以及内容要素方面的前沿研究进行了系统分析,在此基础上构建了包含知识目标、知识治理手段、原则、对象与绩效的知识治理研究框架,并展望了未来的研究方向,以期为知识治理研究的深入探讨提供导引。     

各主体层次知识资本化模式:多重案例研究

在个人、团队和组织知识向知识资本的转化过程中,存在许多模式影响着知识资本化的效果,各主体层次知识的资本化模式一直是企业知识管理研究的重点。基于对相关的理论解释和研究命题,本文挑选具有代表性的六个企业作为研究对象,采用多重案例研究方法,通过对这六个企业跨案例的对比分析,验证并识别个人、团队和组织知识资本化模式。其研究结果表明:个人知识资本化的模式包括培训、干中学和教育投资;团队知识资本化的模式包括团队会议、团队规范、团队互动、团队构成;组织知识资本化的模式包括组织支持、组织结构、组织文化、组织制度、信息技术。     

Knowledge management and communication in Brazilian agricultural research: An integrated procedural approach

The great contemporary organizational challenge for enterprises is to create a conceptual and methodological framework allows the management of knowledge by means of networks designed for social interaction. This statement is based on the premise that the competitive drive and sustainable success of the company depend on the introduction of new forms of production innovative processes, which can only be ensured through integrated approaches to knowledge management and the incorporation information technologies (IT). This is a reality that has already been accepted by the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa, its acronym in Portuguese), a Brazilian research, development, and innovation (RD&I) institution supporting agricultural sector. For some years now, Embrapa has been incorporating what it has learned about knowledge management into its strategic planning process. In this paper, we present a new approach to managing knowledge and information, and we analyze the need for research institutions to administer the knowledge they produce through an RD&I management model based multi- and inter-disciplinary teams, and multi-institutional research networks.     

组织网络化中的知识共享--一个基于知识链的分析

“组织网络化”是组织理论研究中关于组织发展和组织创新的一个新兴研究领域,其中有关知识共享的研究更是引起人们的普遍关注。基于对于组织知识链及其特征的分析,阐述了组织网络化中的知识共享机制,并探讨了构建有助于知识共享的组织文化的若干路径。     

How knowledge assets lead to a sustainable competitive advantage: are organizational capabilities a missing link?

Even though knowledge assets have been widely recognized as the principal drivers of firm's competitive advantage, few are the frameworks that have explained how these strategic assets are transformed into value and how the value creation process occurs. Also there is a confusing terminology in the literature surrounding many concepts explaining the dynamics of value creation. By conducting a Systematic Review – an evidence-based methodology for theory building – this paper seeks to define a ‘common language’ of the concepts used to explain this phenomenon, and build the assumptions of a theoretical model that explains how knowledge assets, through learning mechanisms, are linked, renewed, and leveraged into socio-technical processes or organizational routines, that in turn form the basis of organizational capabilities. As they are socially constructed, these organizational capabilities, when leveraged into products and services, generate value and provide firms with a sustainable competitive advantage and long-term superior performance. The model should therefore serve as a theoretical contribution to the literature and it has a further potential benefit to begin an inquiry, for both theory building and management, about the nature of firm's knowledge assets and organizational capabilities, and the sources of sustainable competitive advantage. Some of these avenues are outlined in this paper.     

特大型科技(工程)项目组织动态知识集成优化管理能力模型研究

知识集成在企业已经得到成功的运用,取得了较大的经济和社会效益,已经引起了项目管理界的高度关注。知识集成以及组织知识集成能力已是特大型科技(工程)项目迫切解决的关键问题,目前处于刚刚起步阶段。论文以特大型科技(工程)项目组织知识集成优化能力模型为主要研究对象,深刻分析了知识获取、知识转化、知识应用等特大型科技(工程)项目知识集成过程,并引入知识"场"分析其对知识共享的作用机理,以及信息技术、组织氛围、领导支持等特大型科技(工程)项目知识集成影响环境,建立了特大型科技(工程)项目组织知识集成优化能力模型。该模型对于特大型科技(工程)项目如期实施,优化工程项目的资源,提高项目管理的成功率具有重要的参考价值。     

基于情境和知识集成的水资源调度流程的知识管理框架研究

水资源调度流程与其知识管理集成,能实现在正确的时间点、以正确的形式、把正确的知识传递给正确的水资源调度管理者,从而有效提高水资源调度管理水平。本文首先对水资源调度过程中信息采集、制定调度方案、组织调度、实施调度的知识管理需求进行分析,结合知识情境和知识管理的关系,提出用情境和知识集成的管理水资源调度流程,以此来实现水资源调度流程与知识管理的集成;其次并对知识建模技术、知识识别获取技术和知识检索技术等水资源调度流程和知识管理集成的关键技术进行探讨;然后在南水北调东线一期工程运营体制分析的基础上,基于情境和知识集成构建了南水北调东线一期工程调度的知识管理框架,该框架由两个信息系统和四个管理层面构成。     

基于国外博士学位论文的知识管理研究热点及趋势

以PQDT数据库中1984-2013年间共729篇国外知识管理领域博士学位论文为研究对象,采用Excel、SPSS软件进行共词分析、聚类分析和战略坐标图分析。结果显示：国外知识管理领域博士论文的研究主要集中在9个方面,其中知识形态研究、信息技术与知识管理系统研究、组织学习与战略管理研究是核心热点,企业创新与资本研究处于成熟研究区域,人工智能与决策支持研究处于研究的边缘位置,电子商务与知识整合研究、知识管理方式研究、知识管理应用研究有可能成为新的研究热点,组织文化研究具有发展为核心研究热点的潜力。     

An eduction model of disciplinary emergence: the ripples of knowledge management

Using the field of knowledge management, this paper examines how discourses form and evolve from the perspective of eduction (a type of reasoning that involves extracting principles from data). Conceptual development within a discipline depends on concepts borrowed from other disciplines through the interaction of two multifaceted, interwoven processes: the scientific process and the social process. On the basis of a citation analysis, this paper illustrates how this interaction creates two distinct episodes of eduction that coexist and evolve in parallel. The concept of eduction does not separate the effects of the social process from the scientific process and realistically assumes that both processes are necessary. Thus, collaborative interests expand and contract, leading to the development of the discipline from other disciplines, while simultaneously establishing its own foundations. This study has implications for understanding how other discourses emerge, diffuse their ideas, and shape new fields and for understanding interdisciplinary interactions.     

科技查新领域的信息化问题研究

科技查新信息化是时代趋势。科技查新技术的发展、查新机构业务流程的管理、查新档案资源的开发利用以及查新行业新生态的建立构成了多层面的、分阶段的信息化内涵。调查发现,我国在查新机构信息门户建设、查新公共服务平台建设、查新商业数据库建设、查新信息化学术研究等方面均已取得了不少的进展。在新的信息环境下,针对当前科技查新信息化中存在的问题,需要从信息资源、服务文化、管理组织、服务评价等各个方面进行探索和实践,推动科技查新信息化的健康发展。     

The emergence of entrepreneurship as an academic field: A personal essay on institutional entrepreneurship

The academic field of entrepreneurship research has grown from groups of isolated scholars doing research on small businesses to an international community of departments, institutes, and foundations promoting research on new and high-growth firms. Growth has produced increasingly systematic and interconnected knowledge and growing numbers of knowledge producers and knowledge users share core concepts, principles, and research methods, and a handful of highly cited scholars have emerged as thought leaders within research subfields. The field is increasingly formalized and anchored in a small set of intellectual bases, although there are also some signs of differentiation and fragmentation. Using an institutional theory perspective and drawing upon my experience in the field, I explore six forces creating the institutional infrastructure. First, social networking mechanisms have created a social structure facilitating connections between researchers. Second, publication opportunities have increased dramatically. Third, training and mentoring has moved to a collective rather than individual apprenticeship model. Fourth, major foundations and many other smaller funding sources have changed the scale and scope of entrepreneurship research. Fifth, new mechanisms have emerged that recognize and reward individual scholarship, reinforcing the identity of entrepreneurship research as a field and attracting new scholars into it. Sixth, globalizing forces have affected all of these trends. I conclude with some thoughts about the consequences of these developments with regard to the giving of practical and timely advice to entrepreneurs, the effects of American hegemony on choices of research topics and methods, and the possible loss of theoretical eclecticism.     

组织知识转化中的动态管理:基于MAX信任拓展模型的分析

组织知识转化是个人知识通过转移和共享等方式形成组织智力的过程．从社会交换理论出发,阐明知识转化存在四种模式,而知识管理实践正是不断地由自发模式向竞争、合作和利他等三种模式发展．在行为理论指引下,进一步探讨了信任在组织知识转化系统中的表现形式和动力机制,提出MAX信任拓展模型,代表了三种知识交易方式：市场型,权威型和X型．在这个框架下对包括知识特征、个人、组织和技术等方面知识转化的情景因素,进行多层次探讨以及数理分析．为实现动态管理提供了相应的人力资源策略．     

知识管理在航空新产品开发中的应用研究/FONT

回顾了国内外关于知识管理理论及知识管理与新产品开发绩效关系方面的研究成果,提出了航空新产品开发中组织要素、知识管理活动和新产品开发绩效之间关系的概念模型和理论假设,基于对航空企业和科研院所的问卷调查数据进行了定量的实证研究。结果表明：知识管理活动的各维度对新产品开发绩效有显著影响;组织结构、组织文化对知识管理活动有显著影响,但IT工具对知识管理活动的影响则不显著,限制IT工具发挥作用的主要原因是其使用的不便利性;组织要素的各维度对新产品开发绩效有显著影响。这些研究结果可以为航空企业或科研院所在推进知识管理时应采取的策略提供有益的参考。     

员工创新行为触发系统分析及管理启示

创造潜质是一般人的本质特点，员工创造力及创新行为是组织创新的源泉和起点。通过构建KTMT触发系统理论模型，分析了知识、思维、动机以及时间四要素如何影响员工创新行为，并提出组织应该加强组织学习、知识管理、培训、创新文化、授权管理、薪酬与福利、激励性承诺、目标管理等人力资源管理实践以促进员工创新行为触发系统的形成。     

数据、信息、知识与智慧

知识管理是目前管理领域研究的热点之一。知识管理的对象是人类对客观事物认识的结果,这些结果可以分为数据、信息、知识和智慧等。认清数据、信息、知识和智慧的概念及它们之间的关系是建立与运行知识管理系统的前提。本文分析、归纳了国内外一些学者对数据、信息、知识和智慧的定义,提出了作者对这些概念的理解和认识,并对它们之间的关系进行了详细分析。本文认为数据、信息、知识和智慧之间具有本质的区别,是非连续的,它们各自处于不同的认识层次。数据、信息、知识和智慧之间的联系在于前者是后面的基础与前提,而后者是前者的发展并对前者的获取具有一定的影响。     

从个体吸收能力到组织吸收能力的演化——以知识共享为中介

吸收能力是如何从个体层次上升到组织层次的，一直是理论关注的焦点。与既往研究采取相对静态的解释视角不同，本研究基于个体间互动的视角，提出个体间知识共享是由个体吸收能力向组织吸收能力演化的中介变量，通过运用275家企业数据的实证检验，本研究部分证实了这一假设。同时，实证结果还表明，知识交流平台和组织共同愿景正向影响个体间知识共享绩效，组织决策集中化程度负向影响组织吸收能力。本研究在理论上揭示了由个体吸收能力向组织吸收能力演化的内在机制，研究结论对于指导企业提升吸收能力具有现实指导意义。     

网络化管理模式的发展引起的管理创新

以网络经济为时代背景,通过分析网络技术和信息技术对管理的影响,提出了管理创新的新思想－网络化管理,并在此基础上详细论述了网络化与管理在理念,组织结构,手段和文化四个领域的创新。文章对研究新经济条件下的管理创新具有一定的指导意义。     

Chinese Business Process Re-engineering

The popularity of business process re-engineering (BPR) and its international diffusion from the United States make it important to understand the influence of cultural factors on this concept. The global economic prominence of the Chinese and their distinctive cultural characteristics prompted our study of Chinese business process re-engineering. This article addresses a large gap in the Chinese management literature and is intended to help those who are managing organizations or marketing information technology (IT) products and related services in Greater China. We systematically compare IT-enabled change in the American and Chinese business cultures. Informal planning and process modelling, highly interdependent social and organizational relationships with ingrained hierarchies, and the prevailing attitudes towards information management and organizational change will shape the preparation for IT-enabled process innovation efforts as well as the design and implementation of IT-enhanced business process models in Chinese organizations.     

‘Think of others’ in knowledge management: making culture work for you

Knowledge management has an important role to play in both organizational and national cultures. In order to have a paradigm shift from a knowledge hoarding to a more knowledge-sharing culture, knowledge management should be used as part of the human capital strategy for the organization. The impact of culture on knowledge management has been studied widely, but little has been written on how knowledge management can affect organizational culture. This paper provides a thought-piece on addressing this overlooked area.