A multilevel model for effects of social capital and knowledge sharing in knowledge-intensive work teams

Although it is a widely held belief that social capital facilitates knowledge sharing among individuals, there is little research that has deeply investigated the impacts of social capital at different levels on an individual's knowledge sharing behavior. To address this research gap, this study combines a multilevel approach and an optimal network configuration view to investigate the multilevel effects of social capital on individuals’ knowledge sharing in knowledge intensive work teams. This study makes a distinction between the social capital at the team-level and that of social capital at the individual level to examine their cross-level and direct effects on an individual's sharing of explicit and tacit knowledge. A survey involving 343 participants in 47 knowledge-intensive teams was conducted for testing the multilevel model. The results reveal that social capital at both levels jointly influences an individual's explicit and tacit knowledge sharing. Further, when individuals possess a moderate betweenness centrality and the whole team holds a moderate network density, team members’ knowledge sharing can be maximized. These findings offer a more comprehensive and precise understanding of the multilevel impacts of social capital on team members’ knowledge sharing behavior, thus contributing to the social capital theory, as well as knowledge management research and practices.     

情报共享困境及其消解:社会困境理论的视角

[研究目的]情报共享是促进情报资源合理配置,提高其利用率的重要途径。特定领域的情报共享对于维护社会治安秩序和国家安全稳定都具有重要意义。但情报共享困境切实存在,研究情报共享困境的消解之道实有必要。[研究方法]从社会心理学的角度出发,使用社会困境理论作为分析研究框架,首先对情报共享困境的既有解释进行了类型化区分,继而引出社会困境理论及其在情报共享领域的适用可能性,情报共享社会困境的结构和基本类型。在此基础上,提出情报共享困境的消解之道。[研究结论]研究发现,情报共享是一种典型的社会困境,具有特定的构成元素与类型。其消解之道在于通过职业荣誉感和行业惩戒等激励措施引导情报共享;培育社交性文化和团结性文化降低情报共享的“社会不确定性”等。     

多元视角下基于KMS的知识共享关键影响因素研究

基于社会技术系统观点从个人、社会、组织和技术四个层面建立KMS中知识共享理论模型并试图发现影响知识共享的关键影响因素。采用社会资本理论、认知理论等多元理论视角从四个层面建立基于KMS知识共享的因素模型,通过运用PLS结构方程对来自97家企业183个有效样本的实证研究表明,虽然各层面的变量都对因变量具有显著作用,但社会资本对基于KMS知识共享效应最为显著,其次分别为个人、技术和组织层面。因此,企业应在综合管理措施基础上重点培育组织社会资本,并且利用基于Web 2.0等信息技术的KMS支持员工社会资本的发展促进知识共享,最后总结了知识分享管理中的两种误区。     

基于社会资本的科技人力资源共享框架模型构建研究

将社会资本理论引入科技人力资源共享研究,构建基于社会资本的科技人力资源共享的框架模型,通过社会资本的关系、结构和认知三个维度开展共享行为。认为较高的科技人力资源社会资本将有助于提高科技人力资源的共享效率,从而提高整体绩效。     

What drives employees to share their tacit knowledge in practice?

Tacit knowledge is internal to an individual in the form of know-how, experience or expertise. To create and maintain a sustainable competitive advantage, many companies have made substantial efforts to promote employees’ sharing of their tacit knowledge. In practice, however, tacit knowledge sharing (TKS) between employees is rare. This study empirically analyses the impacts of individual motivations and social capital on employees’ TKS in order to deepen and widen the understanding about the antecedents to employees’ TKS. Data collected from 713 employees in multiple industries were empirically tested by using structural equation modelling analysis through partial least squares. The analysis results show that anticipated intrinsic rewards and social capital positively influence employees’ TKS whereas anticipated extrinsic rewards have a negative effect on it. Furthermore, they show that employees’ attitudes, intentions and subjective norms of TKS play significant roles in linking the effects of individual motivations and social capital to employees’ TKS through a combination of expectancy theory and social capital theory based on the theory of planned behaviour. Theoretical and practical implications are presented on the basis of the major findings from this study.     

群体资源对个体知识共享的跨层次影响：心理资本的视角

群体心理资本作为一种重要的战略资源对个体知识共享产生积极影响,但至今鲜有研究对两者关系进行分析。整合工作要求-资源模型、社会交换理论,本研究构建了群体心理资本影响个体知识共享的跨层次模型,探讨了群体信任在两者关系间的不同行为效应,并通过多层线性分析等方法对问卷调查收集的数据进行实证分析。研究结果表明：(1)群体心理资本对个体工作参与、个体知识共享具有显著的正向预测效果;(2)群体心理资本对群体信任具有显著的正向预测效果,且群体信任在群体心理资本与个体工作参与关系之间起到中介作用;(3)群体信任跨层次正向调节个体工作参与与个体知识共享之间的关系。     

个体知识共享意向的社会资本透视

由于知识意味着资源和权力,个体通常不愿意分享知识。在计划行为理论和社会资本理论的基础上,构建了组织内个体知识共享意向的决定因素模型。实证研究结果显示,社会资本的关系资源（信任、规范）和个体行为理念（自我价值感知、期望报酬）对知识共享意向有显著促进作用,但是社会资本结构资源的相关假设未获得支持。     

企业社会资本与竞争优势的关系研究——基于知识的视角

在文献回顾的基础上,本研究提出了社会资本和竞争优势之间关系的假设模型,并通过对浙江省72家中小企业的问卷调查验证这一模型。研究结果表明:中小企业社会资本对知识共享与创造具有显著的正向影响;中小企业社会资本不仅直接影响智力资本,还通过知识共享与创造间接影响企业智力资本;智力资本在知识共享与创造和竞争优势之间起到了完全中介作用;中小企业社会资本不仅直接影响竞争优势,同时还通过知识共享与创造和智力资本间接地影响竞争优势。研究认为,中小企业要确立竞争优势,必须重视社会资本、智力资本的投入,同时还要营造有利于知识共享与创造的企业氛围。     

The effects of individual motivations and social capital on employees’ tacit and explicit knowledge sharing intentions

Due to the importance of knowledge in today's competitive world, an understanding of how to enhance employee knowledge sharing has become critical. This study develops an integrated model to understand key factors of employee knowledge sharing intentions through constructs prescribed by two established knowledge management research streams, namely, those concerning individual motivations and social capital. This study classifies employee knowledge sharing intentions as either tacit or explicit and investigates whether the level of the determinants and their influences differ between the two. The research model is tested with survey data collected from 2010 employees in multiple industries. Analysis results show that the proposed model significantly explains the variance of employees’ tacit and explicit knowledge sharing intentions. This finding indicates that the model's unified perspective enhances our knowledge of how to improve employee knowledge sharing. The new findings reveal that organizational rewards have a negative effect on employees’ tacit knowledge sharing intentions but a positive influence on their explicit knowledge sharing intentions. The analysis results confirm that reciprocity, enjoyment, and social capital contribute significantly to enhancing employees’ tacit and explicit knowledge sharing intentions. Additionally, these factors have more positive effects on tacit than on explicit knowledge intentions. The implications of the new findings are discussed.     

不同场景微信群的知识共享影响差异研究——基于ERGMs模型

微信群作为新型的社会关系组织模式，被广泛地应用在工作、学习、生活中。人们通过不同的微信群交流思想，传递知识。研究不同场景微信群内部的知识共享差异，可以解决微信群知识共享低效的问题，为多元化的知识治理提供支撑。以社会资本理论为基础，研究了结构资本、关系资本、认知资本对工作、学习和生活微信群内部显性、隐性知识共享的影响差异，并借助指数随机图模型（ERGMs）对其进行了实证研究。研究表明：工作场景下，影响隐性知识共享的关键因素是个体中心性、互动关系强度、认同、互惠和信任；影响显性知识共享的关键因素是个体中心性、认同、互惠、信任和共同语言。学习场景下，影响隐性知识共享的关键因素是个体中心性、认同、互惠和信任；影响显性知识共享的关键因素是个体中心性、互动关系强度、互惠、信任和共同语言。生活场景下，影响隐性知识共享的关键因素是互动关系强度、认同、信任和共同语言；影响显性知识共享的关键因素是信任和共同语言。     

社会资本和个人动机对虚拟社区知识共享影响的研究

从虚拟社区知识共享行为的动因出发,来探索虚拟社区社会资本和个人动机的影响,构建虚拟社区社会资本和个人动机对知识共享影响的理论模型,提出相关假设。对虚拟社区成员进行问卷调查,对得到的293份有效问卷的样本数据,运用LISREL 8.8和SPSS 17.0进行验证性分析,检验了研究假设。实证研究表明,社会资本和个人动机对虚拟社区成员的知识共享行为有显著的正向影响。研究结果对了解虚拟社区知识共享行为,实现基于网络平台的个性化知识管理与服务策略有重要参考意义。     

微信公众号知识共享能力云评价模型构建方法及其应用

从社会认知理论、社会资本理论和技术接受理论综合考虑知识共享能力,以知识生成能力和知识扩散能力两大层面为出发点,构建包含2个一级指标、6个二级指标和23个指标属性的微信公众号知识共享能力评价指标体系;利用熵权法确定各级指标权重,建立微信公众号知识共享能力加权综合云评价模型。以微信公众号“环球科学”为例,详细阐述应用综合云评价模型进行知识共享能力评价的具体流程,得到“环球科学”知识共享能力的评价值,并根据评价结果对“环球科学”进一步增强知识共享能力提出合理化建议。     

智力资本管理的科学定位及其发展趋势探析

作为知识经济时代的产物,智力资本管理越来越引起人们的重视。它进一步推动了对人力资源管理、知识管理厦智力资源管理等相关学科或理论的深入研究,使相关学科领域间的交叉和相互渗透程度不断增大。智力资本管理是人力资源管理适应时代发展的必然趋势,是知识管理研究领域的重要分支。同时也是智力资源管理的一部分。本文在对智力资本管理进行科学定位的基础上。探讨了智力资本管理的发展趋势。     

供应链企业间知识共享的动因研究

分析了供应链企业间知识共享活动的基本特征,运用社会资本理论、交易成本理论、企业能力理论、资源依赖理论、环境不确定性理论和战略选择理论分析了企业参与供应链知识共享的动因,探讨了供应链知识共享的动因理论与企业竞争优势的关系.     

社交网络情境下社会资本影响知识共享的效果分析

经过前人的不断研究和摸索,目前,我们通常将社会资本划分为3个维度：认知维度、结构维度和关系维度,结合问卷调查获取的数据开展相关性和回归分析。结果显示,社会资本的3个维度在知识共享的质量效果和数量上均产生了较大的正面影响：从知识共享的质量效果的角度来看,正面影响的因素有3个：1）认知维度中的共同愿景和语言;2）结构维度的中心性;3）关系维度中的社区信任和认可;从知识共享的数据的角度来看,产生显著影响的因素有认知维度中的共同的愿景和语言和关系维度中的社区信任和认可。     

Social capital and knowledge sharing performance of learning networks

The purpose of this study is to empirically investigate the relationship between the social capital accumulated among network members and the performance of learning networks in terms of their ability to enhance knowledge sharing among network members. A network level perspective guided the sampling strategy adopted for this survey involving 150 members of 16 European learning networks. Hierarchical multiple regression and structural equation modelling were employed to investigate the inter-relationships between dimensions of social capital and knowledge sharing in learning networks. The results reveal that social interaction and cognitive social capital are positively and significantly related to knowledge sharing in learning networks. Social interaction is also shown to play an important role in the development of shared vision and shared language (i.e. cognitive social capital) in learning networks. This paper sheds further light on the inter-relationships between different dimensions of social capital from a network (rather than firm) level perspective, and contributes to emerging theory on the antecedents to, and assessment of, performance in learning network entities.     

Extending lead user theory to users’ innovation-related knowledge sharing in the online user community: The mediating roles of social capital and perceived behavioral control

The research on users as a source of innovation has been coming into blossom and the studies about the effect of users’ lead userness on their innovation-related activities are drawing more and more attention from both academic and business circles. However, there have been few empirical studies exploring the relationship between users’ lead userness and their innovation-related knowledge sharing behavior in the context of online user community and the mediating effects of users’ social capital and their perceived behavioral control on this relationship. By empirically analyzing the 140 data collected from an online user community that is used as an important source of innovation for a company with the structural equation modeling analysis through the partial least squares method, this study reveals that users’ lead userness has a positive relationship with their innovation-related knowledge sharing in the online user community and users’ social capital and perceived behavioral control jointly and fully mediate this positive relationship. Based on the new findings, this study is expected to provide useful implications which can contribute to widening and deepening the research stream about the effect of users’ lead userness on their innovation-related knowledge sharing in the online user community.     

社会资本对跨学科研究团队知识整合的影响机制

社会资本为研究异质知识流动提供新的思路,但目前缺乏社会资本对跨学科合作知识整合作用机制的研究。借鉴团队认同理论,分析跨学科研究团队社会资本的三个维度---结构资本、关系资本和认知资本对知识整合的作用机制。以团队认同为中介变量,任务互依为调节变量,构建有调节的中介模型。基于C9某研究型高校46个跨学科研究团队的346名成员的问卷调查的结构方程模型分析发现：社会资本的三个维度均显著正向影响团队认同,团队认同显著正向影响知识整合;团队认同完全中介结构资本和关系资本与知识整合的关系,部分中介认知资本与知识整合的关系;任务互依正向调节团队认同的中介作用。本研究为社会资本和知识整合研究做出了贡献并指导跨学科合作实践。     

基于知识贡献的社交问答平台个人创新行为研究

社交问答平台因满足用户对知识精准化与细分化需求,兼具社交功能日益受到人们的青睐,但仍存在活跃用户少,知识贡献积极性不高从而难以激发知识创新等问题,因此研究社交问答平台个人创新行为影响因素,对改善平台服务有重要意义。以社会资本理论和自我决定理论为理论基础,本研究从知识贡献角度建立了社交问答平台个人创新行为的结构方程模型,通过问卷调查,运用偏最小二乘法对研究模型和假设进行验证。研究结果显示,乐于助人、知识自我效能和互动强度是影响社交问答平台知识贡献的重要因素,进而影响用户个人创新行为。根据实证结果提出增强社交问答平台用户知识贡献意愿的相关对策和建议。     

组织社会资本对个体知识分享的影响机理

个体知识分享行为的产生,取决于个体是否有分享知识的意愿或动机.计划行为理论对影响个体意愿产生的因素进行了详尽的阐释.组织社会资本的不同维度,通过影响个体知识分享的态度、主观规范及知觉行为控制,影响知识分享意愿及行为的产生.