Interaction effect of strategic leadership behaviors and organizational culture on IS-Business strategic alignment and Enterprise Systems assimilation

Drawing upon strategic leadership theory, this study develops a theoretical model to explore the impact of senior executives’ leadership behaviors on IS-Business strategic alignment in the context of Enterprise Systems (ES) assimilation. In particular, organizational culture is added as a critical moderator in the research model based on contingency theory. Empirical analysis results suggest that idealized influence and inspirational motivation leadership behaviors are significant drivers of IS-Business strategic alignment, which further has a positive influence on Enterprise Systems assimilation. Moreover, flexibility-oriented culture positively moderates the relationship between strategic leadership behaviors and IS-Business strategic alignment, while control-oriented culture negatively moderates the path relationships. Our study contributes to the extant literature in both leadership and IS-business strategic alignment.     

Knowledge transfer challenges and mitigation strategies in global software development—A systematic literature review and industrial validation

Context

In this article we considered knowledge transfer (KT) in global software development (GSD) from two perspectives, state-of-the-art and state-of-the-practice, in order to identify what are the challenges that hamper the success of KT in global software teams, as well as to find out what are the mitigation strategies that can be used to overcome such challenges.

Objectives

The overall aim of this work is to provide a body of knowledge for enabling successful KT in GSD settings. This is achieved by an in-depth understanding of KT challenges and mitigation strategies, both from the perspective of literature and industry. It also identifies the similarities and differences in challenges and strategies gathered from literature studies and industrial experts.

Methods

In order to fulfill the aim of the research, we collected data through a systematic literature review (SLR) and conducted interviews with industrial experts. Through the SLR we found 35 primary studies relevant to our objectives. We also conducted eight interviews of experienced industrial professionals from eight different multinational companies world-wide. For analyzing the data we used grounded theory and cross-case analysis.

Results

In total, 60 different challenges and 79 unique mitigation strategies are identified from both SLR and interview results. The challenges and mitigation strategies are grouped into three core categories of personnel, project and technology factors, thus giving rise to a conceptualization called as 2PT factors. There are greater numbers of challenges and mitigation strategies in the project and personnel factors, highlighting the complex interplay of project-related and human-intensive issues in GSD projects, while the technology factor plays the role as facilitator in transferring knowledge. The study also maps the mitigation strategies to challenges, which can guide practitioners in their selection of strategies to use for overcoming KT challenges in GSD.

Conclusions

We conclude that effective management of project and personnel factors, facilitated by technological factors, are crucial for a successful transfer of knowledge in GSD projects. Thus in future, the researchers and practitioners need to focus on the 2PT factors for ensuring effective KT in GSD settings.     

基于价值链拆分的双重商业模式的战略选择

首先通过对30个双重商业模式案例的整理与分析,提出双重商业模式战略选择的可行性。在分析前人关于双重模式的应对策略优点和缺陷的基础上,提出了基于价值链拆分的双重商业模式的战略分析框架。根据价值链九种活动、两种商业模式冲突的性质和两种商业模式之间相似度这三个维度,划分出(2×2)9种双重商业模式的战略选择,并提出先进行价值活动取舍再对剩下的价值活动进行分合的完整解决方案。之后运用提出的理论对联想集团双模式的案例进行了分析。最后进一步提出了双模式的研究方向,提出了基于价值链的拆分,企业还可以依据其他的要素来进行新的更加符合企业自身情况的拆分方式。     

权变视角下人力资源管理与组织绩效关系研究评述

对近期国内外权变视角下人力资源管理与组织绩效关系的研究文献进行了回顾,从权变因素的选择、理论模型的发展和实证研究三方面对已有研究进行了分析和评价,并讨论了权变视角下人力资源管理与组织绩效关系进一步研究的方向。     

CAS视角下企业正式及非正式网络互动适应环境的理论框架

社交新时代的到来使企业内正式及非正式网络互动问题愈发突出。主流理论往往将企业内正式及非正式因素割裂开来讨论;而少数尝试分析组织内正式和非正式网络互动的研究还停留在概念界定不完整、研究关系静态的阶段,难以反映正式和非正式网络互动影响企业的全貌。CAS理论提供了崭新的思路。在系统分析以往理论研究的基础上,基于CAS视角并结合社会网络分析了企业正式及非正式网络互动适应环境的现象、机理、权变情境等问题,构建了企业通过正式和非正式网络互动适应环境相关问题的理论框架,希望从根本上推动主流理论关注组织内正式及非正式因素整合,弥补现有研究存在不完整和静态的不足,并为实践界设计正式和非正式网络适应环境提供指导。     

A structural equation model of the impact of the “fuzzy front end” on the success of new product development

In this study of new product development projects, the fuzzy front end of innovation was explored. The new product development process has multiple stages, so two types of fuzzy front end impacts on the success of new product development were examined: (1) a direct impact and (2) an indirect impact by influencing the next stage of the new product development process, i.e. project execution. Furthermore, the degree of project newness, in accordance with contingency theory, was considered.We developed and tested a conceptual model of relationships among key variables related to the fuzzy front end, project execution, and project success. The structural equation model was tested with AMOS using information from 144 projects completed by German measurement and control technique firms.For the most part, the responses from these firms supported the hypothesized relationships and the frequently claimed importance of the fuzzy front end was confirmed. The results offer strong support for the importance of the early involvement of all departments in new product development to enhance communication and, ultimately, project success. This process can be advanced by initial planning prior to development.Furthermore, the firms’ responses highlighted the importance of reducing market and technical uncertainty during the fuzzy front end, as both were found to negatively influence communication and increase deviations during project execution. The technical uncertainty remaining at the start of a project had a direct, negative influence on project efficiency and the most far-reaching implications regarding the success or failure of the project.With regard to contingency theory, the results indicated that efforts spent on the reduction of uncertainty to improve project execution and success may be influenced by the degree of newness of new product concepts. The degree of newness was found to influence the reduction of technical uncertainty, deviations from specifications, and efficiency.     

Managing knowledge within networked innovation

The purpose of this paper is to research firms’ knowledge management practices within the context of networked innovation between multiple actors. The analysis is based on case research carried out with six companies. Based on earlier literature and the theoretical framework of the paper, two models of networked innovation can be distinguished according to knowledge management needs: networks focusing on the transaction of explicit knowledge and intellectual property, and networks focusing on the co-creation of new knowledge and business opportunities. The paper argues that a strategic approach to knowledge management is a key element of success within networked innovation, both in the theory and in the practices of firms. In that way, firms are able to manage knowledge within networked innovation when they understand their partners’ business models and strategic intents, for example their motivation to collaborate.     

新创企业员工间高质量关系影响失败学习的机理研究

本文以浙江省成立八年内新创企业的员工为调查对象,收集了212份样本数据,探究了员工间高质量关系与失败学习的关系以及心理资本和工作自主性在这个过程中的作用机制。数据分析结果表明：（1）员工间高质量关系显著正向影响心理资本与失败学习;（2）员工心理资本显著正向影响失败学习,且在高质量关系与失败学习之间起部分中介作用;（3）员工工作自主性在心理资本与失败学习的正向关系中起负向调节作用。本研究理论上丰富了关系协调理论和员工失败学习领域的研究,实践上为新创企业如何营造良好的失败学习氛围提供了有益参考。     

The critical success factors of business process management

Although business process management (‘BPM’) is a popular concept, it has not yet been properly theoretically grounded. This leads to problems in identifying both generic and case-specific critical success factors of BPM programs. The paper proposes an underlying theoretical framework with the utilization of three theories: contingency, dynamic capabilities and task–technology fit. The main premise is that primarily the fit between the business environment and business processes is needed. Then both continuous improvement and the proper fit between business process tasks and information systems must exist. The underlying theory is used to identify critical success factors on a case study from the banking sector.     

动态能力、危机管理与企业竞争优势关系研究

针对企业如何在动态环境下获取持续竞争优势这一战略管理领域研究难点问题,首先基于危机管理理论四个阶段将动态能力划分为与之对应的感知能力、学习能力、整合能力和创新能力四个维度;然后构建动态能力、危机管理和企业竞争优势的关系模型,揭示了动态能力在应对企业危机过程中重塑企业竞争优势的内在机理,并以丰田汽车公司为例,对所提理论模型进行了案例研究。案例研究结果表明,动态能力能够在企业危机管理过程中发挥重要作用并能够使企业重获竞争优势,证明了所提理论模型的科学性和有效性。本研究为动态环境下企业竞争优势相关研究提供了新视角,并有助于将动态能力理论向实践应用扩展,将企业危机管理向理论高度提升。     

Integrating knowledge transfer and computer-mediated communication: categorizing barriers and possible responses

Communication is at the heart of knowledge transfer (KT). But studies of KT barriers do not explicitly consider the relationship and impact of specific communication modalities on KT. The modalities of computer-mediated communication (CMC), namely email, Voice Over Internet Protocol, Instant Messaging (IM) and the like are generally viewed as a group ‘CMC’. In this paper, we analyze the KT literature to distill 21 key barriers to successful KT. These barriers are then categorized according to basic communication theory. We then examine leading theories of CMC and discuss how based on these theories individual CMC modalities can be applied to KT barriers. We conclude with a model that presents the categorized KT barriers in a communication channel model that can be addressed by CMC modalities and that can potentially break down those barriers.     

Comparison of competing models and multi-group analysis of organizational culture,knowledge transfer,and innovation capability: an empirical study of the Taiwan semiconductor industry

This study proposes a theoretical model to examine the relationships between organizational culture (OC), knowledge transfer (KT), and innovation capability (CI) in Taiwan’s semiconductor industry. Structural equation modelling is employed to discuss the degree of influence on each construct. In order to recognize what the better model and whether the model will be moderated for different industry chain positions (upstream, midstream, and downstream), this study uses competing models and multi-group analysis. A total of 433 valid responses were collected from 10 Taiwan semiconductor firms’ R&D departments. Through the competing models, we find that supportive culture is better than bureaucratic and innovative culture. Findings also reveal that managers should shape a supportive culture and encourage KT to promote CI in the semiconductor industry supply chain. KT is a partial mediator between OC and CI. In addition, after multi-group analysis, the results show that culture has significantly different relationships with KT and CI.     

Why do I take deviant disclosure behavior on internet platforms? An explanation based on the neutralization theory

Internet platforms increasingly rely on personal data to maintain user base and attract potential users. However, users might misrepresent their personal information in response to the requests when they expect their personal information to be used for unstated purposes. Misrepresenting of personal information (MPI), as a regular deviant behavior on online platforms, leads to data noises and service failures and needs further investigation. Drawing on the neutralization theory and online scenario survey, this study constructs a model to examine the factors of MPI. The results show that techniques of neutralization, such as denial of injury, defense of necessity, metaphor of the ledger, and avoidance of greater harm, are positively associated with users’ intention of MPI. In particular, avoidance of greater harm has a stronger effect on MPI intention than other neutralization techniques. Furthermore, we also explore the contingent role of personality traits. The results show that extraversion negatively moderates the relationships between denial of injury, avoidance of greater harm and MPI, whereas neuroticism plays a positive role in moderating the relationships between denial of injury, metaphor of the ledger, avoidance of greater harm and MPI. Moreover, post-hoc analysis results show that users do some differernces regarding justify their deviant disclosure behavior by using neutralization techniques between e-commerce platform and social networking site. Focusing on the dark side of disclosure behavior, this study enriches the current literature by applying neutralization theory and provides a new direction for academia and Internet practitioners to understand users’ deviant disclosure behavior.     

基于熵的项目组合配置协同度研究

以熵为理论出发点,在定义正协同、负协同、模糊协同和协同度等概念的基础上,提出定量描述项目级、工序级配置组件协同关系矩阵,设计以阶段协同熵加权反映配置组件模糊协同关系、以组件内外协同关系之和度量项目组合配置组件协同度的分析方法,构建基于熵的项目组合配置协同度决策模型,并通过企业实践对模型的可操作性进行验证。     

与上司关系融洽有利于中层管理者抑制性建言吗？—一个有调节的中介模型

中层管理者建言在阐述、创造与推进组织变革中发挥重要多变的作用，但以往研究对他们的关注却非常匮乏。紧密结合中国差序格局、层级主义的文化背景，基于社会交换理论和角色理论，本研究旨在揭示与上司关系对中层管理者抑制性建言的影响及其作用机制和边界条件。通过对本土企业高层领导及其下属中层管理者236份匹配问卷的调查，结果表明:与上司关系融洽有利于中层管理者抑制性建言；互惠信念在这一影响过程中发挥部分中介作用；权力距离在与上司关系和互惠信念之间发挥负向调节作用，并同时负向调节了与上司关系—互惠信念—中层管理者抑制性建言这一中介机制。研究为建言行为的产生提供了新的理论视角,有助于企业探索中层建言的困境，对组织发展有着重要的实践意义。     

Why viewers send paid gifts: The role of social influence on massively multiplayer online games live streaming

Virtual paid gifts from viewers are the main revenue source for the live streaming gaming industry, with massively multiplayer online games (MMOG) currently representing the most profitable game type. However, there is little understanding regarding what drives gifting behavior in the MMOG live streaming social environment. This study develops a research model for analyzing the antecedents of virtual gifts in the MMOG live streaming context, with monetary value used for quantification. This model builds on the theory of social influence and social impact literature, and it has been validated through an empirical study including 988,829 observations of real-time viewer data that were collected from the Douyu live streaming platform. Our study examines micro-, meso-, and macro-level social influences (i.e., self-presentation, parasocial relationship, and MMOG live streaming loyalty) on viewer gifting behavior and how the presence of others (i.e., social crowdedness of viewers on the live streaming channel) represents a contextual cue that moderates the effects of social influence on gifting behavior. The results reveal that self-presentation, parasocial relationships, and MMOG live streaming loyalty positively affect the monetary value of viewers’ paid gifts. Although the presence of others can strengthen the impact of parasocial relationships and MMOG live streaming loyalty on viewer gifting behavior, it negatively moderates the relationship between self-presentation and gifting behavior. This study theorizes the features of MMOG live streaming and extends the applicability of social influence theory and social impact theory to this context. Finally, we provide insights into how game practitioners facilitate viewer gifting behavior.     

与上司关系融洽有利于中层管理者抑制性建言吗?——一个有调节的中介模型

中层管理者建言在阐述、创造与推进组织变革中发挥重要多变的作用,但以往研究对他们的关注却非常匮乏。紧密结合中国差序格局、层级主义的文化背景,基于社会交换理论和角色理论,本研究旨在揭示与上司关系对中层管理者抑制性建言的影响及其作用机制和边界条件。通过对本土企业高层领导及其下属中层管理者236份匹配问卷的调查,结果表明:与上司关系融洽有利于中层管理者抑制性建言;互惠信念在这一影响过程中发挥部分中介作用;权力距离在与上司关系和互惠信念之间发挥负向调节作用,并同时负向调节了与上司关系—互惠信念—中层管理者抑制性建言这一中介机制。研究为建言行为的产生提供了新的理论视角,有助于企业探索中层建言的困境,对组织发展有着重要的实践意义。     

政府补贴、两权分离与企业技术创新

技术创新文献对政府补贴究竟是激励效应还是挤出效应尚无定论。本文结合资源基础理论和委托代理理论提出了一个权变的观点,即认为政府补贴能否有效地促进企业的技术创新在很大程度上取决于企业能否处理好两个层面的委托代理关系:一方面是企业管理层和企业股东之间的利益冲突(所有权与管理权的两权分离);另一方面是企业控股股东和中小股东之间的利益冲突(现金流权与控制权的两权分离)。本文对2008-2011年在沪深两市上市的电子、制药和信息企业创新绩效(运用随机效应负二项回归模型)进行分析后发现:第一,企业获得的政府补贴与其技术创新绩效之间不存在显著的正相关关系;第二,企业CEO两职合一、控股股东所有权和控制权的两权分离对政府补贴和技术创新绩效之间的关系起到负向的调节作用。本文的研究结果对政府的研发补贴政策和企业的治理结构调整具有一定的理论指导意义。     

基于信息技术用户接受理论的ERP系统实施模型研究

企业资源计划(ERP)系统实施的成功率问题成为信息系统领域研究的热点,其中用户对系统的接受程度不高是造成ERP系统实施失败的主要原因之一。对国外已有的信息技术接受理论和ERP系统实施方面的研究进行评述,在前人研究的基础上将用户接受理论引入到ERP系统实施的研究中,构建ERP系统实施的用户接受概念模型,并对未来的研究方向进行了预测。